अरब सागर
arab sagar
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| vivaran | arab sagar hind mahasagar ka pashchimottar bhag hai aur yoorop v bharat ke bich mukhy samudri marg ke ek hisse ko nirmit karata hai. |
| desh | bharat, pakistan aur eeran |
| adhikatam gaharaee | 4,652 mitar |
| adhikatam chau daee | 2,400 kilomitar |
| kshetraphal | lagabhag 38,62,000 varg kilomitar |
| googal manachitr | googal manachitr |
| any janakari | madhyakal ke araboan ke lie arab sagar bharat ka sagar athava 'mahan sagar' ka ek bhag tha, jisamean se chhoti kha diyaan, jaise faris ka samudr (faras ki kha di) ya kolazam ka samudr (lal sagar), alag pahachan rakhati thian. |
arab sagar (aangrezi:Arabian Sea) hind mahasagar ka pashchimottar bhag, lagabhag 38,62,000 varg kilomitar kshetraphal mean phaila hua hai aur yoorop v bharat ke bich mukhy samudri marg ke ek hisse ko nirmit karata hai. yah pashchim mean afrika antarip aur arab prayadvip se, uttar mean eeran aur pakistan, poorv mean bharat aur dakshin ki or hind mahasagar ke shesh bhag se ghira hua hai. oman ki kha di uttar mean sagar ko faras ki kha di se h aauramuz jaladamaroomadhy ke madhyam se jo dati hai. pashchim mean adan ki kha di use bab el–mandeb jaladamaroomadhy ke madhyam se lal sagar se jo dati hai. isaki ausat gaharaee 2,734 mitar hai. roman kal mean isaka nam mer erithreiyam (erithreiyan sagar) tha.
bharat, eeran aur pakistan ke alava oman saltanat, yaman aur somaliya sagar ke asapas sthit rajanitik ikaiyaan haian. sagar ke dvipoan mean sokotra (yaman ka ek bhag) afriki h aaurn ke nikat, oman ke tat ke nikat kuriya muriya dvip aur lakshadvip.[1] lakshadvip bharat ke dakshin–pashchim (malabar) tat se 160 aur 400 kimi ke bich sthit mooange ke praval dvipoan ka samooh hai. siandhu nadi is sagar mean p dane vali pramukh nadi hai.
bhautik lakshan
arab sagar ke adhikaansh bhag ki gaharaee 2,987 mitar se adhik hai aur isake madhy mean koee dvip nahian hai. pakistan v bharat ke tat ke nikat ko chho dakar, gahara pani poorvottar mean kinaroan ki bhoomi ke pas tak hai. dakshin–poorv mean, jo hind mahasagar mean dakshin ki or badhata hai aur jahaan par vah pani ki satah se oopar uthakar maladiv ke pravaladvip ko nirmit karata hai. sagar ke pashchimi bhag ki or lagabhag 113 kimi lamba v lagabhag 3,626 varg kimi kshetraphal vala sokotra ka pathari dvip afriki h aaurn ka ekadvipiy vistar hai aur gvardaphuee antarip se 257 kimi poorv mean hai.
antahsagariy akriti evan bhoo–vijnan
arab sagar vigat 1,500 lakh varshoan (mesozoik aur sinozoik yugoan) mean hi nirmit hua hai. jab bharatiy upamahadvip uttar ki or badha aur eshiya se takaraya tha. sokotra se dakshin ki or jalamagn karlsabarg katak hai, jo ki hind mahasagar mean bhookampiy gatividhi ke kshetr se milata hai. jo arab sagar ko do mukhy besinoan, poorv ki or arab besin aur pashchim ki or somali besin mean baantata hai. sagar ki adhikatam gaharaee 5,803 mitar vhitale gart mean hai. karlsabarg katak ek madhyavarti ghati dvara lambaee mean vibhajit hai, jo samudr ki satah ke niche 3,596 mitar ki gaharaee tak pahuanchati hai. adan ki kha di ke tatiy kagar rift bhranshoan se bane haian, jo ki dakshin–pashchim ki or abhisarit hokar poorvi athava gret rift vaili ke simaant kagaroan ke roop mean afrika tak jate haian aur poorvi afriki rift pranali ka ek hissa hai, arab besin oman ki kha di ke besin se, ek sankare, bhookamp sakriy jalamagn marre katak dvara vibhajit hai, jo ki poorvottar se dakshin–pashchim mean vistrit hokar karlsabarg se milata hai. marre katak ke pashchim mean maliyan ka dabit kshetr hai. jahaan par samudr tal nikatavarti mahadvipiy patal ke niche dhans jata hai. thumb|arab sagar ka manachitr|left siandhu nadi ke dvara ek gahari jalamagn khaee kati gee hai, jisane 861 kimi chau de v 1,496 kimi lambe gahare sagar ka saghan apashisht shanku bhi nikshepit kiya hai. yah shanku aur isake pas hi arab besin mean gahare pani ka ek samatal maidan arab sagar ke adhikaansh poorvottar samatal par phaile haian. somali tat ke poorv mean somali besin gahare pani ka doosara samatal maidan banata hai.
