करतार सिंह सराभा
karatar sianh sarabha
| |
| janm | 24 mee, 1896 |
| janm bhoomi | ludhiyana, panjab |
| mrityu | 16 navambar, 1915 |
| mrityu karan | phaansi |
| abhibhavak | mangal sianh (pita), mata sahib kaur (mata) |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| prasiddhi | svatantrata senani |
| shiksha | haee skool |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi, panjabi |
| vishesh yogadan | sarabha ne lahaur, firojapur, layalapur evan amritasar adi chhavaniyoan mean ghoom-ghoomakar panjabi sainikoan ko sangathit karake unhean viplav karane hetu prerit kiya. |
| any janakari | bhaee paramanand ji ne sarabha ke jel ke jivan ka varnan karate hue likha hai, "sarabha ko kothari mean bhi hathak diyoan aur be diyoan se yukt rakha jata tha. unase sipahi bahut darate the. |
karatar sianh sarabha (aangrezi: Kartar Singh Sarabha, janm- 24 mee, 1896, ludhiyana; mrityu- 16 navambar, 1915) bharat ke prasiddh krantikariyoan mean se ek the. unhean apane shaury, sahas, tyag evan balidan ke lie hamesha yad kiya jata rahega. mahabharat ke yuddh mean jis prakar vir abhimanyu ne kishoravastha mean hi kartavy ka palan karate hue mrityu ka aliangan kiya tha, usi prakar sarabha ne bhi abhimanyu ki bhaanti keval unnis varsh ki ayu mean hi hansate-hansate desh ke lie apane jivan ka balidan kar diya. unake shaury evan balidan ki marmik gatha aj bhi bharatiyoan ko prerana deti hai aur deti rahegi. yadi aj ke yuvak sarabha ke bataye hue marg par chalean, to n keval apana, apitu desh ka mastak bhi ooancha kar sakate haian.
janm tatha shiksha
karatar sianh sarabha ka janm panjab ke ludhiyana zile ke 'saraba' namak gram mean 'mata sahib kaur' ke garbh se hua tha. unake pita ka nam mangal sianh tha, jinake do bhaee the- unamean se ek uttar pradesh mean ianspektar ke pad par pratishthit tha tatha doosara bhaee u disa mean van vibhag ke adhikari ke pad par karyarat tha. sarabha ki ek chhoti bahan bhi thi, jisaka nam dhann kaur tha. us samay u disa, bangal rajy ke aantargat ata tha. balyavastha mean hi sarabha ke pita ka svargavas ho gaya tha. unake dada badan sianh ne unaka tatha chhoti bahan ka lalan-palan kiya tha. sarabha ne apani prarambhik shiksha ludhiyana mean hi prapt ki thi. navian kaksha pas karane ke pashchath ve apane chacha ke pas u disa chale gaye aur vahian se haee skool ki pariksha pas ki.
kraanti ka prabhav
1905 ee. ke 'bangal vibhajan' ke viruddh kraantikari andolan prarambh ho chuka tha, jisase prabhavit hokar karatar sianh sarabha kraantikariyoan mean sammilit ho gaye. yadyapi unhean bandi nahian banaya gaya, tathapi kraantikari vichar ki j dean unake hriday mean gaharaee tak pahuanch chuki thian.
lala haradayal ka sath
1911 ee. mean sarabha apane kuchh sambandhiyoan ke sath amerika chale gaye. ve 1912 mean sen fraansisko pahuanche. vahaan par ek amerikan adhikari ne unase poochha "tum yahaan kyoan aye ho?" sarabha ne uttar dete hue kaha, "maian uchch shiksha prapt karane ke uddeshy se aya hooan." kintu sarabha uchch shiksha prapt nahian kar sake. ve havaee jahaj banana evan chalana sikhana chahate the. at: is uddeshy ki poorti hetu ek karakhane mean bharati ho gaye. isi samay unaka sampark lala haradayal se hua, jo amerika mean rahate hue bhi bharat ki svatantrata ke lie prayatnashil dikhe. unhoanne sen fraansisko mean rahakar kee sthanoan ka daura kiya aur bhashan diye. sarabha hamesha unake sath rahate the aur pratyek kary mean unhean sahayog dete the.
sahas ki pratimoorti
karatar sianh sarabha sahas ki pratimoorti the. desh ki azadi se sambandhit kisi bhi kary mean ve hamesha age rahate the. 25 march, 1913 ee. mean oregan prant mean bharatiyoan ki ek bahut b di sabha huee, jisake mukhy vakta lala haradayal the. unhoanne sabha mean bhashan dete hue kaha tha, "mujhe aise yuvakoan ki avashyakata hai, jo bharat ki svatantrata ke lie apane pran de sakean." is par sarvapratham karatar sianh sarabha ne uthakar apane apako prastut kiya. taliyoan ki g dag dahat ke bich lala haradayal ne sarabha ko apane gale se laga liya.
