अर्थालंकार
jis alankar mean arth ke madhyam se kavy mean chamatkar utpann hota hai, vahaan arthalankar hota hai. isake pramukh bhed haian.
upama
jahaan ek vastu ya prani ki tulana atyant sadrishy ke karan prasiddh vastu ya prani se ki jae, vahaan upama alankar hota hai. upama alankar ke char tatv hote haian-
upamey - jisaki upama di jae arthath jisaka varnan ho raha hai.
upaman - jisase upama di jae.
sadharan dharm - upamey tatha upaman mean paya jane vala parampar saman gun.
vachak shabd - upamey aur upaman mean samanata prakat karane vala shabd jaise- jyoan, sam, sa, si, tuly, naee.
- udaharan
naval sundar shyam-sharir ki,
sajal nirad-si kal kanti thi.
is udaharan ka vishleshan is prakar hoga. kanti- upamey, nirad- upaman, kal- sadharan dharm, si- vachak shabd
roopak
jahaan gun ki atyant samanata ke karan upamey mean upaman ka abhed aropan ho, vahaan roopak alankar hota hai.
- jaise
maiya maian to chandr khilauna laihoan.
- yahaan chandrama (upamey) mean khilauna (upaman) ka arop hone se roopak alankar hota hai.
utpreksha
jahaan samanata ke karan upamey mean sanbhavana ya kalpana ki jae vahaan utpreksha alankar hota hai. mano, manu, manahu, jano, janu, janahu adi isake bodhak shabd haian.
- jaise
kahati huee yoan uttara ke netr jal se bhar ge.
him ke karnoan se poorn mano ho ge pankaj ne॥
- yahaan uttara ke ashrupoorn netroan (upamey) mean os-kan yukt pankaj (upaman) ki sanbhavana ki gee hai.
upameyopama
upamey aur upaman ko paraspar upaman aur upamey banane ki prakriya ko upameyopama kahate haian.
atishayokti
jahaan upamey ka varnan lok sima se badhakar kiya jae vahaan atishayokti alankar hota hai.
- jaise
age nadiya p di apar, gho da kaise utare par.
rana ne socha is par, tab tak chetak tha us par.
- yahaan sochane ki kriya ki poorti hone se pahale hi gho de ka nadi ke par pahuanchana lok-sima ka atikraman hai, atah atishayokti alankar hai.
ullekh
jahaan ek vastu ka varnan anek prakar se kiya jae, vahaan ullekh alankar hota hai.
- jaise
too roop hai kiran mean, saundary hai suman mean,
too pran hai kiran mean, vistar hai gagan mean.
virodhabhas
jahaan virodh n hote hue bhi virodh ka abhas diya jae, vahaan virodhabhas alankar hota hai.
- jaise
bain suny jabatean madhur,
tabatean sunat n bain.
- yahaan 'bain suny' aur 'sunat n bain' mean virodh dikhaee p data hai jabaki donoan mean vastavik virodh nahian hai.
drishtant
jahaan upamey aur upaman tatha unake sadharan dharmoan mean bimb-pratibimb bhav ho, drishtant alankar hota hai.
- jaise
sukh-dukh ke madhur milan se yah jivan ho paripooran.
phir ghan mean ojhal ho shashi, phir shashi mean ojhal ho ghan.
- yahaan sukh-dukh aur shashi tatha ghan mean bimb-pratibimb bhav hai.