mahadvipiy kagar arab prayadvip tat par sankara hai aur somali tat ke kinare aur bhi sankara hai. arab tat ke asapas koee vastavik praval–bhittiyaan nahian paee jati haian. al–had (arab prayadvip ki poorvi agrabhoomi) antarip ke pas ke nikshepoan mean, jahaan garmiyoan mean gahara pani oopar a jat hai, uchch jaivik padarth vale haidrojan salfaid yukt hari mitti hai. yah kshetr, jisamean machhaliyoan ke kee avashesh haian, machhaliyoan ki qabragah kahalata hai. mahadvipiy kagar ke adhikaansh bhag par 2,743 mitar ki gaharaee tak bhoo–vyutpann nikshep phaile haian. isake niche, nikshep globijeraina (foraminiferida varg ke protojoa ka ek vansh) ke choone se bane avaranoan se nirmit haian, jabaki 3,962 mitar ke niche ke besin lal mitti se dhanke haian. sv–sthanak (usi jagah par nirmit) fairomaianganiz pind somali aur arab besinoan mean pae ge haian tatha karlsabarg katak ke asapas p aaulimaitelik salfaid pae ge haian. nikshep ki motaee uttar mean 2,499 mitar se arab besin ke dakshin mean lagabhag 489 mitar tak ghatati hai.
jalavayu evan jal vijnan
thumb|250px|arab sagar ka drishy arab sagar ki jalavayu m aaunasooni hai. madhy arab sagar mean janavari v faravari mean samudr ki satah ke nikat hava ka nyoonatam tapaman lagabhag 24º se 25º se. rahata hai, jabaki joon aur navambar mean 28º se. se adhik tapaman rahata hai. dakshin–pashchim m aaunasooni havaean chalane ke dauran varsha rritu (aprail se navambar) mean sagar se oopari 46 mitar mean lavanata prati hazar 36 bhag se kam darj ki gee hai. jabaki sookhe ke mausam ke dauran (navambar se march), jab poorvottar m aaunasooni havaean chalati haian, prati hazar 36 bhag se adhik ki lavanata somali tat ke alava 5º uttari akshaansh ke samooche arab sagar ki uttari satah par darj ki gee hai. chooanki vashpan varsha v nadiyoan ke nivesh ke yog se adhik hota hai, sagar prativarsh pani ki matra mean hani darshata hai.
jatil somali dhara, jo sokotra ke tat ke nikat lagabhag sat samudri mil ki gati pak d leti hai aur ek dakshinavart sancharan tantr ka bhag ban jati hai, jo garmiyoan mean poorvottar mean arab tat ke sath aur phir dakshin ki or bharat ke tat ke sath 10º uttar tak nirantar bahati hai. us jagah par dakshin–pashchimi m aaunasoon dhara mean vilayit ho jati hai, jo 5º aur 10º uttar ke bich poorv ki or bahati hai. somali aur arab tatoan par garmiyoan mean gahare pani ka oopar uthana saf–saf drishtigochar hota hai. somali dhara dhima p dakar poorvottar m aaunasoon (sardiyoan ke) ke samay viparit disha mean bahati hai. uttari hind mahasagar ke oopari 914 mitar mean pahachane ge paanch jal pindoan mean se tin ka uday kramashah lal sagar, faras ki kha di aur arab sagar se paya gaya hai. in jal pindoan ke pravah ke marg dakshin v poorv ki or haian.
arthik pahaloo
isake kuchh arthik pahaloo bhi hai.
sansadhan
akarbanik pushtikarakoan, jaise saandrit f aausfet ke uchch star, jo ki prachur matra mean machhaliyoan ka utpadan karat haian, pashchimi arab sagar mean aur arab prayadvip ke dakshin–poorvi tat ke nikat dekhe ge haian. prakash–bhedan kshetr (prakash ka kshetr, jo samudr ke oopari 137 mitar mean paya jata hai) mean maujood yah poshanakari prabhav nishchit roop se kuchh had tak tat par pani ke oopar uthane ke karan hai, jo samudr tal par jame poshanakarakoan ko sancharit kar deta hai. arab sagar mean rahane vali telapavarti machhaliyoan[2] mean tyoona, sardin, bilafish[3], vahoo[4], shark, laianset fish[5] aur moon fish[6] shamil hai.
