उत्तर मीमांसा

uttar mimaansa bharatiy darshanoan mean se ek hai. ise 'sharirik mimaansa' aur 'vedaantadarshan' bhi kahate haian. hindoo chintan ki chh: pranaliyaan prachalit haian. ve 'darshan' kahalati haian, kyoanki ve vishv ko dekhane aur samajhane ki drishti ya vichar prastut karati haian. unake tin yugm haian, kyoanki pratyek yugm mean kuchh vicharoan ka samy parilakshit hota hai. pahala yugm mimaansa kahalata hai, jisaka sambandh vedoan se hai. ye nam badarayan ke banae hue 'brahmasootr' namak granth ke haian. 'mimaansa' shabd ka arth hai- anusandhan, ganbhir, vichar, khoj. prachin bharat mean vedoan ko param praman mana jata tha. ved vanh‌may bahut vistrit hai aur usamean yajn, upasana aur jnan sanbandhi mantr pae jate haian. ve mantr (sanhita), brahman aur aranyak, upanishad namak bhagoan mean vibhajit kie ge haian.^[1]

poorv mimaansa

prachin^[2]hone ke karan ved vakyoan ke arth, prayog aur paraspar sanbandh samanvay ka jnan lupt ho jane se unake sanbandh mean anusandhan karane ki avashyakata p di thi. mantr aur brahman bhagoan ke aantargat vakyoan ka samanvay jaimini ne apane granth 'mimaansasootr' (poorvamimaansadarshan) mean kiya tha. mantr aur brahman ved ke poorvabhag hone ke karan unake arth aur upayog ki mimaansa ka nam 'poorvamimaansa' p da hai. ved ke yajnik roop (karmakand) ke vivechan ka shastr hai.^[1]

vedant

ved ke uttar bhag 'aranyak' aur 'upanishad' ke vakyoan ka samanvay badarayan ne 'brahmasootr' namak granthoan mean kiya tha. at: usaka nam 'uttaramimaansa' p da. uttar mimaansa 'sharirik mimaansa' bhi is karan kahalata hai ki isamean shariradhari atma ke lie un sadhanoan aur upasanaoan ka sanket hai, jinake dvara vah apane brahmatv ka anubhav kar sakata hai. isaka nam 'vedaantadarshan' is karan p da ki isamean ved ke aantim bhag ke vakyoan ke vishayoan ka samanvay kiya gaya hai. isaka nam 'brahmamimaansa' athava 'brahmasootr' is karan p da ki isamean vishesh vishay brahm aur usake svaroop ki mimaansa hai, jabaki poorvamimaansa ka vishay yajn aur dharmik krity haian.

darshanik itihas

uttar mimaansa ka sambandh bharat ke sampoorn darshanik itihas se hai. uttar mimaansa ke adharabhoot granth ko 'vedantasootr', 'brahmasootr' evan 'sharirakasootr' bhi kahate haian. kyoanki isaka vishay parabrahm (atma=brahm) hai. 'vedantasootr' vadarayan ke rache kahe ge haian jo char adhyayoan mean vibhakt haian. is darshan ka sankshipt nimnalikhit hai-

brahm nirakar hai, vah chetan hai, vah shrutiyoan ka udagam hai evan sarvajn hai tatha use keval vedoan ke dvara hi jana ja sakata hai. vah srishti ka maulik evan antim karan hai. usaki koee ichchha nahian hai. etadarth vah akarmany hai, drishy jagath usaki lila hai. vishv jo brahm dvara samay-samay par udabhat hota hai, usaka n adi hai aur n aant hai. ved bhi anant haian, devata haian, jo vedavihit yajnoan dvara poshan prapt karate haian. jiv ya vyaktigat atma adi-aantahin hai, chetanayukt hai, sarvavyapi hai. yah brahm ka hi aansh hai; yah svayan brahm hai. isaka vyaktigat roop keval ek jhalak hai. anubhav dvara manushy brahm jnan prapt kar sakata hai. brahm keval 'jnanamay' hai, jo manushy ko mukti dilane mean samarth hai. brahmachary poorvak brahm ka chintan, jaisa ki vedoan (upanishadoan) mean bataya gaya hai, sachche jnan ka marg hai. karm se kary ko phal prapt hota hai aur isake lie punarjanm hota hai. jnan se mukti ki prapti hoti hai.

