कच्चे मकान

kachche makan pray: mitti ke bane hote haian. sanbhavat: mitti hi sabase purani vastu hai, jisaka upayog manushy ghar banane ke lie karata hai. anant kal se mitti se divarean banaee jati rahi haian, jo tedhi-medhi hoti thian aur dhoop mean bhali prakar se sukhaee huee eetoan ki bani v sidhi hoti thian. aise makan dakshin aur madhy amarika, dakshin yoorop, afrika, faras tatha nikatavarti desh misr aur bharat, arthath‌ sansar ke pray: sabhi bhagoan mean milate haian.

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kachcha mal

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

makanoan adi ki rachana mean pray: chikani mitti ka hi prayog hota hai, kiantu kee sthanoan mean mitti mean dridhata evan sughatyata lane ke lie ret bhi mila di jati hai. yadyapi sookhane par mitti siku dati hai, tathapi siku dan ke karan eetoan ke chhoti p dane ke atirikt any koee hani nahian hoti. aisa bhi vishvas hai ki sookhane par eetoan ke siku d jane se unaki dab ke prati sahanashilata mean vriddhi ho jati hai. phalat: in eetoan se bani divarean adhik bojh sanbhal sakati haian. vishv ke katipay aise bhagoan mean jahaan mitti mean ret milane ki paranpara nahian hai, tho da-sa bhoosa ya sookhi ghas mila di jati hai, jisase mitti ki pushtata mean vriddhi ho jae aur sookhane par chatakhe nahian.

bhaugolik tathy

alp varsha vale sthanoan mean hi kachche makan adhik banae jate haian. karan yah hai ki vahaan ki mitti ki bani huee eetoan mean 0.2 se lekar 1 tan prativarg phut tak ki dab ki sahanashilata hoti hai, jo shushkavastha ke ek manjile makanoan ke lie paryapt hoti hai. adhik varsha vale sthanoan mean uchit prakar ki chhatoan vale makan banae ja sakate haian.

mitti sanana

mitti sanane ka purana dhang yah hai ki ek gadda khod liya jata hai aur avashyakatanusar paryapt jal dal diya jata hai. dhele to dane ke lie do din tak mitti ko pairoan se gooandha jata hai. tab is sughaty mitti se manak map ki eetean bana li jati haian. mitti aur pani ko ekaroop sanane ke lie ajakal ianjanachalit chakki ka bhi prayog kiya jata hai, jise 'pag mil' kahate haian. ianjan ke atirikt pag mil pashuoan dvara bhi chalaee ja sakati hai.

pathana

kachchi eetoan ko pathane ke lie mitti ka chauras, k da pharsh chahie. sadharanat: saanche mean baloo chhi dak di jati hai, jisase usamean eeant n chipake. kachchi eetoan ki nap kee batoan par nirbhar hoti hai, udaharanat: bhitar ki motaee, mazadoor adhik se adhik kitana bojh utha sakata hai, ityadi. kam mean lane ke poorv in eetoan ko lagabhag ek mahine tak dhoop mean sukhana avashyak hai. bharat ke kuchh gaanvoan mean kachchi eetean banane ke lie bhoomi par sughaty mitti ko vaanchhit motaee mean phaila diya jata hai. is prakar banaee gee eetoan ka akar thik nahian rahata aur bahudha ve aianth jati haian. in doshoan ka nirakaran moti sandhiyoan se ho jata hai. is prakar koo eetean banane mean yah gun hai ki koee bhi parivar apani suvidha ke anusar aisi eetean bana sakata hai. in eetoan ko banane ke lie kachcha mal pas mean hi mil jata hai aur banane vale mean kisi vishesh yogyata ki avashyakata nahian hoti. at: l dake bachche sabhi is kary mean sahayata kar sakate haian.

eeant ka nirman

kachchi eetoan se bane makanoan mean yah dosh hota hai ki ve bahut tikaoo nahian hote aur unake prishth par bar-bar palastar karana p data hai, anyatha unake gir jane ka dar rahata hai. phir, as pas ki bhoomi se pani ki nikasi achchhi honi chahie, anyatha divar ki nianv ke baith jane ka bhay rahata hai. vijnan ki pragati ke sath mrittika vijnan mean bhi unnati huee hai. kachchi eetean achchhi ban sakean, isake lie kee prakar ke prayatn kie ge haian. inaka sankshipt byora niche diya jata hai-