sampadan kary
isi sabha mean 'gadar' nam se ek samachar patr nikalane ka nishchay kiya gaya, jo bharat ki svatantrata ka prachar kare. ise kee bhashaoan mean prakashit kiya jaye aur jin-jin deshoan mean bharatavasi rahate haian, un sabhi mean ise bheja jaye. phalat: 1913 ee. mean 'gadar' prakashit hua. isake panjabi sanskaran ke sampadak ka kary sarabha hi karate the.
yojana ki asaphalata
1914 ee. mean jab 'pratham vishv yuddh' prarambh hua, to aangrez yuddh mean buri tarah phans gaye. aisi sthiti mean 'gadar parti' ke karyakartaoan ne socha aur yojana banaee ki yadi is samay bharat mean vidroh ho jaye, to bharat ko azadi mil sakati hai. at: amerika mean rahane vale char hazar bharatiy isake lie taiyar ho gaye. unhoanne apana sab kuchh bechakar gola-barood aur pistolean kharidian aur jahaj mean baithakar bharat ke lie ravana ho gaye. un logoan mean se ek sarabha bhi the. lekin kary poorn hone se poorv hi bhed khul jane ke karan bahut se logoan ko gola-barood sahit marg mean evan kuchh ko bharat ke samudri tat ke kinare par pahuanchane se poorv hi bandi bana liya gaya. sarabha apane sathiyoan ke sath kisi prakar se bach nikalane mean saphal rahe. ab panjab pahuanchakar unhoanne gupt roop se vidroh ke lie taiyariyaan arambh kar dian.
kraantikariyoan se bheant
sarabha ne gupt roop se kraantikariyoan se milane ka nishchay kiya, taki bharat mean viplav ki ag jalaee ja sake. isi uddeshy ki poorti hetu unhoanne surendranath banarji, rasabihari bos, shachindranath sanyal adi kraantikariyoan se bheant ki. unake prayatnoan se jalandhar ki ek bagichi mean ek goshthi ayojit ki gee, jisamean panjab ke sabhi kraantikariyoan ne bhag liya. is samay sarabha ki ayu matr 19 varsh ki thi. is goshthi mean panjab ke kraantikariyoan ne yah sujhav diya ki rasabihari bos ko panjab mean akar kraantikariyoan ka sangathan banana chahie. phalat: rasabihari bos ne panjab akar sainikoan ka sangathan banaya. isi samay unhoanne vidroh ke lie ek yojana bhi banaee. is yojana ke anusar samast bharat mean phauji chhavaniyaan ek hi din aur ek hi samay mean aangrez sarakar ke viruddh vidroh kareangi.
sarabha ne lahaur, firojapur, layalapur evan amritasar adi chhavaniyoan mean ghoom-ghoomakar panjabi sainikoan ko sangathit karake unhean viplav karane hetu prerit kiya. vastut: sarabha ne panjab ki samast phauji chhavaniyoan mean viplav ki agni prajjvalit kar di thi.
pun: asaphalata
rasabihari bos chhadm vesh mean lahaur mean ek makan mean rahate the. sarabha unake pas milane ke lie ate-jate rahate the. yojana ke anusar 21 faravari, 1915 ee. ka din samast bharat mean kraanti ke lie nishchit kiya gaya tha. par 15 faravari ko hi bhed khul gaya. hua yah ki ek guptachar kraantikari dal mean sammilit ho gaya tha. use jab 21 faravari ko samast bharat mean kraanti hone ke bare mean janakari mili, to usane 16 faravari ko us bhed ko british sarakar ke samaksh prakat kar diya. phalat: charoan or joroan se giraphtariyaan hone lagian. bangal tatha panjab mean to giraphtariyoan ka taanta lag gaya. rasabihari bos kisi prakar lahaur se varanasi hote hue kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) chale gaye aur vahaan se chhadm nam se pasaport banavakar japan chale gaye.
giraphtari
rasabihari bos ne lahaur chho dane se poorv sarabha ko qabul chale jane ka paramarsh diya tha. at: unhoanne qabul ke lie prasthan kar diya. jab ve vajirabad pahuanche, to unake man mean yah vichar aya ki is tarah chhipakar bhagane se achchha hai ki ve desh ke lie phaansi ke phande par chadhakar apane pran nichhavar kar dean. kisi ne thik hi likha hai-
vir mrityu se kabhi n darate,
hans kar gale lagate haian,
phooloan ki komal shaiya samajh,
sooli par so jate haian.
