कबीरपंथ

kabirapanth kabir ke nam par sthapit madhyakalin bharatiy sanpraday hai. kabir ne hi isaka pravartan kiya tha, yah vivadaspad hai. kabirapanthi sahity se jnat hota hai ki sant kabir ne chaturdik apane vicharoan ka prachar karane ke lie apane char pramukh shishyoan- 'chatrabhuj', 'banke ji', 'sahate ji' aur 'dharmadas' ko bheja tha. pratham tin shishyoan ke sanbandh mean koee vivaran prapt nahian hai. dharmadas ke vishay mean avashy yah soochana milati hai ki unhoanne kabir panth ki 'dharmadasi' athava 'chhattisagadhi' shakha ki sthapana ki thi. is samay jo any sansthaean dikhaee p dati haian, ve bhi kabir athava unake kisi shishy athava kisi paravarti vyakti ke nam se hi sanbaddh haian. kabir ke nam par hi dvadash panthoan ka bhi ullekh milata hai. inamean kabir ke prati shraddha vyakti ki gee hai. kuchh log in dvadvash panthoan ko shuddh kalpana manate haian.

shakhaean

kabirapanth ki vibhinn sansthaoan ke vibhajan ke sanbandh mean do mat milate haian. ek mat ke anusar kabirapanth ki do pramukh shakhaean bataee gee haian. pratham shakha ka keandr 'kabirachaura' (kashi) hai. isaki ek upashakha magahar mean hai. doosara keandr chhattisagadh ke aantargat hai, jisaki sthapana dharmadas ne ki thi. isaki bhi anek shakhaean, upashakhaean bataee gee haian. doosare mat ke anusar kabirapanth ke nam se chalane vali sansthaoan ka vibhajan is prakar hai-

(k) svatantr roop se sthapit kabirapanth ki shakhaean, jinaka sanbandh aise vyaktiyoan se jo da jata hai, jo kabir ke pramukh shishyoan mean se the-

1. ramakabir panth
2. phatuha math
3. biddoopur math
4. bhagatahi shakha
5. kabirachara (kashi)
6. chhattisagadhi ya dharmadasi shakha

(kh) chhattisagadhi shakha se sanbandh vichchhed karake prithakh math ke roop mean sthapit shakhaean is prakar haian-

1. kabirachaura jagadishapuri
2. harakesar math
3. kabir-nirnay-mandir (burahanapur)
4. lakshmipur math

shesh pramukh shakhaoan mean se kuchh aisa haian, jinhean uparyukt svatantr shakhaoan mean se kisi n kisi ki upashakha matr kah sakate haian. achary gaddi, b daiya aur mahadev math, rus da jaisi sansthaean kabirapanthi vicharadhara dvara prabhavit kahi ja sakati haian. madhyakalin jati-upajati-vikas ke anusar hi kabir ke nam se prachalit 'panika' kabirapanthiyoan tatha kabiravashianyoan ka aise samooh ke roop mean vikas ho gaya hai, jise ham juggi jaisi vishisht jati kah sakate haian.

vistar

gujarat mean prachalit ramakabir panth ke pravartak kabir shishy 'padmanabh' tatha patana mean 'phatuha math' ke pravartak tatvajiva athava ganeshadas batae jate haian. isi prakar mujaphpharapur zilaantargat kabirapanth ki biddoorapur mathavali shakha ki sthapana kabir ke shishy jagoodas ne ki thi. bihar mean saran zile ke aantargat dhanauti mean sthapit bhagatahi shakha ke pravartak kabir shishy bhagodas va bhagavan gosaeean kahe jate haian. bhagatahi shakha mean bhakti bhavana hi pradhan hai, n ki brahyopachar. suratagopal dvara pravartit kashisth kabirachaura shakha any shakhaoan se prachin samajhi jati hai. lekin kuchh log isamean sandeh bhi vyakti karate hai. kashi sthit laharatara, basti zile mean sthit magahar kabirabag (gaya) mean isaki upashakhaean bataee jati haian. kabirapanth ki any shakhaoan ki tulana mean chhattisagadhi shakha adhik vyapak hai. is shakha dvara paryapt saanpradayik sahity bhi nirmit hua hai. chhattisagadhi shakha ki anek upashakhaean maandala, damakhe da, chhatarapur adi sthanoan mean sthapit haian. inake atirikt kabirapanth ki anek any shakhaoan, upashakhaoan ka bhi ullekh milata hai.

kalpanaean

kabirapanthi sansthaoan ke astitv mean a jane par unamean anek prakar ki pauranik kathaoan ki si kalpana karake kabir ko vishesh prakar ka alaukik roop de diya gaya. sath hi sansar ki srishti, vinash, vibhinn lokoan ki bhi kalpanaean kar li gee haian. is prakar ke kabirapanthi sahity ke adhikaansh bhag ka, jo pauranik kathaoan, karmakaand athava goshthiyoan, sanvadoan adi se sanbaddh hai, nirman chhattisagadhi shakha ke anuyayiyoan dvara kiya gaya. isake aantargat 'sukhanidhan', 'gurumahatmy', 'amaramool', 'gorakhagoshthi', 'anuragasagar', 'niranjanabodh' aur 'kabir mansoor' jaisi rachanaoan ki ganana ki jati hai. is prakar ke sahity nirman dvara kabir mool roop vastut: tirohit ho gaya aur jis sanpradayavad, karmakaand, bahyadanbar adi ka unhoanne virodh kiya tha, un sabaka vidhivat prachar, prasar kabirapanthi sansthaoan dvara hone laga.

