कंकाल (उपन्यास)
jayashankar prasad krit upanyas jo 1929 mean prakashit hua tha. prasad mukhyataya adarsh ki bhoomika par kary karane vale rachanakar haian kiantu 'kankal' unaki ek aisi kriti hai jisamean poornataya yatharth ka agrah hai. is drishti se unaka yah upanyas vishesh sthan rakhata hai.
patr aur charitrachitran
'kankal' mean desh ki samajik aur dharmik sthiti ka aankan hai aur adhikaansh patr isi pithika mean chitrit kiye gaye haian. nayak vijay aur nayika tara ke madhyam se prem aur vivah jaise prashnoan se lekar jati-varn tatha vyakti-samaj jaisi samasyaoan par lekhak ne vichar kiya hai.
kathavastu aur yatharth
is upanyas ki kathavastu mukhyataya madhyamavarg se sambandh rakhati hai aur samaj ke paryapt chitroan ko ubhara gaya hai jinamean vartaman ka ek sashlisht chitr prastut ho sake. veshyalayoan ki sthiti ke sath hi kashi, prayag, haridvar jaise tirthasthanoan ke sadhu-santoan ka varnan ek virodh pratit hota hai par yatharth ko vistar dene ki drishti se aisa karana nitaant avashyak tha. yatharth-samajik yatharth ko upanyas mean aankit karane ke lie prasad ne kahian-kahian vyangy ka ashray bhi grahan kiya hai, jo unaki pravritti ke adhik anukool nahian, par yatharth ki sarthakata tikhe vyangy mean hi hoti hai. 'kankal' mean aisa samaj aankit hai jisaki adharabhoomi hil gayi ho. purani manyataean aur vishvas isamean dharashayi haian. b de kulin gharanoan mean kya hal hai, ise nayak-nayika ke jivan mean dekha ja sakata hai. dharm ke thekedar padari kisi yuvati ki paristhiti ka labh uthakar use premapash mean abaddh karane ki cheshta karate haian, samaj mean striyoan ki sthiti ka sanket karati huee ghanti ek sthal par kahati hai-
"hindoo striyoan ka samaj hi kaisa hai, isamean unake lie koee adhikar ho tab to sochana-vicharana chahie...."
isi prakar yamuna kahati hai -
"koee samaj striyoan ka nahian bahan! sab purushoan ke haian, striyoan ka ek dharm hai, aghat sahan karane ki kshamata..."
navin jagaran par adharit
jo samajik vishamata, andhavishvas, bhedabhav, pakhand prachalit hai usake sthan par prasad udar manaviyata par adharit ek naya samaj chahate haian. 'kankal' ka yahi pratipady hai. kaha ja sakata hai ki jo navin jagaran bisavian shati mean apane desh mean aya hai usi ki bhoomika par kankal ki rachana huee hai.
kathashilp
'kankal' ek aise rachanakar ki kriti hai jo mukhyataya kavi hai. yatharth ka chitran hote hue bhi isamean prasad ki bhavukata kahian-kahian jhalakati hai aur lambe uddharanoan mean jahaan vicharoan ka kram hai, yah adhik spasht hai. upanyas mean ghatanaoan ki sankhya adhik hai aur kathakram ki sundar yojana mean kuchh badha p dati hai. kuchh log ise prasad ki pracharatmak drishti kah sakate haian, par samajik yatharth ka vishleshan karane vala lekhak apane vicharoan ko kisi n kisi prakar prakat karega hi.
- samaj-darshan
'kankal' ki shakti usaka samaj-darshan hai, jisamean nishchit roop se vyakti ki pratishtha hai par vyakti ka yah svatantry samajik dayitv tatha vyapak manaviyata par adharit hai. bisavian shati mean jo samajik aur rashtriy chetana desh mean vikasit huee hai, usaka prabhav kankal par spasht hai.
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