alankar | lakshan\pahachan chihn | udaharan\ tippani |
---|---|---|
upama | bhinn padarthoan ka sadrishy pratipadan upama ke char aang- upamey\ prastut- jisaki upama di jay. |
udaharan:- naval sundar shyam-sharir ki, sajal nirad-si kal kanti thi. |
poornopama | jisamean upama ke charoan aang maujood hoan | mukh chandr-sa sundar hai. |
luptopama | jisamean upama ke ek, do, ya tin aang lupt (gayab) ho | mukh chandr- sa hai. |
pratip | upama ka ulta (prasiddh upaman ko upamey bana dena) | mukh- sa chandr hai. |
upameyopama | pratip + upama | mukh-sa chandr aur chandr- sa mukh hai. |
ananvay (n aanvay) | ek hi vastu ko upamey v upaman donoan kahana (jab upamey ki samata dene ke lie koee upaman nahian hota aur kaha jata hai usake saman vahi hai. | (1) mukh mukh hi sa hai. (2) ram se ram, siya si siya |
sandeh | upamey mean upaman ka sandeh | yah mukh hai ya chandr hai. |
utpreksha | upamey mean upaman ki sanbhavana (bodhak shabd- mano, manu, manahu, jano, janu, janahu) | mukh mano chandr hai. |
roopak | upamey mean upaman ka arop (nishedharahit) | mukh chandr hai. |
apahnuti | upamey mean upaman ka arop (nishedhasahit) | yah mukh nahian, chandr hai. |
atishayokti | upamey ko nigalakar upaman ke sath abhinnata pradarshit karana (jahaan bahut badha-chadhakar lok sima se bahar ki bat kahi jay) | yah chandr hai. |
ullekh | vishay bhed se ek vastu ka anek prakar se varnan (ullekh). | (1) usake mukh ko koee kamal, koee chandr kahata hai. (2) jaki rahi bhavana jaisi, prabhoo -moorati dekhi tin taisi. |
smaran | sadrish ya visadrish vastu ke pratyaksh se poorvanubhoot vastu ka smaran | chandr ko dekhakar mukh yad ata hai. |
bhraantiman\bhram | sadrishy ke karan ek vastu ko doosari vastu man lena. not: - bhraantiman alankar mean upamey v upaman ke sadrishy ka abhas, saty liya jata hai, parantu sandeh alankar mean duvidha (sandeh) bani rahati hai 'ye haian' ya 'vo hai. |
phirat gharan nootan pathik chale chakit chit bhagi. |
tulyayogita | anek prastutoan ya aprastutoan ka ek dharm mean sanbandh batana | apane tan ke jani kai, joban nripati prabin. |
dipak | prastut v aprastut donoan ka ek dharm mean sanbandh batana. | mukh aur chandr shobhate haian. |
prativastoopama | upamey v upaman vakyoan mean ek hi sadharan dharm ko vibhinn shabdoan se kahana | mukh ko dekhakar netr tript ho jate haian (upamey vaky) chandr darshan se kisaki aankhe nahian ju dati? (upaman vaky). |
drishtaant | upamey- upaman mean bimb- pratibimb bhav ( bhav- samy- ek hi ashay ki do bhinn abhivyakti) | usaka mukh nisarg sundar (prakritik roop se sundar) hai; chandrama ko prasadhan ki kya avashyakata? |
nidarshana | upamey ka gun upaman mean athava upaman ka gun upamey mean aropit hona | ravi sasi nakhat dipahian ohi joti. |
vyatirek | upaman ki apeksha upamey ka vyatirek yani utkarsh varnan | chandr sakalank, mukh nishkalank; donoan mean samata kaisi? |
sahokti | saharthak shabd ke bal se jahaan ek shabd se anek arth nikale (saharthak shabd sah, sang, sath, adi) | bhauanhani sang chadhaiyai, kar gahi chap manoj. |
vinokti | yadi koee vastu kisi any vastu ke bina ashobhan ya shobhan batayi jay | bina putr soona sadan, gat gun sooni deh. |
samasokti | prastut ke madhyam se aprastut ka varnan | chanp lata sukumar too, dhan tuv bhagy bisal. |
anyokti\ aprastut prashansa | samasokti ka ulta yani aprastut (pratikoan) ke madhyam se prastut ka varnan | nahian parag nahian madhur madhu, nahian vikas ihi kal. |
paryayokti | sidhe n kahakar ghuma-phirakar kahana | apane kaise kripa ki. isaka arth hai ap kis kam ke lie aye. |
vyajastuti (vyaj- ninda) | ninda se stuti ya stuti se ninda ki pratiti | udho tum ati chatur sujan |
parikar | yadi visheshan sabhipray ho | jano n nek vyatha par ki, balihari too pai sujan kahavat. |
parikarakuanr | yadi visheshy sabhipray ho | pyari kahat lajat nahian, pavas chalat vides॥ (biharilal) |