arth niroopan

uttar mimaansa mean keval ved (aranyakoan aur upanishadoan ke) vakyoan ke arth ka niroopan aur samanvay hi nahian hai, usamean jiv, jagath aur brahm sanbandhi darshanik samasyaoan par bhi vichar kiya gaya hai. ek sarvaangin darshan ka nirman karake usaka yuktiyoan dvara pratipadan aur usase bhinn mat vale darshanoan ka khandan bhi kiya gaya hai. darshanik drishti se yah bhag bahut mahatvooparn samajha jata hai. samast 'brahmasootr' mean char adhyay haian aur pratyek adhyay mean char pad haian. pratham adhyay mean pratham pad ke pratham char sootr aur doosare adhyay ke pratham aur dvitiy padoan mean vedaant darshan sanbandhi pray: sabhi batean a jati haian. inamean hi vedaant darshan ke oopar jo akshep kie ja sakate haian, ve aur vedaant ko doosare darshanoan mean- poorvamimaansa, bauddh, jain, vaisheshik, pashupat darshanoan mean, jo us samay prachalit the, jo trutiyaan dikhaee deti haian, ve a jati haian.^[1]

bhashy avashyakata

samast granth sookshm aur durooh sootroan ke roop mean hone ke karan itana saral nahian hai ki sab koee usaka arth aur sangati samajh sakean. guru, in sootroan ke dvara apane shishyoan ko upanishadoan ke vichar samajhaya karate the. kalaantar mean unaka poora jnan lupt ho gaya aur unake oopar bhashy likhane ki avashyakata p di. sabase prachin bhashy, jo is samay prachalit aur prapy hai, shankarachary ka hai. shankar ke pashchath aur acharyoan ne bhi apane-apane sanpraday ke matoan ki pushti karane ke lie aur apane matoan ke anuroop 'brahmasootr' par bhashy likhe the. ramanujachary, madhvachary, nianbarkachary aur vallabhachary ke bhashy prakhyat haian. in sab acharyoan ke mat, kuchh aanshoan mean saman hote hue bhi, bahut kuchh bhinn haian. svayan badarayan ke vichar kya haian, yah nishchit karana aur kis achary ka bhashy badarayan ke vicharoan ka samarthan karata hai aur unake anukool hai, yah kahana bahut kathin hai, kyoanki sootr bahut durooh haian. is samasya ke sath yah samasya bhi sanbaddh hai ki jin upanishad vakyoan ka brahmasootr mean samanvay karane ka prayatn kiya gaya hai, unake darshanik vichar kya haian. badarayan ne unako kya samajha aur bhashyakaroan ne unako kya samajha hai?

darshanik siddhaant

vahi bhashy adhikatar thik samajha jana chahie, jo upanishadoan aur brahmasootr donoan ke anuroop ho. is drishti se shankarachary ka mat adhik samichin jan p data hai. kuchh vidvanh ramanujachary ke mat ko adhik sutranukool batalate haian. uttaramimaansa ka sabase vishesh darshanik siddhaant yah hai ki j d jagath ka upadan aur nimitt karan chetan brahm hai. jaise mak di apane bhitar se hi jal tanati hai, vaise hi brahm bhi is jagath ko apani hi shakti dvara utpann karata hai. yahi nahian, vahi isaka palak hai aur vahi isaka sanhar bhi karata hai. jiv aur brahm ka tadatmy hai aur anek prakar ke sadhanoan aur upasanaoan dvara vah brahm ke sath tadatmy ka anubhav karake jagath ke karm janjal se aur baranbar ke jivan aur maran se mukt ho jata hai. muktavastha mean param anand ka anubhav karata hai.^[1]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 uttaramimaansa (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 2 agast, 2015.
↑ bharatiy vichar paddhati ke anusar apaurushey

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[nn-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 uttaramimaansa (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 2 agast, 2015.

[2] ratiy vichar paddhati ke anusar apaurushey

[1]

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