pramukh granth

kabir ka pramukh dharmasthan kabirachaura aj tak prasiddh hai. yahaan par ek math aur kabiradas ka mandir hai, jisamean unaka chitr rakha hua hai. desh ke vibhinn bhagoan se sahasroan yatri yahaan par darshan karane ate haian. inake mool siddhant nimnaankit granthoan mean pae jate haian-

brahmaniroopan, eesamuktavali, kabiraparichay ki sakhi, shabdavali, pad, sakhiyaan, dohe, sukhanidhan, gorakhanath ki goshthi, kabirapanji, valakk ki ramaini, ramanand ki goshthi, anand ramasagar, anathamangal, aksharabhed ki ramaini, aksharakhand ki ramaini, arifanama kabir ka, arjanama kabir ka, arati kabirakrit, bhakti ka aang, chhappay, chaukaghar ki ramaini, muhammadi banau, nam mahatmy, piya pahichanave ko aang, jnanagudari, jnanasagar, jnanasvaroday, kabirashtak, karamakhand ki ramaini, pukar, shabd analahak, sadhakoan ke aang, satasang ko aang, svasaguannjar, tisa janm, kabir krit janmabodh, jnanasambodhan, mukhahom, nirbhayajnan, satanam ya satakabir bani, jnanastotr, hindora, satakabir, bandichhor, shabd vanshavali, ugragita, basant, holi, rekhata, jhoolana, khasara, hindola, barahamasa, chaanchara, chautisa, alifanama, ramaini, bijak, agam, ramasar, soratha kabiraji krit, shabd parakha aur jnanabatisi, ramaraksha, athapahara, nirbhayajnan, kabir aur dharmadas ki goshthi adi.

ekeshvaravadi

kabiradas ne svayan granth nahian likhe, keval mukh se bhakhe haian. inake bhajanoan tatha upadeshoan ko inake shishyoan ne lipibaddh kiya. inhoanne ek hi vichar ko saik doan prakar se kaha hai aur sabamean ek hi bhav pratidhvanit hota hai. ye ramanam ki mahima gate the, ek hi eeshvar (ekeshvaravad) ko manate the aur karmakand ke ghor virodhi the. avatar, moorti, roja, eed, masajid, mandir adi ko nahian manate the. ahiansa, manushy matr ki samata tatha sansar ki asarata ko inhoanne bar-bar gaya hai. ye upanishadoan ke nirgun brahma ko manate the aur saf kahate the ki vahi shuddh eeshvar hai, chahe use ram kaho ya alla. aisi dasha mean inaki shikshaoan ka prabhav shishyoan dvara parivartan se ulta nahian ja sakata tha. tho da-sa ulat-pulat karane se keval itana phal ho sakata hai ki ramanam adhik n hokar satyanam adhik ho. yah nishchit bat hai ki ye ramanam aur satyanam donoan ko bhajanoan mean rakhate the. pratimapoojan inhoanne nindaniy mana hai. avataroan ka vichar inhoanne tyajy bataya hai. do-char sthanoan par kuchh aise shabd haian, jinase avatar mahima vyakt hoti hai.

mat-virodhabhas

kabir ke mukhy vichar unake granthoan mean sooryavath chamak rahe haian, kintu unase yah nahian jan p data ki avagaman siddhant par ve hindoo mat ko manate the ya musalaman mat ko. any batoan par koee vastavik virodh kabir ki shikshaoan mean nahian dikhata. kabir sahab ke bahut-se shishy unake jivan kal mean hi ho ge the. bharat mean ab bhi ath-nau lakh manushy kabirapanthi haian. inamean musalaman tho de hi haian aur hindoo bahut adhik haian. kabirapanthi kanthi pahanate haian, bijak, ramaini adi granthoan ke prati poojy bhav rakhate haian. guru ko sarvopari manate haian.

nirgunamargi panth

nirgun-nirakaravadi kabirapanthi ke prabhav se hi anek nirgunamargi panth chal nikale. yatha-

nanakapanth panjab mean, dadoopanth jayapur (rajasthan) mean, laladasi alavar mean, satyanami naranaul mean, babalali sarahind mean, sadhupanth dilli ke pas, shivanarayani gajipur mean, garibadasi rohatak mean, malookadasi k da (prayag) mean, ramasanehi rajasthan mean. kabirapanth ko milakar in gyarahoan mean saman roop mean akele nirgun nirakar eeshvar ki upasana ki jati hai. moortipooja varjit hai, upasana aur pooja ka kam kisi bhi jati ka vyakti kar sakata hai. guru ki upasana par b da zor diya jata hai. in sabaka poora sahity hindi sahity mean hai. ramanam, satyanam athava shabd ka jap aur yog inaka vishesh sadhan hai. vyavahar mean bahut se kabirapanthi bahudevavad, karm, janmantar aur tirth ityadi bhi manate haian.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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