अक्साई चिन
aksaee chin
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| vivaran | 'aksaee chin' hiandukush tatha karakoram parvatashreniyoan mean sthit vichchhinn, banjar aur adhikaanshat: anivasy maidan hai. yah kshetr jammoo aur kashmir ke kul kshetraphal ke paanchavean bhag ke barabar hai. |
| sthiti | bharatiy upamahadvip ke uttari chhor par. |
| ooanchaee | 17 hazar phit |
| vishesh | 1960 mean bharat aur chin ke bich sima varta mean aksaee chin par charcha huee thi. 1962 mean bharat-chin sangharsh ke dauran yahaan laddakh mean bhari l daee l di gee. |
| any janakari | aksaee chin ke bhaugolik halat aise haian ki yahaan iansan rah nahian sakata. yah kshetr bharat ke jammoo-kashmir se tatha chin ke jinajiyaang praant se sata hua hai. |
aksaee chin athava 'aksechin' (aangrezi: Aksai Chin) bharatiy upamahadvip ke uttari chhor par hiandukush tatha karakoram parvatashreniyoan mean sthit vichchhinn, banjar aur adhikaanshat: anivasy maidan hai. laddakh ke ek hisse ke roop mean svikrit yah sthan bhaugolik roop se tibbat ke pathar ka vistar hai. chini log ise "safed pattharoan ka registan" kahate haian.
aitihasikata
aitihasik roop se aksaee chin bharat ko resham marg se jo dane ka zariya tha aur bharat hazaroan sal se madhy eshiya ke poorvi ilakoan, jinhean turkistan bhi kaha jata hai, aur bharat ke bich sanskriti, bhasha aur vyapar ka rasta raha hai. bharat se turkistan ka vyapar marg laddakh aur aksaee chin ke raste se hote hue kashgar shahar jaya karata tha. varsh 1950 ke dashak se yah kshetr chin ke qabze mean hai. bharat barabar is par apane dave ki pushti karata raha hai aur ise jammoo aur kashmir ka uttar-poorvi hissa manata hai. aksaee chin jammoo aur kashmir ke kul kshetraphal ke paanchavean bhag ke barabar hai. chin ne ise prashasanik roop se shinajiyaang praant ke kashgar vibhag ke kargilik zile ka hissa banaya hai. 1960 mean bharat aur chin ke bich sima varta mean aksaee chin par charcha huee thi aur 1962 mean bharat-chin sangharsh ke dauran yahaan laddakh mean bhari l daee huee thi.
namakaran
aksaee chin ka nam ueegur bhasha se aya hai, jo ek turki bhasha hai. ueegur mean 'aq' ka arth 'safed' hota hai aur 'saee' ka arth 'ghati' ya 'nadi ki vadi'. ueegur ka ek aur shabd 'choal' hai, jisaka arth hai 'virana' ya 'registan', jisaka purani khitani bhasha mean roop 'chin' tha. 'aksaee chin' ke nam ka arth 'safed patharili ghati ka registan' nikalata hai. chin ki sarakar is kshetr par adhikar jatalane ke lie 'chin' ka arth 'chin ka safed registan' nikalati hai, lekin any log is par vivad rakhate haian.
bhaugolik dashaean
17 hazar phit ki ooanchaee par aksaee chin ke bhaugolik halat aise haian ki yahaan iansan rah nahian sakata. yah kshetr bharat ke jammoo-kashmir se tatha chin ke jinajiyaang praant se sata hua hai. isi aksaee chin se hokar gujarata hai jinajiyaang-tibbat haive. yah s dak chin ki hai, jo is ilake mean chin ke adhipaty ki kahani likhati hai. aksaee chin ka ye ilaka darasal sadiyoan purana vyaparik rasta bhi hai. maujooda daur mean yahaan chin ka kabza hai.[1]
sarahadi vivad
bharat aur chin sarahad ke mudde par ek-doosare par bharosa nahian kar pate. donoan mulk bar-bar batachit ke bavajood kisi ek rekha ko apani sarahad manane ko taiyar nahian hote. donoan deshoan ke bich kee-kee bar nakshe par sarahad ki lakirean khianchi gee haian, lekin kabhi aksaee chin to kabhi arunachal pradesh ya sikkim ka mudda in lakiroan ko ne vivad mean la deta hai. is vivad ki j d kafi pahale 1834 ee. mean hi p d gee thi. bharat ka kahana hai ki chin ne jammoo-kashmir ki 41180 varg kilomitar zamin par gair qanooni kabza kar rakha hai. isamean 5180 varg kilomitar aksaee chin ka laddakhi kshetr hai. chin, sima ka nirdharan karane vali 'maikamohan rekha' ko nahian manata. vah arunachal pradesh ki 90 hazar varg kilomitar zamin par bhi apana dava karata raha hai.
