उपेन्द्रनाथ अश्क
upendranath ashk
| |
| poora nam | upendranath ashk |
| janm | 14 disambar, 1910 |
| janm bhoomi | jalandhar, panjab |
| mrityu | 19 janavari, 1996 |
| abhibhavak | pandit madhoram |
| pati/patni | kaushalya ashk |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | kavi, lekhak |
| mukhy rachanaean | upanyas- girati divare, garmarakh, sitaroan ke khel; natak- lautata hua din, b de khila di, jayaparajay; kahani sangrah- sattar shreshth kahaniyaan, judaee ki sham ke git, kale sahab, pianjara adi. |
| bhasha | hiandi, urdoo |
| vidyalay | di. e. vi. k aaulej, jalandhar |
| shiksha | bi.e., elel. bi |
| puraskar-upadhi | 1972 ee. mean 'soviyat laind neharoo puraskar', 1965 mean 'sangit natak akadami puraskar'. |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | urdoo ke saphal lekhak upendranath 'ashk' ne muanshi premachand ki salah par hindi mean likhana arambh kiya. 1933 mean prakashit unake doosare kahani sangrah 'aurat ki phitarat' ki bhoomika muanshi premachand ne hi likhi thi. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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upendranath 'ashk' (aangrezi: Upendranath Ashk, janm- 14 disambar, 1910; mrityu- 19 janavari, 1996) upanyasakar, nibandhakar, lekhak, kahanikar haian. ashk ji ne adarshonmukh, kalpanapradhan athava kori romani rachanaean ki.
jivan parichay
upendranath ashk ji ka janm panjab prant ke jalandhar nagar mean 14 disambar, 1910 ko ek madhyamavargiy brahman parivar mean hua tha. ashk ji chh: bhaiyoan mean doosare haian. inake pita 'pandit madhoram' steshan mastar the. jalandhar se maitrik aur phir vahian se di. e. vi. k aaulej se inhoanne 1931 mean bi.e. ki pariksha pas ki. bachapan se hi ashk adhyapak banane, lekhak aur sampadak banane, vakta aur vakil banane, abhineta aur dayarektar banane aur thiyetar athava film mean jane ke anek sapane dekha karate the.
sahityik parichay
hindi-urdoo ke premachandottar katha sahity ke vishisht kathakar upendranath ashk ki pahachan, bahuvidhavadi rachanakar hone ke bavajood, kathakar ke roop mean hi hai. rashtriy aandolan ke behad uthalaputhal se bhare daur mean unaka rachanatmak vikas hua, jaliyaanvala bag jaisi nrishans ghatanaoan ka unake bal mastishk par gahara prabhav p da tha. unaka ganbhir aur vyavasthit lekhan pragatishil aandolan ke daur mean shuroo hua. usaki adharabhoot manyataoan ka samarthan karane ke bavajood unhoanne apane ko us aandolan se baandhakar nahian rakha. yadyapi jivan se unake saghan ju dav aur parivartanakami mooly-chetana ke prati jhukav, us aandolan ki hi den thi. sahity mean vyaktivadi-kalavadi rujhanoan se bachakar jivan ki samajh ka shoor aur salika unhoanne isi aandolan se arjit kiya tha. bhasha evan shailigat prayog ki virat parinati unaki isi savadhani ki parinati thi. unaki kahaniyaan manaviy niyati ke prashnoan, jivanagat vidanbanaoan, madhyavargiy manushy ke dainandin jivan ki gutthiyoan ke chitran ke karan; nagarik jivan ke har pahaloo sanbaddh rahane ke karan samany pathakoan ko unaki kahaniyaan apanape se bhari lagati haian, unamean rajanitik prakharata aur ugrata ke abhav se kisi riktata bodh nahian hota.[1]
karyakshetr
bi.e. pas karate hi upendranath ashk ji apane hi skool mean adhyapak ho gaye. par 1933 mean use chho d diya aur jivikoparjan hetu saptahik patr 'bhoochal' ka sampadan kiya aur ek any saptahik 'guru ghantal' ke lie prati saptah ek rupaye mean ek kahani likhakar di. 1934 mean achanak sab chho d l aau k aaulej mean pravesh le liya aur 1936 mean l aau pas kiya. usi varsh lambi bimari aur pratham patni ke dehant ke bad inake jivan mean ek apoorv mo d aya. 1936 ke bad ashk ke lekhak vyaktitv ka ati urvar yug prarambh hua. 1941 mean ashk ji ne doosara vivah kiya. usi varsh 'aaul indiya rediyo' mean naukari ki. 1945 ke disambar mean bambee ke film jagat ke nimantran ko svikar kar vahaan filmoan mean lekhan ka kary karane lage. 1947-1948 mean ashk ji nirantar asvasth rahe. par yah unake sahityik sarjan ki urvarata ka svarn-samay tha. 1948 se 1953 tak ashk ji dampatti (patni kaushalya ashk) ke jivan mean sangharsh ke varsh rahe. par inhian dinoan ashk yakshma ke changul se bachakar ilahabad aye, inhoanne 'nilabh prakashan grih' ki vyavastha ki, jisase unake sampoorn sahityik vyaktitv ko rachana aur prakashan donoan drishti se sahaj path mila. ashk ji ne apani kahani, upanyas, nibandh, lekh, sansmaran, alochana, natak, ekaanki, kavita adi ke kshetroan mean kary kiya hai.
