इलौरा महाराष्ट्र

thumb|250px|elora gupha ka ek drishy ilaura maharashtr ke aurangabad jile se 14 mil door shailakrit gupha mandiroan ke lie sansar-prasiddh sthan hai. vibhinn kaloan mean bani anek guphaean bauddh, hiandoo tatha jain sanpraday se sanbandhit haian. ilaura mean sthit gufaoan ko elora nam se jana jata hai. ilaura se tho di door par ahalyabaee ka banavaya jyotirliang ka mandir hai. ilaura ke kee prachin nam milate haian, jinamean ilvalapur, elagiri aur ilapur mukhy haian.

sthapaty kal

kaha jata hai ki ilaura ko ilichapur ke raja yadu ne 8vian shati mean basaya tha. kiantu mahabharat tatha puranoan ki gathaoan ke adhar par prachin ilvalapur ko jahaan agasty rrishi ne ilvaladaity ko mara tha vartaman ilaura mana jata hai. kuchh bauddhaguphaean to avashy 8vian shati se pahale ki haian. yah jan p data hai ki rashtrakootoan ka sambandh is sthan se 8vian shati mean pratham bar hua hoga. aitihasik janashruti mean prachalit hai ki jab alauddin khilaji ne gujarat par 1297 ee. mean akraman kiya to vahaan ke raja karn ki kanya devaladevi ne bhag kar devagiri-naresh ramachandr ke yahaan sharan li aur tab vah ilaura ki guphaoan mean ja chhipi thi. kiantu durbhagyavash alauddin ke dusht gulam senapati malik kaphoor ne use vahaan se pakadakar dilli bhijava diya tha.

gufaoan ki sthapaty kala

ilaura ki gufaean ajanta ke saman hi shailakrit haian aur inaki samagr rachana tatha moortikari paha di ke bhitari bhag ko katakar hi nirmit ki gee hai. bauddh guphaean sanbhavatah 550 eesvi se 750 eesvi tak ki haian. inamean se vishvakarma guha mandir (san. 10) sarvashreshth mana jata hai. yah vishal chaity ke roop mean bana hai. isake ooanche sthambhoan par takshan-kala ka suandar kam hai. inamean baunoan ki anek pratimaean haian jinake sharir ka oopari bhag bahut sthool hai. bhikshuoan ke nivas ke lie bani huee guphaoan mean san. 2,5,8,11 aur 12 mukhy haian. san. 12 jise tinathal kahate haian lagabhag 50 phut ooanchi hai. isake bhitari bhag mean buddh ki suandar moortiyaan haian. ajanta ke viparit yahaan ki baudhd-guphaoan mean chaityavatayan nahian hai. bauddh guphaoan ki sankhya 12 hai. ye paha di ke dakshini parshv mean avasthit haian. inake age 17 hiandoo gupha-mandir haian jinamean se adhikaansh dakshin ke rashtrakoot nareshoan ke samay (7vian-8vian shati ee.) bane the. inamean kailash mandir, prachin bharatiy vastu evan takshan-kala ka bharat bhar mean shayad sarvotkrisht udaharan hai. yah samoocha mandir giriparshv mean se tarasha gaya hai. isake bhimakay stanbh, vistirn praangan, vishal vithiyoan tatha dalan, moorti kari se bhari chhatean, aur manav aur vividh jiv jantuoan ki moortiyaan- sara vastu aur takshan ka sthool aur sookshm kam ashcharyajanak jan p data hai. yahaan ki shilpiyoan ne vishalakay paha di ko aur usake vibhinn bhagoan ko tarashakar moortiyoan ki akritiyaan, unake aang pratyagoan ke sookshmatisookshm vivaran, yahaan tak ki hathiyoan ki aankhoan ki palakean tak itane adbhut kaushal se gadhi haian ki darshak atmavibhor hokar un mahan kalakaroan ke samane shrridhda se natamastak ho jata hai. kailash mandir athava rang mahal ke praangan ki lanbaee 276 phut aur chau daee 154 phut hai. mandir ke char khand aur kee prakoshth haian aur isaka shikhar bhi kee taloan se milakar bana hai. jaisa abhi kaha gaya hai, sanpoorn mandir paha di ke ko d mean se tarash kar bana hai, jisase shilpakala ke is adbhut krity ki mahatta siddh hoti hai. sirph chheni aur hathaude ki sahayata se yahaan ke karmath aur shradhdavanh shilpiyoan ne dev,devi, yaksh, gandharv, stri-purush, pashupakshi, pushpapatr adi ko vajrakathor paha di ke bhimakay aantaral mean se katakar sukumarata evan sauandary ki jo anokhi srishti ki hai vah shilp ke itihas mean abhootapoorv hai.

