हिन्दू धर्म

hindoo dharm
hiandoo dharm ka pavitr chihn svastik|200px|center
vivaran	bharat ka sarvapramukh dharm hindoo dharm hai, jise isaki prachinata evan vishalata ke karan 'sanatan dharm' bhi kaha jata hai. hindoo dharm kisi vyakti vishesh dvara sthapit dharm nahian hai, balki yah prachin kal se chale a rahe vibhinn dharmoan, matamataantaroan, asthaoan evan vishvasoan ka samuchchay hai.
pramukh devata	shiv, vishnu, ganesh, krishna, ram, hanuman, soory adi
pramukh deviyaan	durga, parvati, prithvi, mahalakshmi, sarasvati, kali, gayatri adi
das avatar	matsy, koorm, varah, nrisianh, vaman, parashuram, ram, krishna, buddh, kalki
dharm pravartak aur sant	adi shankarachary, chaitany mahaprabhu, dayanand sarasvati, nimbarkachary, svami ramanand, samarth ramadas, svami vivekanand, svami haridas, ramkrishna paramahans, ramanuj, vallabhachary adi
dharmagranth	4 ved (rrigved, samaved, yajurved aur atharvaved), 13 upanishad, 18 puran, ramayan, mahabharat, gita, ramacharitamanas adi.
sampraday	shaiv mat, vaishnav, shakt, ary samaj, kabirapanth, chaitany, dadoopanth, dvaitavad, nimbark, brahmasamaj, vallabh, sakhibhav adi
tirth sthal	hindoo mandir, shaktipith, jyotirliang
sanbandhit lekh	Om, svastik, vaidik dharm, hindoo sanskar, hindoo karmakand, arati stuti stotr
any janakari	hindoo dharm ki paramparaoan ka mool ved hi haian. vaidik dharm prakriti-poojak, bahudevavadi tatha anushthanaparak dharm tha.

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hindoo dharm (aangrezi: Hinduism) bharat ka sarvapramukh dharm hai, jise isaki prachinata evan vishalata ke karan 'sanatan dharm' bhi kaha jata hai. eesaee, islam, bauddh, jain adi dharmoan ke saman hindoo dharm kisi paigambar ya vyakti vishesh dvara sthapit dharm nahian hai, balki yah prachin kal se chale a rahe vibhinn dharmoan, matamataantaroan, asthaoan evan vishvasoan ka samuchchay hai. ek vikasashil dharm hone ke karan vibhinn kaloan mean isamean naye-naye ayam ju date gaye. vastav mean hindoo dharm itane vishal paridrishy vala dharm hai ki usamean adim gram devataoan, bhoot-pishachi, sthaniy devi-devataoan, jha d-phooank, tantr-matr se lekar tridev evan any devataoan tatha nirakar brahm aur atyant goodh darshan tak- sabhi bina kisi antarvirodh ke samahit haian aur sthan evan vyakti vishesh ke anusar sabhi ki aradhana hoti hai. vastav mean hindoo dharm laghu evan mahanh paramparaoan ka uttam samanvay darshata hai. ek or isamean vaidik tatha puranakalin devi-devataoan ki pooja-archana hoti hai, to doosari or kapalik aur avadhootoan dvara bhi atyant bhayavah karmakaandiy aradhana ki jati hai. ek or bhakti ras se sarabor bhakt haian, to doosari or anishvar-anatmavadi aur yahaan tak ki nastik bhi dikhaee p d jate haian. dekha jay, to hindoo dharm sarvatha virodhi siddhantoan ka bhi uttam evan sahaj samanvay hai. yah hindoo dharmavalambiyoan ki udarata, sarvadharmasamabhav, samanvayashilata tatha dharmik sahishnuta ki shreshth bhavana ka hi parinam aur parichayak hai. [[chitr:Om.svg.png|thumb|left|250px|om]]

hindoo dharm ke srot

hindoo dharm ki paramparaoan ka adhyayan karane hetu hazaroan varsh pichhe vaidik kal par drishtipat karana hoga. hindoo dharm ki paramparaoan ka mool ved hi haian. vaidik dharm prakriti-poojak, bahudevavadi tatha anushthanaparak dharm tha. yadyapi us kal mean pratyek bhautik tattv ka apana vishesh adhishthatri devata ya devi ki manyata prachalit thi, parantu devataoan mean varun, poosha, mitr, savita, soory, ashvin, usha, indr, rudr, parjany, agni, vrihaspati, som adi pramukh the. in devataoan ki aradhana yajn tatha mantrochcharan ke madhyam se ki jati thi. mandir tatha moorti pooja ka abhav tha. upanishad kal mean hindoo dharm ke darshanik paksh ka vikas hua. sath hi ekeshvaravad ki avadharana balavati huee. eeshvar ko ajar-amar, anadi, sarvatravyapi kaha gaya. isi samay yog, saankhy, vedaant adi shad darshanoan ka vikas hua. nirgun tatha sagun ki bhi avadharanaean utpann huee. nauanvian se chaudahavian shatabdi ke madhy vibhinn puranoan ki rachana huee. puranoan mean paanch vishayoan (panch lakshan) ka varnan hai-