akshep | kisi vivakshit vastu ko bina kiye bich mean hi chho d dena. | apase kahana to bahut kuchh tha, par usase labh kya hoga. |
virodhabhas | virodh n hone par bhi virodh ka abhas | mithi lage aankhiyan lunaee. |
vibhavana | karan ke abhav mean kary ki utpatti ka varnan | binu pad chalai, sunai binu kana. kar binu karam karai vidhi nana॥ (tulasidas) |
visheshokti | karan ke rahate hue bhi kary | nainauan se sadaiv jal ki varsha hoti rahati hai, tab ka n hona bhi pyas nahian bujhati. |
asangati | karan aur kary mean sangati ka abhav (karan kahian aur, kary kahian aur) | drig urajhat tootat kutum (biharilal) |
visham | do bemel padarthoan ka sanbandh batana | ko kahi sake b den ki, lakhe b di hoo bhool. |
karanamala | ek ka doosara karan, doosare ka tisara karan batate jana | hot lobh te moh, mohahian te upaje garab. |
ekavali | poorv- poorv vastu ke prati par-par vastu ka visheshan roop se sthanapan ya nishedh | manush vahi jo ho guni, guni jo kobid roop. |
kavyaliang (liang- karan) | kisi kathan ka karan dena (pahachan chihn- jisamean kyoanki isalie, chooanki adi ki sahayata se arth kiya ja sake) | kanak-kanak te sau guni, madakata adhikay. |
sar | vastuoan ka uttarottar utkarsh varnan | ati ooanche giri, giri se bhi ooanche haripad hai. unase bhi ooanche sajjan ke hriday vishad haian॥ |
anuman | sadhan (pratyaksh) ke dvara sadhy (apratyaksh) ka chamatkarapoorn varnan | mohi karat kat bavari, kiye doorav durai n. |
yathasankhy\kram | kuchh padarthoan ka ullekh karake usi kram (silasile) se unase sanbaddh any padarthoan, karyoan ya gunoan ka varnan karana | mani manik mukata chhabi jaisi. |
arthapatti | ek bat se doosari bat ka svatah siddh ho jana | athava ek paras mean hi jab, taras rahi maian itani |
parisankhya | ek hi vastu ki anek sthanoan mean sthiti sanbhav hone par bhi anyatr nishedh kar usaka ek sthan mean varnan karana. | ram ke rajy mean vakrata keval sundariyoan ke kataksh mean thi. |
sam | paraspar anukool vastuoan ka yogy sanbandh varnan | chirajivo jori, jurai kyo n saneh ganbhir. |
tadgun | apane gun ko chho dakar utkrisht gun vali doosari vastu ke gun ko grahan karana. | arun kiran-mala se ravi ki, |
atadgun | tadgun ka ulta (doosari vastu ke gunoan ko grahan n karana) | chandan vish vyapat nahian, lapate rahat bhujang. (rahim) |
milit (mil-jana) | anuroop vastu ke dvara kisi vastu ka chhip jana | baran bas sukumarata, sab bidh rahi samay. |
unmilit | milit ka ulta | yahaan sunahale sharir aur sone ke abhooshanoan ka aantar nahian dikhata par sparsh mean kathorata ke anubhav se abhooshanoan aur aangoan ka parthaky maloom p data hai. |
samany | sadrish gunoan ke karan prastut ka aprastut ke sath abhed pratipadan | yah ujjval prasad, chaandani se mil ekakar. |
svabhavokti | vastu ka yathavat\svabhavik varnan | sobhit kar navanit lie, ghutarun chalat renu tanu mandit mukh dadhi lep kie. (sooradas) yahaan krishna ki bal- cheshta ka svabhavik varnan hai. |
vyajokti (vyaj- chhal\bahana) | prakat hue rahasy ko kisi bahane se chhipa lena | kare varanh daravano, kat avat ihi geh. |
arthaantaranyas | samany ka vishesh se ya vishesh ka samany se samarthan karana | je 'rahim' uttam prakriti, ka kari sakat kusang. pratham charan- samany bat. dvitiy charan - vishesh bat. |
lokokti | prasangavash lokokti ka prayog karana | achhe din pachhe gaye, hari se kiyo n het. |
udaharan- | ek vaky kahakar usake udaharan ke roop mean doosara vaky kahana not- 'drishtaant' mean donoan vakyoan mean bimb pratibimb bhav rahata hai tatha koee vachak shabd nahian hota; jabaki 'udaharan' mean donoan vakyoan ka sadharan dharm to bhinn rahata hai parantu vachak shabd ke dvara unamean samanata pradarshit ki jati hai. |
ve rahim nar dhany hai, par upakari aang. |
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