udaharan ke lie-

ek lanbi pankti mean anek hathiyoan ki moortiyaan haian jo chattanoan mean se katakar banaee gee haian. inaki aankhoan ki barik palakean tak bhi shail se katakar banaee gee haian. yah sookshmata aur sukumarata ki drishti se asanbhav jan p data hai .

hiandoo mandir

in gufaoan ke any hiandoo mandiroan mean ravan ki khaee, devava da, dashavatar, lambeshvar, rameshvar, nilakanth, dhumar-len ya sita chav di vishesh ullekhaniy haian. 8vian shati ee. mean kshantidurg rashtrakoot ne dashavatar mandir ka nirman kiya tha. isamean vishnu ke dashavataroan ki katha moortiyoan ke roop mean aankit hai. inamean govardhanadhari krishna, sheshashayi narayan, garudadhidshtht vishnu, prithvi ko dharan karane vale varah, bali se yachana karate hue vaman aur hiranyakashipu ka sanhar karate hue nrisianh kala ki drishti se shreshth haian.

jain mandir iandrasabha

9vian shati mean rashtrakootoan ki satta ke kshin hone par ilaura par jain-shasakoan ka adhipaty sthapit hua. yahaan ke paanch jain-mandir inhian ke dvara banavae gaye the. inamean iandrasabha namak bhavan vishesh roop se ullekhaniy hai. ise chhota kailas mandir bhi kaha jata hai. isake praangan, chhatoan v stambhoan ki suandar karigari aur sajiv devapratimaean sabhi anupam haian. 24 tirthakaroan ki anek moortiyoan se yah mandir susajjit hai. samadhisth parshvanath ki pratima ke oopar sheshanag ke phanoan ki chhaya hai aur kee daity unaki tapasya bhang karane ka viphal prayas kar rahe haian. ilapur mean ghushmeshvar tirth ka ullekh adi shankarachary ne kiya hai. prakrit sahity mean elur nam bhi prapt hota hai. dharmopadeshamala namak jain granth (858 ee.) mean ullikhit samayajn muni ki katha se jnat hota hai ki us samay elur kaphi prasidhd nagar tha-

'to nandanahihano sahoo karanaantaren patthavio guruna dakkhinavahan. egagi vachchan to ap ose patto eluran'.

ilaura ki khyati 17vian shati tak bhi thi. jain kavi meghavijay ne meghadoot ki chhaya par jo granth racha tha usamean ilaura ke tatkalin vaibhav ka varnan hai. ek any jain vidvan vibudh vimalasoor ne ilaura ki yatra ki thi. jain muni shilavijay ne 18vian shati mean ilaura ki yatra ki thi-

'ilaura ati kautak vasyooan jotaan hiyandu ati ulhasyooan vishvakarama kidhuan mandan tribhuvan bhatabanu sahinan'

isase 18vian shati mean bhi ilaur ki adbhut kala ka vishvakarma dvara nirmit mana jata tha, yah tathy pramanit hota hai. ajanta ke viparit ilaura ke gupha mandir itihas ke sabhi yugoan mean vishrut tatha vikhyat rahe haian.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

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