1. sarg (jagat ki srishti),
2. pratisarg (srishti ka vistar, lop evan pun: srishti),
3. vansh (rajaoan ki vanshavali),
4. manvantar (bhinn-bhinn manuoan ke kal ki pramukh ghatanaean) tatha
5. vanshanucharit (any gauravapoorn rajavanshoan ka vistrit vivaran).

is prakar puranoan mean madhy yugin dharm, jnan-vijnan tatha itihas ka varnan milata hai. puranoan ne hi hindoo dharm mean avataravad ki avadharana ka sootrapat kiya. isake alava moortipooja, tirthayatra, vrat adi isi kal ke den haian. puranoan ke pashchath bhaktikal ka agaman hota hai, jisamean vibhinn santoan evan bhaktoan ne sakar eeshvar ki aradhana par zor diya tatha janaseva, paropakar aur prani matr ki samanata evan seva ko eeshvar aradhana ka hi roop bataya. phalasvaroop prachin durooh karmakaandoan ke bandhan kuchh dhile p d gaye. dakshin bharat ke alavar santoan, gujarat mean narasi mehata, maharashtr mean tukaram, pashchim bangal mean chaitany mahaprabhu, uttar bharat mean tulasi, kabir, soor aur guru nanak ke bhakti bhav se ot-prot bhajanoan ne janamanas par apani amit chhap chho di.

hindoo dharm ki avadharanaean evan paramparaean

hindoo dharm ki pramukh avadharanaean nimnalikhit haian-

• brahm- brahm ko sarvavyapi, ekamatr satta, nirgun tatha sarvashaktiman mana gaya hai. vastav mean yah ekeshvaravad ke 'ekoahan, dvitiyo nasti' (arthath ek hi hai, doosara koee nahian) ke 'parabrahm' haian, jo ajar, amar, anant aur is jagat ka janmadata, palanahara v kalyanakarta hai.
• atma- brahm ko sarvavyapi mana gaya hai at: jivoan mean bhi usaka aansh vidyaman hai. jivoan mean vidyaman brahm ka yah ashan hi atma kahalati hai, jo jiv ki mrityu ke bavajood samapt nahian hoti aur kisi navin deh ko dharan kar leti hai. aantat: moksh prapti ke pashchath vah brahm mean lin ho jati hai.
• punarjanm- atma ke amaratv ki avadharana se hi punarjanm ki bhi avadharana pusht hoti hai. ek jiv ki mrityu ke pashchath usaki atma nayi deh dharan karati hai arthath usaka punarjanm hota hai. is prakar deh atma ka madhyam matr hai.
• yoni- atma ke pratyek janm dvara prapt jiv roop ko yoni kahate haian. aisi 84 karo d yoniyoan ki kalpana ki gee hai, jisamean kit-patange, pashu-pakshi, vriksh aur manav adi sabhi shamil haian. yoni ko adhunik vaijnanik bhasha mean jaiv prajatiyaan kah sakate haian.
• karmaphal- pratyek janm ke dauran jivan bhar kiye gaye krityoan ka phal atma ko agale janm mean bhugatana p data hai. achchhe karmoan ke phalasvaroop achchhi yoni mean janm hota hai. is drishti se manushy sarvashreshth yoni hai. parantu karmaphal ka aantim lakshy moksh prapti arthath atma ka brahmalin ho jana hi hai.
• svarg-narak- ye karmaphal se sambandhit do lok haian. svarg mean devi-devata atyant aisho-aram ki zindagi vyatit karate haian, jabaki narak atyant kashtadayak, aandhakaramay aur nikrisht hai. achchhe karm karane vala prani mrityuparaant svarg mean aur bure karm karane vala narak mean sthan pata hai.

[[chitr:Hindu-Swastika.jpg|thumb|250px|svastik]]