sarabha ke man mean aisa vichar ate hi ve vajirabad ki phauji chhavani mean chale gaye aur vahaan unhoanne phaujiyoan ke samaksh bhashan dete hue kaha, "bhaiyoan, aangrez videshi haian. hamean unaki bat nahian manani chahie. hamean apas mean milakar aangrezi shasan ko samapt kar dena chahie." sarabha ne giraphtar hone ke lie hi aisa bhashan diya tha. phalat: unhean giraphtar kar liya gaya. is avasar par unhoanne b de garv ke sath svikar kiya ki ve aangrezi shasan ko samapt karane ke lie sainik vidroh karana chahate the.
mukadama
karatar sianh sarabha par hatya, daka, shasan ko ulatane ka abhiyog lagakar 'lahaur sh dayantr' ke nam se mukadama chalaya gaya. unake sath 63 doosare adamiyoan par bhi mukadama chalaya gaya tha. sarabha ne adalat mean apane aparadh ko svikar karate hue ye shabd kahe, "maian bharat mean kraanti lane ka samarthak hooan aur is uddeshy ki poorti ke lie amerika se yahaan aya hooan. yadi mujhe mrityudand diya jayega, to maian apane apako saubhagyashali samajhooanga, kyoanki punarjanm ke siddhaant ke anusar mera janm phir se bharat mean hoga aur maian matribhoomi ki svatantrata ke lie kam kar sakooanga." jaj ne un 63 vyaktiyoan mean se 24 ko phaansi ki saza sunaee. jab isake viruddh apil ki gee, to sat vyaktiyoan ki phaansi ki saza poorvavath rakhi gee thi. un sat vyaktiyoan ke nam the- karatar sianh sarabha, vishnu piangale, kashiram, jagatasianh, harinam sianh, sajjan sianh evan bakhshish sianh. phaansi par jhoolane se poorv sarabha ne yah shabd kahe-
he bhagavan meri yah prarthana hai ki maian bharat mean us samay tak janm leta rahooan, jab tak ki mera desh svatantr n ho jaye.
phaansi
16 navambar, 1915 ee. ko sarabha hansate-hansate phaansi ke phande par jhool gaye. jaj ne unake mukadame ka nirnay sunate hue kaha tha, "is yuvak ne amerika se lekar hindustan tak aangrez shasan ko ulatane ka prayas kiya. ise jab aur jahaan bhi avasar mila, aangrezoan ko hani pahuanchane ka prayatn kiya. isaki avastha bahut kam hai, kintu aangrezi shasan ke lie b da bhayanak hai."
bhaee paramanand ka varnan
bhaee paramanand ji ne sarabha ke jel ke jivan ka varnan karate hue likha hai, "sarabha ko kothari mean bhi hathak diyoan aur be diyoan se yukt rakha jata tha. unase sipahi bahut darate the. unhean jab bahar nikala jata tha, to sipahiyoan ki b di tuk di unake age-pichhe chalati thi. unake sir par mrityu savar thi, kintu ve hansate-muskarate rahate the." bhaee paramanand ji ne sarabha ke sambandh mean age aur likha hai, "maianne sarabha ko amerika mean dekha tha. ve gadar parti ke karyakartaoan mean mukhy the. ve b de sahasi aur vir the. jis kam ko koee bhi nahian kar sakata tha, use karane ke lie sarabha sada taiyar rahate the. unhean kaantoan ki rah par chalane mean sukh maloom hota tha, mrityu ko gale lagane mean anand prapt hota tha."
sarabha jab amerika se jahaj mean baithakar bharat a rahe the, tab raste mean hi unake bahut se sathi giraphtar kar liye gaye the, par ve kisi bhi tarah bachakar panjab a gaye aur kuchh hi samay mean apani deshabhakti evan virata ke karan prasiddhi prapt kar li. unhoanne panjab ke kraantikariyoan ko sangathit kiya aur charoan or ghoom-ghoomakar phaujiyoan ko vidroh karane hetu prerit kiya. yadi bhed n khulata, to sare bharat mean ek sath kraanti ki agni ki lapatoan mean british shasan jal kar rakh ho jata. sarabha bhi bharat maan ke ek aise lal the, jinhoanne desh ki svatantrata ke lie asankhy kasht sahe aur yahaan tak ki apane pranoan ka utsarg kar diya. aise vir sapoot ka nam bharatiy svatantrata aandolan ke itihas mean hamesha svarn aksharoan mean likha jayega.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh