ऋषि

• 'rrishi' shabd ki vyutpatti 'rrishi' gatau dhatu se mani jati hai.

rrishati prapnoti sarvanh mantran, jnanen pashyati sansar paran va.
rrishu + igupadhath kith iti unadisootren inh kinchh.

• is vyutpatti ka sanket vayu puran, matsy puran tatha brahmand puran mean kiya gaya hai. brahmand puran ki vyutpatti is prakar hai-

gatyarthadrishaterdhatornam nivrittiradit:.
yasmadev svayanbhootastasmachchapyrishita smrita॥

• vayu puran mean rrishi shabd ke anek arth batae ge haian-

rrishityev gatau dhatu: shrutau satye tapasyathh.
etath sanniyatastasminh brahmamana s rrishi smrit:॥

is shlok ke anusar 'rrishi' dhatu ke char arth hote haian-

• gati,
• shruti,
• saty tatha
• tapash.

brahmaji dvara jis vyakti mean ye charoan vastuean niyat kar di jayean, vahi 'rrishi' hota hai. vayu puran ka yahi shlok matsy puran mean kianchit pathabhed se upalabdh hota hai.

durgachary ki nirukti hai- rrishirdarshanath. is nirukt se rrishi ka vyutpattilabhy arth hai- darshan karane vala, tatvoan ki sakshat aparoksh anubhooti rakhane vala vishisht purush. 'sakshatkritadharman rrishayo babhooa:'- yask ka yah kathan is nirukti ka pratiphalitarth hai. durgachary ka kathan hai ki kisi mantr vishesh ki sahayata se kiye jane par kisi karm se kis prakar ka phal parinat hota hai, rrishi ko is tathy ka poorn jnan hota hai. taittiriy aranyak ke anusar is shabd (rrishi) ki vyakhya is prakar hai- 'srishti ke arambh mean tapasya karane vale ayonisanbhav vyaktiyoan ke pas svayanbhoo brahm (vedabrahm) svayan prapt ho gaya. ved ka is svat: prapti ke karan, svayamev avirbhav hone ke karan hi rrishi ka 'rrishitv' hai. is vyakhya mean rrishi shabd ki nirukti 'tudadigan rrish gatau' dhatu se mani gayi hai. apaurushey ved rrishiyoan ke hi madhyam se vishv mean avirbhoot hua aur rrishiyoan ne ved ke varnamay vigrah ko apane divy shrotr se shravan kiya, isilie ved ko shruti bhi kaha gaya hai. adi rrishiyoan ki vani ke pichhe arth dau data-phirata hai. rrishi arth ke pichhe kabhi nahian dau date 'rrishinaan punaradyanaan vachamarthoanudhavati:' (uttar ramacharit, pratham aang). nishkarsh yah hai ki tapasya se pavitr 'aantarjyoti sampann mantradrashta vyaktiyoan ki hi sanjna rrishi hai.

• yah vah vyakti hai, jisane mantr ke svaroop ko yatharth roop mean samajha hai. 'yatharth'- jnan pray: char prakar- se hota hai

1. parampara ke mool purush hone se,
2. us tattv ke sakshat darshan se,
3. shraddhapoorvak prayog tatha sakshatkar se aur
4. ichchhit (abhilashit)-poorn saphalata ke sakshatkar se. atev in char karanoan se mantr-sambandhit rrishiyoan ka nirdesh granthoan mean milata hai.jaise-

• kalp ke adi mean sarvapratham is anadi vaidik shabd-rashi ka pratham upadesh brahmaji ke hriday mean hua aur brahmaji se paramparagat adhyayan-adhyapan hota raha, jisaka nirdesh 'vansh brahman' adi granthoan mean upalabdh hota hai. at: samast ved ki parampara ke mool purush brahma (rrishi) haian. inaka smaran parameshthi prajapati rrishi ke roop mean kiya jata hai.
• isi parameshthi prajapati ki parampara ki vaidik shabdarashi ke kisi aansh ke shabd tattv ka jis rrishi ne apani tapashcharya ke dvara kisi vishesh avasar par pratyaksh darshan kiya, vah bhi us mantr ka rrishi kahalaya. us rrishi ka yah rrishitv shabdatattv ke sakshatkar ka karan mana gaya hai. is prakar ek hi mantr ka shabdatattv-sakshatkar anek rrishiyoan ko bhinn-bhinn roop se ya samoohik roop se hua tha. at: ve sabhi us mantr ke rrishi mane gaye haian.
• kalp granthoan ke nirdeshoan mean aise vyaktiyoan ko bhi rrishi kaha gaya hai, jinhoanne us mantr ya karm ka prayog tatha sakshatkar ati shraddhapoorvak kiya hai.
• vaidik granthoan visheshataya puran-granthoan ke manan se yah bhi pata lagata hai ki jin vyaktiyoan ne kisi mantr ka ek vishesh prakar ke prayog tatha sakshatkar se saphalata prapt ki hai, ve bhi us mantr ke rrishi mane gaye haian.

