कठपुतली

kathaputali
kathaputaliyaan natak|200px|center
vivaran	'kathaputali' ka khel atyant prachin natakiy khel hai, jo samast sabhy sansar mean prashaant mahasagar ke pashchimi tat se poorvi tat tak-vyapak roop prachalit raha hai.
itihas	eesa poorv chauthi shatabdi mean panini ki ashtadhyayi mean 'natasootr' mean 'putala natak' ka ullekh milata hai.
vishesh	bharat mean paranparik putali natakoan ki kathavastu mean pauranik sahity, lokakathaean aur kivadantiyoan ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika rahi hai. pahale amar sianh rathau d, prithviraj, hir-raanjha, laila-majanooan aur shirian-farahad ki kathaean hi kathaputali khel mean dikhaee jati thian.
sanbandhit lekh	vishv kathaputali divas
any janakari	kathaputaliyaan ya to lak di ki hoti haian ya peris-plastar ki ya kagaz ki lugdi ki. usake sharir ke bhag is prakar jo de jate haian ki unase bandhi dor khianchane par ve alag-alag hil sakean.

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kathaputali ka khel atyant prachin natakiy khel hai, jo samast sabhy sansar mean prashaant mahasagar ke pashchimi tat se poorvi tat tak-vyapak roop prachalit raha hai. yah khel gu diyoan athava putaliyoan (puttalikaoan) dvara khela jata hai. gu diyoan ke nar mada roopoan dvara jivan ke anek prasangoan ki, vibhinn vidhiyoan se, isamean abhivyakti ki jati hai aur jivan ko natakiy vidhi se manch par prastut kiya jata hai. kathaputaliyaan ya to lak di ki hoti haian ya peris-plastar ki ya kagaz ki lugdi ki. usake sharir ke bhag is prakar jo de jate haian ki unase bandhi dor khianchane par ve alag-alag hil sakean.

itihas

kathaputali ka itihas bahut purana hai. eesa poorv chauthi shatabdi mean panini ki ashtadhyayi mean 'natasootr' mean 'putala natak' ka ullekh milata hai. kuchh log kathaputali ke janm ko lekar pauranik akhyan ka zikr karate haian ki shivaji ne kath ki moorti mean pravesh kar parvati ka man bahalakar is kala ki shuruat ki thi. kahani ‘sianhasan battisi’ mean bhi vikramadity ke sianhasan ki 'battis putaliyoan' ka ullekh hai. satavardhan kal mean bharat se poorvi eshiya ke deshoan iandoneshiya, thaeelaiand, myaanmar, java, shrilanka adi mean isaka vistar hua. aj yah kala chin, roos, roomaniya, ianglaiand, chekoslovakiya, amerika v japan adi anek deshoan mean pahuanch chuki hai. in deshoan mean is vidha ka sam-samayik prayog kar ise bahuayami roop pradan kiya gaya hai. vahaan kathaputali manoranjan ke alava shiksha, vijnapan adi anek kshetroan mean istemal kiya ja raha hai. [[chitr:Kathputli-Jaisalmer-1.jpg|thumb|300px|left|jaisalamer ke bazar mean kathaputaliyaan]] bharat mean paranparik putali natakoan ki kathavastu mean pauranik sahity, lokakathaean aur kivadantiyoan ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika rahi hai. pahale amar sianh rathau d, prithviraj, hir-raanjha, laila-majanooan aur shirian-farahad ki kathaean hi kathaputali khel mean dikhaee jati thian, lekin ab sam-samayik vishayoan, mahila shiksha, praudh shiksha, parivar niyojan ke sath-sath hasy-vyangy, jnanavardhak v any manoranjak karyakram dikhae jane lage haian.

kathaputaliyoan ka istemal sampreshan ke liye kafi pahale se ho raha hai. hamare desh mean to yah kala lagabhag do hazar varsh purani hai. pahale natakoan ko prastut karane ka ek matr madhyam kathaputaliyaan hi thian. aj to hamare pas adhunik takanik vale kee madhyam rediyo, ti.vi, adhunik takaniki suvidhaoan vali rangashalayean, manch sabhi kuchh hai. lekin pahale ya to lok paranparaoan ki naty shailiyaan thian ya phir kathaputaliyaan.