bharat-chin sima vivad ki j d saloan pahale p di thian. ye san 1834 ee. ka samay tha. panjab mean sikkhoan ka raj tha. 1834 mean ve laddakh tak ja pahuanche the aur laddakh ko jammoo mean milane ka ailan kar diya. sikkhoan ki phauj ne bakayada tibbat par hamala kar diya, lekin chin ki senaoan ne unhean hara diya aur khade date hue laddakh aur leh par kabza kar liya. sikkh aur chiniyoan ke bich 1842 ee. mean ek samajhauta hua, jisamean tay hua ki ek-doosare ki simaoan ka ullanghan nahian kiya jaega. varsh 1846 ee. mean sikkhoan ko aangrezoan dvara bhi parajay jhelani p di aur laddakh par british raj kayam ho gaya. unhoanne chin ke adhikariyoan se milakar sarahad ka mudda sulajhane ki koshish ki. tay hua ki prakritik chinhoan ke jarie hi sarahad tay ki jaegi aur sima par ba d ki zaroorat nahian hai. yahian se asali sarahad gayab ho gee aur kee lakiroan mean donoan desh ulajh kar rah ge.[1]
sima rekhaean
- nakshe par bani sarahad ki pahali lakir 'j aaunasan rekha' hai. 1865 mean sarve aauf iandiya ke aphasar dabloo ech j aaunasan ne ek dimagi rekha khianchi, jisake anusar aksaee chin ka ilaka jammoo-kashmir mean ata hai. j aaunasan ne nakshe par ukeri ye rekha jammoo-kashmir ke maharaja ko dikhaee. lekin j aaunasan ke kam ki alochana huee. use british raj ne naukari se nikal diya, chin ne kabhi ise nahian mana aur bharat ne hamesha apanaya.
- nakshe par bani sarahad ki doosari lakir 'j aau़nasan-aradag rekha' hai. 1897 mean british phauj ke aphasar sar j aaun aradag ne kunalun paha doan se gujarati huee ek aur sarahad khianchi. ye vo daur tha, jab british raj ko roos ke badhate prabhutv se khatara lagane laga tha. chin kamazor tha. aradag ne british raj ko samajhaya ki ye sarahad phayademand hogi, lekin ye lakir sirph kitaboan tak rah gee.
- nakshe par bani sarahad ki tisari lakir 'maikkartani-maikd aaunald rekha' hai. 1890 mean briten aur chin dost ban ge. briten ko chianta sata rahi thi ki kahian aksaee chin ka ilaka roos n kabza le. 1899 mean chin ne aksaee chin ke ilake mean dilachaspi dikhaee, isilie briten ne sarahad mean badalav ka irada banaya. ye badalav sujhaya j aaurj maikakartani ne aur aksaee chin ka jyadatar ilaka chin mean dal diya. chin ne is par khamoshi laga li, british raj ne ise chin ki sahamati samajh liya. ye rekha hi maujooda vastavik niyantran rekha hai.
- nakshe par bani saraharad ki chauthi lakir 'maikamohan rekha' hai. 1913-1914 mean briten, chin aur tibbat ke pratinidhi shimala mean mile aur sarahad par batean hueean. british aphasar henari maikamohan ne samajhaute ke sath ek naksha pesh kiya, jo tibbat aur bharat ki poorvi sarahad tay kar raha tha. chin ko ye manjoor nahian hua, vah samajhaute ke lie taiyar n hua. maikamohan rekha ka adhar himalay tha, himalay ke dakshini hisse bharat se jo de ge.[1]
1947 ke bad ki sthiti
1947 mean bharat ki azadi ke bad se hi sarakar ne j aaunasan rekha ko hi adhikarik sarahad mana, jisamean aksaee chin bharat ka hissa tha. udhar, chin ne jinajiyaang aur pashchimi tibbat ko jo dane vala 1200 kilomitar lanba haive bana dala. isaka 179 kilomitar ka hissa j aaunasan rekha ke dakshini hisse ko katate hue aksaee chin se hokar gujarata tha. 1957 tak to bharat ko ye tak pata nahian chal saka ki chin ne aksaee chin ke isi vivadit hisse mean s dak tak bana li hai. 1958 mean chin ke nakshe mean pahali bar ye s dak prakat huee. bharat aur chin ke bich sarahad ke jhag de ka doosara morcha hai bharat ke poorvottar mean. ye vo ilaka hai, jahaan se kalpanik maikamohan rekha gujarati hai aur donoan mulkoan ko alag karati hai. nakshe par ukeri gee yahi lakir darasal 1996 mean elesi yani vastavik niyantran rekha ke taur par dekhi gee, jise bharat chin ke sath apani sarahad manata hai. pahale is ilake ko n aaurth eest phrantiyar ejeansi kaha jata tha, yani aj ka arunachal pradesh. lekin chin arunachal pradesh ko bhi apana ilaka karar deta hai aur sikkim mean bhi dakhalandaji karata rahata hai. 1962 mean isi ilake mean bharat-chin ki jang bhi huee thi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 chin ne sikhoan ko harakar hathiyae laddakh-leh (hindi) aeebien khabar. abhigaman tithi: 05 joon, 2015.
sanbandhit lekh