सिक्ख धर्म

sikkh dharm
sikkh dharm ka pratik|200px|center
vivaran	bharatiy dharmoan mean sikkh dharm ka apana ek pavitr evan anupam sthan hai. sikkhoan ke pratham guru, guru nanak dev sikkh dharm ke pravartak haian.
sthapana	5vian shatabdi
sansthapak	guru nanak
pratik chihn	sikkh panth ke pratik chihn mean do or vakrakar talavaroan ke bich ek vritt tatha vritt ke bich ek sidha khaanda hota hai. talavarean dharmaraksha ke lie samarpan ka, vritta 'ek oankar' ka tatha khaanda pavitrata ka pratik hai.
pavitr granth	guru granth sahib
sikkhoan ke das guru	guru nanakadev, guru aangad, guru amaradas, guru ramadas, guru arjan dev, guru haragoviand sianh, guru hararay, guru har kishan sianh, guru tegabahadur sianh, guru govind sianh
sanbandhit lekh	akal takht, haramandir sahab, anandapur sahib
any janakari	'sikkh' shabd 'shishy' se utpann hua hai, jisaka tatpary hai- "guru nanak ke shishy", arthath unaki shikshaoan ka anusaran karane vale. sikkh dharm mean bahu-devatavad ki manyata nahian hai. yah dharm keval ek 'akal purush' ko manata hai aur usamean vishvas karata hai.

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sikkh dharm ka bharatiy dharmoan mean apana ek pavitr evan anupam sthan hai. sikkhoan ke pratham guru, guru nanak dev sikkh dharm ke pravartak haian. 'sikkh dharm' ki sthapana 15vian shatabdi mean bharat ke uttar-pashchimi bhag ke panjab mean guru nanak dev dvara ki gee thi. 'sikkh' shabd 'shishy' se utpann hua hai, jisaka tatpary hai- "guru nanak ke shishy", arthath unaki shikshaoan ka anusaran karane vale. sikkh dharm mean bahu-devatavad ki manyata nahian hai. yah dharm keval ek 'akal purush' ko manata hai aur usamean vishvas karata hai. yah ek eeshvar tatha gurudvaroan par adharit dharm hai. sikkh dharm mean guru ki mahima mukhy roop se poojyaniy v darshaniy mani gee hai. isake anusar guru ke madhyam se hi 'akal purush' tak pahuancha ja sakata hai.

guru nanak dev

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

nanak dev ka janm 1469 ee. mean lahaur (vartaman pakistan) ke samip 'talavandi' namak sthan mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam kaloochand aur mata ka tripta tha. bachapan se hi pratibha ke dhani nanak ko ekaantavas, chintan evan satsang mean vishesh ruchi thi. sulakkhini devi se vivah ke pashchath shrichand aur lakhamichand namak inake do putr hue. parantu saansarik gatividhiyoan mean vishesh ruchi n utpann hone par ve apane parivar ko sasural mean chho dakar svayan bhraman, satsang aur upadesh adi mean lag gaye. is dauran ve panjab, makka, madina, kabul, sianhal, kamaroop, puri, dilli, kashmir, kashi, haridvar adi ki yatra par gaye. in yatraoan mean unake do shishy sadaiv unake sath rahe- ek tha- 'mardana', jo bhajan gate samay rabab bajata tha aur doosara 'balabandhuan'.

any mahanh santoan ke saman hi guru nanak ke sath bhi anek chamatkarik evan divy ghatanaean ju di huee haian. vastav mean ye ghatanaean nanak ke roodhiyoan v aandhavishvasoan ke prati virodhi drishtikon ko darshati haian. nanak apani yatraoan ke dauran din-dukhiyoan ki pi daoan evan samasyaoan ko door karane ka prayas karate the. ve sabhi dharmoan tatha jatiyoan ke logoan ke sath saman roop se prem, namrata aur sadbhav ka vyavahar karate the. hindoo-musalaman ekata ke ve pakke samarthak the. apane priy shishy lahana ki kshamataoan ko pahachan kar unhoanne use apana uttaradhikari niyukt kiya aur use 'aangad' nam diya. guru aangad ne nanak dev ki vaniyoan ko sangrahit karake gurumukhi lipi mean baddh karaya. isi ke pashchath 1539 mean guru nanak dev ki mrityu ho gee.

akal purush

guru nanak dev ne 'akal purush' ka jaisa svaroop prastut kiya hai, usake anusar akal purush ek hai. us jaisa koee nahian hai. vah sabamean ek saman roop se basa hua hai. us akal purush ka nam atal hai. srishti nirmata vah akal purush hi sansar ki har chhoti-b di vastu ko banane vala hai. vah akal purush hi sab kuchh banata hai tatha banaee huee har ek chiz mean usaka vas bhi rahata hai. arthath vah kan-kan mean adrishy roop se nivas karata hai. vah sarvashaktiman hai tatha use kisi ka dar nahian hai. usaka kisi ke sath virodh, manamutav evan shatruta nahian hai. akal purush ka astitv samay ke bandhan se mukt hai. bhootakal, vartaman kal evan bhavishy kal jaisa kal vibhajan usake lie koee mayane nahian rakhata. bachapan, yauvan, budhapa aur mrityu ka us par koee prabhav nahian p data hai. us akal purush ko vibhinn yoniyoan mean bhatakane ki avashyakata nahian hai, arthath vah ajanma hai. use kisi ne nahian banaya aur n hi use kisi ne janm diya hai. vah svayan prakashit hai.

upadesh

guru nanakadev ne am bol-chal ki bhasha mean rache padoan tatha bhajanoan ke madhyam se apane upadesh diye. unhoanne kaha ki sabaka nirmata, karta, palanahara 'ek oankar' ek eeshvar hai, jo 'satanam' (usi ka nam saty hai), 'karata purukh' (rachayita), 'akamoorat' (akshay aur nirakar), 'nirbhu' (nirbhay), 'niravair' (dvesh rahit) aur 'ajuni sabhang' (janm-maran se mukt sarvajnata) hai. use sirf 'guru prasad' arthath guru ki kripa se hi jana ja sakata hai. usake samane sabhi barabar haian, at: chhooachhoot, roodhivadita, ooanch-nich sab jhooth aur adanbar haian. janm-maran vihin ek eeshvar mean astha, chhuachhoot rahit samatamoolak samaj ki sthapana aur manav matr ke kalyan ki kamana sikkh dharm ke pramukh siddhant haian. karm karana, baant kar khana aur prabhu ka nam jap karana isake adhar haian. inhian mantavyoan ki prapti ke lie guru nanak dev ne is dharm ki sthapana ki thi.

sikkhoan ke das guru

[[chitr:Sikh-Gurus.jpg|thumb|250px|bich mean guru nanak dev aur sikkhoan ke das guru]] sikkh dharm mean guru parampara ka vishesh mahattv raha hai. isamean das guru mane gaye haian, jinake nam, janm v guru banane ki tithi tatha nirvan prapti ki tithi is prakar hai-

kr.san	nam	janm tithi	guru banane ki tithi	nirvan tithi
1.	guru nanakadev	15 aprail, 1469	20 agast, 1507	22 sitambar, 1539
2.	guru aangad	31 march, 1504	7 sitambar, 1539	28 march, 1552
3.	guru amaradas	5 aprॅl, 1479	26 march, 1552	1 sitambar, 1574
4.	guru ramadas	24 sitambar, 1534	1 sitambar, 1574	1 sitambar, 1581
5.	guru arjun dev	15 aprail, 1563	1 sitambar, 1581	30 mee, 1606
6.	guru haragoviand sianh	14 joon, 1595	25 mee, 1606	3 march, 1644
7.	guru hararay	16 janavari, 1630	3 march, 1644	6 aktoobar, 1661
8.	guru har kishan sianh	7 julaee, 1656	6 aktoobar, 1661	30 march, 1664
9.	guru tegabahadur sianh	18 aprail, 1621	20 march, 1664	24 navanbar, 1675
10.	guru govind sianh	22 disambar, 1666	11 navanbar, 1675	7 aktoobar, 1708

tisare guru amaradas ne jati pratha evan chhooachhoot ko samapt karane ke uddeshy se 'langar' parampara ki nianv dali. chauthe guru ramadas ne 'amrit sarovar' (ab amritasar) namak ek naye nagar ki nianv rakhi. amritasar mean hi paanchavean guru arjun dev ne 'haramandir sahab' (svarn mandir) ki sthapana ki. unhoanne hi apane pichhale guruoan tatha unake samakalin hindoo, muslim santoan ke padoan evan bhajanoan ka sangrah kar 'adigranth' banaya.

paanch kakke

guru arjun dev ki muslim shasakoan ne nadi mean dubokar hatya karava di thi. chhathe guru haragoviand ke kal mean mugal badashahoan ke gair musalamanoan par atyachar badhate ja rahe the, jisaka unhoanne bahaduri se muqabala kiya. unhoanne apane anuyayiyoan ko hintutv ki raksha hetu sipahiyoan ki tarah lais rahane aur achchhe ghu dasavar banane ka upadesh diya. guru tegabahadur dvara bhi islam dharm svikar n karane se inkar kar dene par aurangazeb ne unake donoan betoan ko divar mean chinava diya. dasavean guru goviand sianh ne sikkh panth ko naya svaroop, nayi shakti aur nayi ojasvita pradan ki. unhoanne 'khalasa' (shuddh) paranpara ki sthapana ki. khalasaoan ke paanch anivary lakshan nirdharit kiye gaye, jinhean 'paanch kakke' ya 'paanch kakar' kahate haian, kyoanki ye paanchoan lakshan 'k' se shuroo hote haian, jaise- kesh, kandha, k da, kachchha aur kripan. ye paanchoan lakshan ek sikkh ko vishisht pahachan pradan karate haian.

guru govind sianh ki ichchha

sikkh dharm mean kripan dharan karane ka adesh atmaraksha ke lie hai. guru govind sianh chahate the ki sikkhoan mean santoan vale gun bhi hoan aur sipahiyoan vali bhavana bhi. is karan kripan sikkhoan ka ek dharmik chihn ban gaya hai. guru goviand ne purush khalasaoan ko 'sianh' ki tatha mahilaoan ko 'kaur' ki upadhi di.[[chitr:Guru-Granth-Sahib.jpg|thumb|250px|guru granth sahib]] apane shishyoan mean dharmaraksha hetu sadaiv mar mitane ko taiyar rahane vale paanch shishyoan ko chunakar unhean 'paanch pyare' ki sanjna di aur unhean amrit chhaka kar dharm rakshakoan ke roop mean vishishtata pradan ki aur netritv mean khalasaoan ne muslim shasakoan ka bahaduri poorvak samana kiya. guru goviand sianh ne kaha ki unake bad koee any guru nahian hoga, balki 'adigranth' ko hi guru mana jaye. tab se adigranth ko 'guru granth sahab' kaha jane laga. at: sikkh is pavitr granth ko sajiv guru ke saman hi samman dete haian. use sadaiv 'rumala' mean lapetakar rakhate haian aur makhamali chaandani ke niche rakhate haian. ek sthan se doosare sthan par le jane hetu is granth ko hamesha sir par rakhakar le jate haian. is par hamesha chanvar dulaya jata hai. gurudvare mean isaka path karane vale vishesh vyakti ko 'granthi' aur vishisht roop se gayan mean pravin vyakti ko 'ragi' kahate haian.