bharatiy sanskriti

bharatiy sanskriti ka pratibianb lokakalaoan mean jhalakata hai. inhian lokakalaoan mean kathaputali kala bhi shamil hai. yah desh ki saanskritik dharohar hone ke sath-sath prachar-prasar ka sashakt madhyam bhi haian, lekin adhunik sabhyata ke chalate manoranjan ke nit ne sadhan ane se sadiyoan purani yah kala ab lupt hone ke kagar par hai. thumb|300px|kathaputaliyaan kathaputali nach ki har qism mean parshv se us ilake ka sangit bajata hai, jahaan ka vah nach hota hai. kathaputali nachane vala git gata hai aur sanvad bolata hai. zahir hai, inhean n keval hastakaushal dikhana p data hai, balki achchha gayak v sanvad adakar bhi banana p data hai.

bharat mean kathaputali

bharat mean kathaputali nachane ki paranpara kafi purani rahi hai. dhage se, dastane dvara v chhaya vali kathaputaliyaan kafi prasiddh haian aur paranparagat kathaputali nartak sthan-sthan jakar logoan ka manoranjan karate haian. inake vishay bhi aitihasik prem prasangoan v janashrutiyoan ke lie jane jate haian. in kathaputaliyoan se us sthan ki chitrakala, vastukala, veshabhoosha aur alankari kalaoan ka pata chalata hai, jahaan se ve ati haian.

riti-rivajoan par adharit kathaputali ke pradarshan mean bhi kafi badalav a gaya hai. ab yah khel s dakoan, gali-koochoan mean n hokar phlad laits ki chakachauandh mean b de-b de manchoan par hone laga hai.

rajasthan ki kathaputali kafi prasiddh haian. yahaan dhage se baandhakar kathaputali nachaee jati haian. lak di aur kap de se banian aur madhyakalin rajasthani poshak pahane in kathaputaliyoan dvara itihas ke prem prasang darshae jate haian. amarasianh rathaur ka charitr kafi lokapriy hai, kyoanki isamean yuddh aur nrity dikhane ki bharapoor sanbhavanaean haian. isake sath ek siti-jise boli kahate haian- jisase tej dhun bajaee jati hai, prayog ki jati hai.

kathaputali ki sabase khas bat yah hai ki isamean kee kalaoan ka sammishran hai. isamean lekhan kala, naty kala, chitrakala, moortikala, kashthakala, vastr nirman kala, roop sajja, sangit, nrity jaisi kee kalaoan ka istemal hota hai. isiliye sambhavatah bejan hone ke bad bhi ye kathaputaliyaan jis samay apani poori saj sajja ke sath manch par upasthit hoti haian to darshak poori tarah unake sath bandh jata hai.

kathaputaliyoan ke roop

uttar pradesh mean sabase pahale kathaputaliyoan ke madhyam ka istemal shuroo hua tha. shuroo mean inaka istemal prachin kal ke raja maharajaoan ki kathaoan, dharmik, pauranik akhyanoan aur rajanitik vyangyoan ko prastut karane ke liye kiya jata tha. uttar pradesh se dhire-dhire is kala ka prasar dakshin bharat ke sath hi desh ke any bhagoan mean bhi hua. thumb|300px|left|kathaputaliyaan u disa ka 'sakhi kuandeee', asam ka 'putala nach', maharashtr ka 'malasootri bahuli' aur karnatak ki 'gombeyetta' dhage se nachaee jane vali kathaputaliyoan ke roop haian. tamilanadu ki 'bommalattam' kafi kaushal vali kala hai, jisamean b di-b di kathaputaliyaan dhagoan aur dandoan ki sahayata se nachaee jati haian. yahi kala aandhr pradesh aur karnatak mean bhi paee jati hai.

janavaroan ki khal se bani, khoobasoorati se rangi gee aur sajavati taur par chhidrit chhaya kathaputaliyaan aandhr pradesh, karnatak, u disa aur keral mean kafi lokapriy haian. unamean kee jo d hote haian, jinaki sahayata se unhean nachaya jata hai. keral ke 'tolapavakoothu' aur aandhr pradesh ke 'tholu bomalata' mean mukhyatah pauranik kathaean hi darshayi jati haian, jabaki karnatak ke 'togalu gombe atta' mean dharmetar vishay evan charitr bhi shamil kie jate haian.

dastane vali kathaputaliyaan nachane vala darshakoan ke samane baithakar hi unhean nachata hai. is qism ki kathaputali ka nrity keral ka 'pavakathakali' hai. u disa ka 'kuandheinach' bhi aisa hi hai.

pashchim bangal ka 'patul nach' dande ki sahayata se nachaee jane vali kathaputali ka nach hai. ek b di-si kathaputali nachane vale ki kamar se bandhe khanbhe se baandhi jati hai aur vah parde ke pichhe rahakar dandoan ki sahayata se use nachata hai. u disa ke 'kathikuandheee' nach mean kathaputaliyaan chhoti hoti haian aur nachane vala dhage aur dande ki sahayata se unhean nachata hai.

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