arab sagar ki ek avarti ghatana machhaliyoan ka b de paimane par mar jana hai. is ghatana ka karan ushnakatibandhiy pani ki ek aandarooni satah hai, jisamean aauksijan kam kafi kam hai, kintu f aausfet ki prachurata hai. kuchh paristhitiyoan mean yah parat oopar uthati hai, jisake parinamasvaroop aauksijan ki kami se machhaliyoan ki mrityu ho jati hai. arab sagar mean chhote, lekin gahan paimane par, visheshakar afrika aur arab sagar prayadvip ke poorvi tat ke nikat machhali ka, vistrit shikar kiya jata hai. in prakriyaoan mean pe d ke tane se khodi gee ulandi doangiyoan, dhov(pal nauka) aur any chhoti navoan ka prayog kiya jata hai. vyavasayik uddeshyoan ke lie b di navoan se bhi machhaliyaan pak di jati haian. bharat, pakistan, shrilanka, eeran, oman, yaman, fraans, sanyukt arab amirat, dakshin koriya aur maladiv machhali pak dane vale pramukh desh haian.
parivahan
thumb|250px|arab sagar lal sagar (svez nahar samet) aur faras ki kha di ke samaksh anukool sthiti ke karan arab sagar mean vishv ke kuchh vyastatam samudri marg haian aur inhian do vistaroan se pramukh marg nikalate haian. faras ki kha di ka nau parivahan mukhyatah taiankaroan se hota hai, jinamean se kuchh atyadhik kshamata vale hote haian aur poorvi eshiya, yoorop aur uttar v dakshin ameriki ke gantavyoan tak pahuanchane ke lie arab sagar mean chalate haian. 'svez nahar–lal sagar marg' ka istemal mukhyatah samany malavahak potoan ke dvara dakshin, dakshin–poorv aur poorvi eshiya pahuanchane ke lie kiya jata hai. sagar tat ke deshoan ke kam ane vale kee bandaragah haian. inamean sarvadhik b de bandaragahoan mean, pakistan mean muhammad bin qasim aur karachi tatha bharat mean mumbee (samany mal) aur marmoogav (loh ayask) ate haian.
adhyayan evan anusandhan
madhyakal kal ke araboan ke lie arab sagar bharat ka sagar athava 'mahan sagar' ka ek bhag tha, jisamean se chhoti kha diyaan, jaise faris ka samudr (faras ki kha di) ya kolazam ka samudr (lal sagar), alag pahachan rakhati thian. lagabhag athavian ya nauvian shatabdi se arab aur farasi samudri yatriyoan ne grishm rrituoan ki m aaunasooni havaoan ke dvara prerit satah ki dharaoan ka upayog karana sikha. dakshini arabi, poorv afriki aur lal sagar ke bandaragahoan aur sath hi bharat, maleshiya aur chin ke bandaragahoan ke bich yatra karane ke lie vrihad nausanchalan nirdesh oman aur dakshini arab ke hadramaut ilaqe ke navikoan ke dvara nauvian aur pandrahavian shatabdi ke bich lekhabaddh kie ge. inamean se kuchh, jo farasi rahamaang (margoan ki pustakean) mean shamil haian. tatoan, sampark margoan aur dvipoan ke vivaran ke sath hi havaoan, dharaoan, dhvaniyoan aur taroan ki madad se nausanchalan ki mahattvapoorn janakari dete haian. inamean varnit samriddh madhyakalin bandaragahoan mean bharat mean div aur soorat, faras mean h aauramuz aur arab prayadvip mean maskat aur adan, arab prayadvip dakshin–poorvi tat par al–had aur madrakah antarip, donoan, aur somaliya mean afriki h aaurn ka antarip gvardaphuee antarip varnit bhoo–chihnoan mean haian. 20vian shatabdi mean arab sagar ka adhyayan kee sagariy abhiyanoan ke madhyam mean kiya gaya hai, jinamean sarvadhik mahattvapoorn 1933-34 ko 'mabahis' ya 'j aaun marre' abhiyan raha hai, jisane jal sarvekshan, rasayan vijnan, dharaoan, jal pindoan, tal ke uchchavach aur nikshepoan ke bare mean janakariyaan dian. bahut si janakari antarrashtriy hind mahasagar abhiyan (1960-65) ke dauran prapt ki geean, jisamean british, amerika, soviyat aur jarman jahazoan ne bhag liya aur dharaoan, jaiviy utpadakata, bhookamp vijnan aur bhaumiki ka adhyayan kiya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ bharat ka ek sangh shasit pradesh, jo lakkadiv, minikay aur aminadivi dvipoan se bana hai.
- ↑ jo tat se door samudr mean satah ke nikat rahati haian.
- ↑ ek prajati, jisaki ek lambi, tikhi choanch ya thoothan hoti hai
- ↑ tezi se tairane vali ek b di shikari machhali
- ↑ ek b di prajati, jisake ari jaise daant hote haian
- ↑ dhansi chhati aur patale sharir vali ek rupahali machhali
sanbandhit lekh