bhaee maradana

sanpoorn sikkh paranpara mean bhaee maradana ka atyant mahattvapoorn sthan hai. ve jati se mirasi musalaman the aur guru nanak dev ke bachapan ke mitr the. bhaee maradana bahut kushal rabab vadak the. ve sara jivan guru nanak dev ke sath rahe. guru nanak dev ki 20 varsh ki desh-videsh ki yatra mean bhaee maradana unake sath rahe. guru nanak dev jo bhi vani rachate the, bhaee maradana unake sath rahe. guru nanak dev jo bhi vani rachate the, bhaee maradana use sangitabaddh karate the. aantim samay mean bhi ve guru nanak dev ke sath rahean gurugranth sahab mean bhaee maradana rachit tin shlok sangrahit haian.

pavitr nishan

yah sikkh panth ka pavitr nishan hai, jisamean do or vakrakar talavaroan ke bich ek vritt tatha vritt ke bich ek sidha khaanda hota hai. talavarean dharmaraksha ke lie samarpan ka, vritta 'ek oankar' ka tatha khaanda pavitrata ka pratik hai.

langar

gurudvaroan mean pratidin, vishesh avasaroan par bhaktajanoan ke lie bhoj ki vyavastha hoti hai, jisamean halava, chhole tatha pani, chini, pianjari, makkhan se bana tatha kripan se hilaya hua k da prasad diya jata hai. tisare guru amaradas ne sikkhoan tatha any dharmavalambiyoan mean samanata v ekata sthapit karane ke uddeshy se langar ki shuruat ki thi.

• vahe guru- yah eeshvar ka prashansatmak nam hai.
• sat shri akal, bole so nihal- eeshvar saty, kalyanakari aur kalatit hai, jisake nam ke smaran se mukti milati hai.
• vahe guru d khalasa, vahe guru di fatah- khalasa panth vahe guru (eeshvar) ka panth aur aur aantat: usi ki vijay hoti hai.

paanch takht

sikkh dharm ke paanch pramukh dharmakendr (takht) haian-

1. akal takht
2. haramandir sahab
3. patana sahab
4. anandapur sahib
5. huzoor sahab.

dharm sambandhi kisi bhi vivad par in takhtoan ke pithasin adhikariyoan ka nirnay aantim mana jata hai.

paanch kakar

sikkhoan ke 10vean aur aantim guru govind sianh ne paanch kakar- kesh, kangha, k da, kachchha aur kripan ko anivary bana diya. gurudvare mean pratidin ya vishesh avasaroanan par svechchha se kiya gaya shram, jaise- gurudvare ki sidhiyoan ki saphaee, k da prasad banana, bhaktajanoan ke joote sanbhalana v saf karana adi. kabhi-kabhi dharm virodhi kary karane par saza ke roop mean vyakti ko ye kary karane ka adesh diya jata hai.

sikkh dharm mean divali

sikkhoan ke chhathe guru haragobiand sianh ji ko divali vale din mugal badashah jahaangir ki qaid se mukti mili thi. guru haragobiand sianh ji ki badhati shakti se ghabara kar mugal badashah jahaangir ne unhean aur unake 52 sathiyoan ko gvaliyar ke qile mean bandi banaya hua tha. jahaangir ne sanh 1619 ee. mean desh bhar ke logoan dvara haragoviand sianh ji ko chho dane ki apil par guru ko divali vale din mukt kiya. haragoviand sianh ji kaid se mukt hote hi amritasar pahuanche aur vahaan vishesh prarthana ka ayojan kiya gaya. haragoviand sianh ji ke riha hone ki khushi mean guru ki mata ne sabhi logoan mean mithaee baanti aur charoan or dip jalae ge. isi vazah se sikkh dharm mean divali ko 'bandi chho d divas' ke roop mean manaya jata hai. sanh 1577 ee. mean divali ke din hi amritasar ke prasiddh svarn mandir ki nianv rakhi gee thi. sikkh dharm mean divali ke tyohar ko tin din tak anand ke sath manaya jata hai. amritasar mean divali ke din vishesh samaroh ka ayojan kiya jata hai, jisamean door-door se log ate haian. pavitr sarovar mean is din log subah-subah dubaki lagate haian aur svarn mandir ke darshan karate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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