• moksh- moksh ka tatpary hai- atma ka jivan-maran ke dushchakr se mukt ho jana arthath paramabrahm mean lin ho jana. isake lie nirvikar bhav se satkarm karana aur eeshvar ki aradhana avashyak hai.
• char yug- hindoo dharm mean kal (samay) ko chakriy mana gaya hai. is prakar ek kalachakr mean char yug-krit (saty), sat treta, dvapar tatha kali-mane gaye haian. in charoan yugoan mean krit sarvashreshth aur kali nikrishtatam mana gaya hai. in charoan yugoan mean manushy ki sharirik aur naitik shakti kramash: kshin hoti jati hai. charoan yugoan ko milakar ek mahayug banata hai, jisaki avadhi 43,20,000 varsh hoti hai, jisake aant mean prithvi par mahapralay hota hai. tatpashchath srishti ki navin rachana shuroo hoti hai.
• char varn- hindoo samaj char varnoan mean vibhajit hai- brahman, kshatriy, vaishy tatha shoodr. ye char varn prarambh mean karm ke adhar par vibhajit the. brahman ka kartavy vidyarjan, shikshan, poojan, karmakaand sampadan adi hai, kshatriy ka dharmanusar shasan karana tatha desh v dharm ki raksha hetu yuddh karana, vaishyoan ka krishi evan vyapar dvara samaj ki arthik avashyakataean poorn karana tatha shoodroan ka any tin varnoan ki seva karana evan any zarooratean poori karana. kalaantar mean varn vyavastha jatil hoti gee aur yah vanshanugat tatha shoshanaparak ho gee. shoodroan ko achhoot mana jane laga. bad mean vibhinn varnoan ke bich daihik sambandhoan se any madhyavarti jatiyoan ka janm hua. vartaman mean jati vyavastha atyant vikrit roop mean drishtigochar hoti hai.
• char ashram- prachin hindoo sanhitaean manav jivan ko 100 varsh ki ayu vala manate hue use char charanoan arthath ashramoan mean vibhajit karati haian- brahmachary, grihasth, vanaprasth aur sannyas. pratyek ki sanbhavit avadhi 25 varsh mani gee. brahmachary ashram mean vyakti guru ashram mean jakar vidyadhyayan karata hai, grihasth ashram mean vivah, santanotpatti, arthoparjan, dan tatha any bhog vilas karata hai, vanaprasth mean vyakti dhire-dhire sansarik uttaradayitv apane putroan ko sauanp kar unase virakt hota jata hai aur antat: sannyas ashram mean grih tyagakar nirvikar hokar eeshvar ki upasana mean lin ho jata hai.
• char purusharth- dharm, arth, kam aur moksh- ye char purusharth hi jivan ke vaanchhit uddeshy haian upayukt achar-vyavahar aur kartavy parayanata hi dharm hai, apani bauddhik evan sharirik kshamatanusar parishram dvara dhan kamana aur unaka uchit tarike se upabhog karana arth hai, sharirik anand bhog hi kam hai tatha dharmanusar acharan karake jivan-maran se mukti prapt kar lena hi moksh hai. dharm vyakti ka jivan bhar margadarshak hota hai, jabaki arth aur kam grihasthashram ke do mukhy kary haian aur moksh sampoorn jivan ka aanti lakshy.
• char yog- jnanayog, bhaktiyog, karmayog tatha rajayog- ye char yog haian, jo atma ko brahm se jo dane ke marg haian. jahaan jnan yog darshanik evan tarkik vidhi ka anusaran karata hai, vahian bhaktiyog atmasamarpan aur seva bhav ka, karmayog samaj ke din dukhiyoan ki seva ka tatha rajayog sharirik evan manasik sadhana ka anusaran karata hai. ye charoan paraspar virodhi nahian, balki sahayak aur poorak haian.
• char dham- uttar, dakshin, poorv aur pashchim- charoan dishaoan mean sthit char hindoo dham kramash: badrinath, rameshvaramh, jagannathapuri aur dvaraka haian, jahaan ki yatra pratyek hindoo ka punit kartavy hai.
• pramukh dharmagranth- hindoo dharm ke pramukh granth haian- char ved (rrigved, samaved, yajurved aur atharvaved) terah upanishad, atharah puran, ramayan, mahabharat, gita, ramacharitamanas adi. isake alava anek kathaean, anushthan granth adi bhi haian.

solah sanskar

manushy ke janm se lekar mrityu tak solah athava satrah pavitr sanskar sampann kiye jate haian-

1. garbhadhan
2. puansavan (garbh ke tisare mah tejasvi putr prapti hetu kiya gaya sanskar),
3. simontonnayan (garbh ke chauthe mahine garbhini stri ke sukh aur saantvana hetu),
4. jatakarm (janm ke samay)
5. namakaran
6. nishkraman (bachche ka sarvapratham ghar se bahar lana),
7. annaprashan (paanch mahine ki ayu mean sarvapratham ann grahan karavana),
8. choo dakaran (muandan)
9. karnachhedan
10. upanayan (yajnopavit dharan evan guru ashram ko prasthan)
11. keshant athava gaudan (dadhi ko sarvapratham katana)
12. samavartan (shiksha samapt kar grih ko vapasi)
13. vivah
14. vanaprasth
15. sannyas
16. antyeshti

is prakar hindoo dharm ki vividhata, jatilata evan bahu ayami pravritti spasht hai. isamean anek darshanikoan ne alag-alag prakar se eeshvar evan saty ko samajhane ka prayas kiya, phalasvaroop anek darshanik matoan ka pradurbhav hua.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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