kritiyaan
urdoo ke saphal lekhak upendranath 'ashk' ne muanshi premachand ki salah par hindi mean likhana arambh kiya. 1933 mean prakashit unake doosare kahani sangrah 'aurat ki phitarat' ki bhoomika muanshi premachand ne hi likhi thi. ashk ne isase pahale bhi bahut kuchh likha tha. urdoo mean 'nav-ratn' aur 'aurat ki fitarat' unake do kahani sangrah prakashit ho chuke the. pratham hindi sangrah 'judaee ki sham ka git' (1933) ki adhikaansh kahaniyaan urdoo mean chhap chuki thian. jaisa ki ashk ji ne svany likha hai, 1936 ke pahale ki ye kritiyaan utani achchhi nahian bani. anubhooti ka sparsh unhean kam mila tha. 1936 ke bad ashk ji ki kritiyoan mean sukh-du:khamay jivan ke vyaktigat anubhav se adabhut rang bhar gaya. 'urdoo kavy ki ek nee dhara' (alochak granth), 'jay parajay' (aitihasik natak), 'papi', 'veshya', 'adhikar ka rakshak', 'lakshmi ka svagat', 'joank', 'paheli' aur 'apas ka samajhauta' (ekaanki), 'svarg ki jhalak' (samajik natak): kahani sangrah 'pianjara' ki sabhi kahaniyaan, 'chhiantean' ki kuchh kahaniyaan aur 'prat pradip' (kavita sangrah) ki sabhi kavitaean unaki patni ki mrityu (1936) ke do dhaee sal ke hi alp samay mean likhi gee.[2]
natak
natak ke kshetr mean 1937 se lekar unhoanne jitani kritiyaan sampoorn natak aur ekaanki ke roop mean likhi haian, sab pray: apane lekhanakal ke uparant usi varsh kram se prakashit huee haian. ashk ji ke natak 'alag alag raste' mean vivah, prem, aur samajik pratishtha ki samasya ko prastut kiya gaya haian. vartaman samaj mean vyavastha ke chakr mean ulajhi do nariyoan ke antarman mean basane vali pi da, ghayal sanskar aur pyasi khooankhar pravrittiyoan ka pradarshan hua hai. isamean samay, sthan aur kary - sampadan ki ekata ka kalatmak dhang se nirvah kiya haian. ullekhaniy tathy yah haian ki is natak ka akalan rangamanch ke upayukt banane ke lie rang nirdeshoan ka suandar prayog isamean hua haian. alag alag raste natak ka manch bina kisi atiranjana ke sath hua haian jisake phalasvaroop natak ke ras ka sadharanikaran darshak ya pathak ko sahaj hi anubhoot hoti haian.
| san | kriti |
|---|
kahaniyaan
aankur, nasur, chattan, dachi, pianjara, gokharoo, baigan ka paudha, memane, daliye, kale sahab, bachche, ubal, keptan rashid adi ashk ji ki pratinidhi kahaniyoan ke namoone sahit kul dedh-do sau kahaniyoan mean ashk ji ka kahanikar vyaktitv saphalata se vyakt hua hai.
kavy granth
sansmaran
- 'manto mera dushman' (1956)
- 'nibandh, lekh, patr, dayari aur vichar granth-'zyada apani kam parayi' (1959)
- 'rekhaean aur chitr' (1955).
anuvad
- 'rang saj' (1958)- roos ke prasiddh kahanikar 'aiantan chekhav' ke laghu upanyas ka anuvad.
- 'ye adami ye choohe' (1950)- stin baiank ke prasiddh upanyas 'av mais end main' ka anuvad.
- 'hij ekselensi' (1959)- amar kathakar d aausty aauvaski ke laghu upanyas 'darti stori' ka hindi anuvad.
sampadan
| san | kriti |
|---|---|
| 1940 | sitaroan ke khel |
| 1945 | b di-b di aankhean |
| 1947 | girati divar |
| 1952 | garm rakh |
| 1957 | patthar alapatthar |
| 1963 | shahar mean ghoomata aeena |
| 1969 | ek nanhian kiandil |
samriddhata ka anuman
srijan ki itani kshamata se sahaj hi ashk ji ki lekhan shakti aur bhav jagath ki samriddhata ka anuman lagaya ja sakata hai. upanyas, natak, kahani aur kavy kshetr mean ashk ji ki upalabdhi mukhyat: natak, upanyas aur kahani mean vishesh roop se mahattvapoorn hai. 'girati divar' aur 'garm rakh' hindi upanyas ke kshetr mean yatharthavadi parampara ke upanyas haian. sampoorn natakoan mean 'chhatha beta', 'aanjodidi' aur 'qaid' ashk ji ki natyakala ke saphalatam udaharan haian. 'chhatha beta' ke shilp mean hasy aur vyang, 'aanjodidi' ke sthapaty mean vyavaharik rangamanch ke saphalatam tattv aur shilp ka anoothapan tatha 'qaid' mean stri ka hridayasparshi charitr chitran tatha usake rachana vidhan mean adhunik natyatattv ki jaisi abhivyakti huee hai, usase ashk ji ki naty kala aur rangamanch ke parichay ka sanket milata hai. ekaanki natakoan mean 'bhanvar', 'charavahe', 'chilaman', 'taulie' aur 'sookhi dali' ashk ji ki ekaanki kala ke sundaratam udaharan haian. sabhi ekaanki rangamanch ke svayatt adhikari haian. ashk ji ki kahaniyaan premachand ke adarshonmukh yatharthavad athava vikas kram se prapt vishuddh yatharthavadi parampara ki haian. kahani kala aur rachana shilp spasht katha tattv ke sahit moolat: charitr ke kendr bindu se poorn hota hai. ashk ji ke samast charitr upanyas, natak athava kahani kisi bhi sahity prakar mean sarvatha yatharth haian. unase samajik aur vaiyaktik jivan ki samast samasyaoan-rag dvesh ka pratinidhitv hota hai.
yadagar ghatanaean
- hindi sahity ke yadagar batoan mean upendranath ashk se ju da hua parachoonavala ullekh bhi mashahoor hai. ilahabad mean ashkaji ne parachoon ki dukan kholi. midiya ne ise unake kisi kism ke asantosh ya mohabhang se jo date hue khabar pracharit ki. gauratalab hai ki tab ka midiya rajanitik daanv peanch ke sath sath sahity ki akha debaji ko bhi khabaroan mean khoob tarajih deta tha. khair, parachoon tak to bat thik thi magar dhany hai anuvad adharit patrakarita jisane isamean sirph choona dekha aur bat choone ki dukan tak gee. kuchh logoan ko yah choona sachamuch laim nazar aya aur kuchh ko nianboo. urvarabuddhi valoan ne isamean pani aur jo d diya aur pracharit ho gaya ki ashk ji ilahabad mean nianboo pani bech rahe haian. mamala sahityakar ki durdasha se ju d gaya. ashk ji ko khud sari batean saf karani p di.[3]
- ilahabad ki ghatana hai. ek chhatra ne upendranath ashk se aautograph bahi par hastakshar karane ke lie kaha. ashk ji apani pustakoan ki bikri mean khud ruchi lete the. aautograph buk mean likha- 'pustakean kharid kar padhoan-ashk'. isake bad chhatr ne dharmavir bharati ko aautograph dene ke lie kaha to unhoanne likha-
pustak kharidane ka pata- nilabh prakashan, khusaro bag, ilahabad
yah pata ashk ji ke prakashan sansthan ka tha.[4]
samman aur puraskar
upendranath ashk ji ko sanh 1972 ee. mean 'soviyat laind neharoo puraskar' se bhi sammanit kiya gaya tha. isake alava upendranath ashk ko 1965 mean sangit natak akadami puraskar se bhi sammanit kiya gaya tha.
nidhan
upendranath ashk ji ka 19 janavari, sanh 1996 ee. mean nidhan ho gaya tha.
sahayak granth
- zyada apani kam parayi: upendr nath 'ashk':
- natakakar 'ashk': nilabh prakashan
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ upendranath ashk ki shreshth kahaniyaan (hiandi) (pi.ech.pi) bharatiy sahity sangrah. abhigaman tithi: 14 disambar, 2012.
- ↑ shri upendranath ashk ke alag alag raste (hiandi) (pi.ech.pi). . abhigaman tithi: 14 disambar, 2012.
- ↑ parachoon ki paidaish se upendranath ashk tak (hiandi) (pi.ech.pi) shabdoan ka saphar. abhigaman tithi: 14 disambar, 2012.
- ↑ upendranath ashk ka prakashan vyavasay !! (hiandi) (pi.ech.pi) navajanya. abhigaman tithi: 14 disambar, 2012.
bahari k diyaan
- upendranath ashk: akele ka saphar
- mati ka dhir -upeandranath ashk
- upendranath `ashk' ki kritiyaan
- kitab se khushi hasil karana (upendr nath ashk)
sanbandhit lekh
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