ukt nirdeshoan ko dhyan mean rakhane ke sath yah bhi samajh lena chahiye ki ek hi mantr ko ukt charoan prakar se ya ek hi prakar se dekhane vale bhinn-bhinn vyakti rrishi hue haian. phalat: ek mantr ke anek rrishi hone mean paraspar koee virodh nahian hai, kyoanki mantr rrishiyoan ki rachana ya anubhooti se sambandh nahian rakhata; apitu rrishi hi us mantr se bahirang roop se sambaddh vyakti hai.

prakar

ved, jnan ka pratham pravakta; parokshadarshi, divy drishti vala. jo jnan ke dvara mantroan ko athava sansar ki charam sima ko dekhata hai, vah rrishi kahalata hai. usake sat prakar haian-

1. vyas adi maharshi
2. bhel adi paramarshi
3. kanv adi devarshi
4. vasishth adi brahmarshi
5. sushrut adi shrutarshi
6. rrituparn adi rajarshi
7. jaimini adi kandarshi

ratnakosh mean bhi kaha gaya hai-

sapt brahmarshi-devarshi-maharshi-paramarshay:.
kandarshishch shrutarshishch rajarshishch kramavara:..

arthat- brahmarshi, devarshi, maharshi, paramarshi, kandarshi, shrutarshi, rajarshi ye satoan kram se avar haian.

samanyat: vedoan ki rrichaoan ka sakshatkar karane vale log rrishi kahe jate the. rrigved mean pray: poorvavarti gayakoan evan samakalin rrishiyoan ka ullekh hai. prachin rachanaoan ko uttaradhikar mean prapt kiya jata tha evan rrishi parivaroan dvara unako naya roop diya jata tha. brahmanoan ke samay tak rrichaoan ki rachana hoti rahi. rrishi, brahmanoan mean sabase uchch evan adaraniy the tatha unaki kushalata ki tulana pray: tvashta se ki gee hai. jo svarg se utare mane jate the. nisandeh rrishi vaidikakalin kuloan, rajasabhaoan tatha sambhraant logoan se sambandhit hote the. kuchh rajakumar bhi samay-samay par rrichaoan ki rachana karate the, unhean rajanyarshi kahate the. ajakal usaka shuddh roop rajarshi hai. sadharanataya mantr ya kavyarachana brahmanoan ka hi kary tha. mantr rachana ke kshetr mean kuchh mahilaoan ne bhi rrishipad prapt kiya tha.

paravarti sahity mean rrishi rrichaoan ke sakshatkar karane vale mane gaye haian, jinaka sangrah sanhitaoan mean hua. pratyek vaidik sukt ke ullekh ke sath ek rrishi ka nam ata hai. rrishiban pavitr poorv kal ke prati nidhi haian tatha sadhu mane gaye haian. unake karyoan ko devataoan ke kary ke tuly mana gaya hai. rrigved mean kee sthanoan par unhean sat ke dal mean ullikhit kiya gaya hai.

brihadaranyak upanishad

brihadaranyak upanishad mean unake nam gautam, bharadvaj, vishvamitr, jamadagni, vasishth, kashyap evan atri bataye gaye haian.

rrigved

rrigved mean kuts, atri, rebh, agasty, kushik, vasishth, vyashv, tatha any nam rrishiroop mean ate haian.

atharvaved

atharvaved mean aur bhi b di talika hai. jisamean aangira, agasti, jamadagni, atri, kashyap, vasishth, bharadvaj, gavishthir, vishvamitr, kuts, kakshivant, kanv, medhatithi, trishok, ushana kavy, gautam tatha mudagal ke nam sammilit haian.

vaidik kal

vaidik kal mean kaviyoan ki pratiyogita ka bhi prachalan tha. ashvamedh yajn ke ek mukhy aang 'brahmedy' (samasyapoorti) ka yah ek aang tha. upanishad kal mean bhi yah pratiyogita prachalit rahi. is kary mean sabase prasiddh the yajnavalky, jo videh ke raja janak ki rajasabha mean rahate the.

rrishigan trikalajn mane gaye haian. unake dvara prastut kiye gaye sahity ko arshey kaha jata hai. yah vishvas hai ki kaliyug mean rrishi nahian hote, at: is yug mean n to nayi shruti ka sakshatkar ho sakata hai aur n nayi smritiyoan ki rachana. unaki rachanaoan ka keval anuvad bhasha aur tika hi sambhav hai.

chitrashikhandi rrishi

mukhy lekh : chitrashikhandi rrishi

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• sapt rrishiyoan ka samoohik nam hai.
• paancharatr shastr sat chitrashikhandi rrishiyoan dvara sankalit haian, jo sanhitaoan ka poorvavarti evan unaka pathapradarshak hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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