mitti ko thos karana

prayogoan se pata chala hai ki sookhi eetoan ki pushtata utani hi adhik hogi, jitana adhik mitti ke kan paraspar sate raheange. is gun ko sanghanan kahate haian. adhik sanghanan se ardravastha mean bhi eetean adhik sthayi hoti haian. bazar mean ab kee ek mashinean a gee haian, jinase eetoan ko pathate samay unamean adhik sanghanan a jata hai. sanghanan ki matra mitti mean pani ki matra par nirbhar hai. isalie pathate samay mitti mean jal ki matra par poorn niyantran rakhana avashyak hai. prachin ritiyoan se kachchi eetean pathane ke samay 30 pratishat ardrata ki avashyakata rahati hai. parantu prachin vidhiyoan se bani sookhi eetoan mean lagabhag 1 tan prati varg phut ki hi pushtata rahati hai. isaki tulana mean mashin se pathane mean 8-10 pratishat ardrata ki avashyakata p dati hai. prayogoan se pata chala hai ki mitti ko achchhi tarah sanakar aur mashin se thik prakar se dabakar banaee eetoan mean sookhane par pushtata 8-10 tan prati varg phut hoti hai.

bandhak milana

bitumen

kachchi eetoan ki jal pratirodhak shakti bitumen se bahut badhaee ja sakati hai. pathane vali mitti mean 3 se 5 pratishat tak bitumen milana paryapt hota hai. prayogoan se jnat hua hai ki is prakar bani eetean paryapt jalabhedy hoti haian aur unase bani bhitoan par palastar karane ki koee avashyakata nahian rahati.

simeant

mitti mean simeant milane se pani ki kriya se kachchi eetoanan ke nam ho jane ki pravritti bahut kam ho jati hai. kiantu simeant ki saphalata is par nirbhar hai ki mitti mean kitana simeant milaya gaya hai aur eetoan ke banane mean kitana sanghanan utpann kiya gaya hai. prayogoan se pata chala hai ki yadi paryapt sanghanan kiya jae aur mitti mean chhote b de gan uchit matra mean rahean to 3 se 5 pratishat tak simeant se paryapt sthayitv a jata hai. yahaan tak ki jahaan eetoan ka pakana bahut vyavasadhy hota hai, vahaan simeant milakar eeant pathane ka kam kiya ja sakata hai.

jalabhedy palastar

mashinoan ki sahayata se kachchi eetoan ko simeant ya bitumen milakar banane aur sthayi karane ka kary gaanvoan mean abhi poori tarah se prachalit hone mean kuchh samay lagega, kiantu yah sudhar to turant kiya ja sakata hai ki kachchi divaroan par jalabhedy palastar kar diya jaya kare. bharat ki kee anusandhan sansthaoan ne is kam ke lie kee ritiyaan bataeean haian. inamean simeant ke sath kath koyala, sabun tatha any padarth athava bitumain ke mishran aur ghol aj bhi prayukt hote haian. in ritiyoan ki tulanatmak jaanch bharat ki 'keandriy s dak anusandhan sanstha' (seantral rod risarch ianstityoot) ne ki hai. parikshan mean nimnokt kary kie ge haian-

1. 144 ghante tak 15-20 mil prati ghante ke veg se divaroan par pani ka satat chhi dakav
2. uparilikhit dhang se ratri ke samay utane hi veg se chhi dakav aur din mean dhoop lagane dena.

uparokt kary do mahine tak chaloo rakha gaya, arthath‌ chhi dakav aur sukhane ke 60 chakr jari rakhe ge. pata chala ki bitumen aur pani ke payas se sarvadhik santoshaprad parinam nikalata hai. bitumen ka mitti ke tel ke sath ghol isase kuchh hi kam santoshajanak tha. bitumen ke payas se jalabhedy palastar banane ki riti is prakar hai-10 ghan phut achchhi mitti aur 20 ser chhote kate bhoose ko ek mean mila diya jae. par, jaisa sadharan mitti ke palastar mean kiya jata hai, bich-bich mean pair ya phav de se ise achchhi tarah ulta-palata jae. palastar karane ke do ghante poorv isamean bitumen payas dal diya jata hai aur phav de se athava pairoan se gooanthakar achchhi tarah diya jata hai.

palastar lagana

kachchi divar par pani chhi dakakar ek ianch mota palastar lagana chahie aur use karani se rag dakar prishth ko chikana kar dena chahie. yadi yah kam ushn rritu mean kiya jae to palastar par kabhi-kabhi pani chhi dakana chahie, anyatha palastar ke chatakh jane ka dar rahata hai. jab palastar tho da sookh jae, tab us par ek bar gobari karani chahie, arthath‌ gay ke govar tatha mitti aur pani ke mishran se lep kar dena chahie. is mishran ke lie mitti ek ghan phut, gobar das ser tatha payas do ser nuskha prayog mean laya jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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