किसान आन्दोलन
kisan andolan
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| vivaran | nil vidroh, pabana vidroh, tebhaga andolan, champaran satyagrah, baradoli satyagrah aur mopala vidroh pramukh kisan andolan ke roop mean jane jate haian. |
| shuruat | 1859 ee. |
| prasiddhi | bharat mean kee jagahoan par 'kisan andolan' hue. inamean se adhikaansh andolan aangrezoan ke khilaf kiye ge the. kitane hi samachar patroan ne kisanoan ke shoshan, unake sath hone vale sarakari adhikariyoan ke pakshapatapoorn vyavahar aur kisanoan ke sangharsh ko apane patroan mean pramukhata se prakashit kiya tha. |
| any janakari | telangana krishak andolan bharatiy itihas ke sabase lambe chhapamar krishak yuddh ka sakshi bana. |
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1857 ee. ke pratham svatantrata sangram ko aangrezoan ne kuchh deshi riyasatoan ki sahayata se daba to diya, lekin isake pashchath bhi bharat mean kee jagahoan par sangram ki jvala logoan ke diloan mean dahakati rahi. isi bich anekoan sthanoan par ek ke bad ek kee kisan andolan hue. inamean se adhikaansh andolan aangrezoan ke khilaf kiye ge the. kitane hi samachar patroan ne kisanoan ke shoshan, unake sath hone vale sarakari adhikariyoan ke pakshapatapoorn vyavahar aur kisanoan ke sangharsh ko apane patroan mean pramukhata se prakashit kiya tha. nil vidroh, pabana vidroh, tebhaga andolan, champaran satyagrah, baradoli satyagrah aur mopala vidroh pramukh kisan andolan ke roop mean jane jate haian. jahaan 1918 ee. ka khe da satyagrah gaandhiji dvara shuroo kiya gaya, vahian 'mehata bandhuoan' (kalyan ji tatha kuanvar ji) ne bhi 1922 ee. mean baradoli satyagrah ko prarambh kiya tha. bad mean is satyagrah ka netritv saradar vallabh bhaee patel ji ke hathoan mean raha.
pramukh kisan andolan
pratham svatantrata sangram ke pashchath bharat mean hue pramukh kisan andolan is prakar the-
nil andolan (1859-1860 ee.)
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
yah andolan bharatiyoan kisanoan dvara british nil utpadakoan ke khilaf bangal mean kiya gaya. apani arthik maangoan ke sandarbh mean kisanoan dvara kiya jane vala yah andolan us samay ka ek vishal andolan tha. aangrez adhikari bangal tatha bihar ke zamiandaroan se bhoomi lekar bina paisa diye hi kisanoan ko nil ki kheti mean kam karane ke lie vivash karate the, tatha nil utpadak kisanoan ko ek mamooli si raqam agrim dekar unase kararanama likha lete the, jo bazar bhav se bahut kam dam par hua karata tha. is pratha ko 'dadani pratha' kaha jata tha. [[chitr:Pandit-Madan-Mohan-Malaviya.jpg|thumb|left|pandit madanamohan malaviy]]
pabana vidroh (1873-1876 ee.)
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
pabana zile ke kashtakaroan ko 1859 ee. mean ek ekt dvara bedakhali evan lagan mean vriddhi ke viruddh ek sima tak sanrakshan prapt hua tha, isake babajood bhi zamiandaroan ne unase sima se adhik lagan vasoola evan unako unaki zamin ke adhikar se vanchit kiya. zamiandar ko zyadati ka mukabala karane ke lie 1873 ee. mean pabana ke yusuf saray ke kisanoan ne milakar ek 'krishak sangh' ka gathan kiya. is sangathan ka mukhy kary paise ekatr karana evan sabhayean ayojit karana hota tha.
dakkan vidroh
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
maharashtr ke poona evan ahamadanagar ziloan mean gujarati evan marava di sahookar dher sare hathakande apanakar kisanoan ka shoshan kar rahe the. disambar 1874 ee. mean ek soodakhor kalooram ne kisan (baba sahib deshamukh) ke khilaf adalat se ghar ki nilami ki dikri prapt kar li. is par kisanoan ne sahookaroan ke viruddh andolan shuroo kar diya. in sahookaroan ke viruddh andolan ki shuruat 1874 ee. mean shiroor taluka ke karadah gaanv se huee.
uttar pradesh mean kisan andolan
[[chitr:Mahatma-Gandhi-2.jpg|thumb|mahatma gaandhi]] homarool lig ke karyakataoan ke prayas tatha gaurishankar mishr, indr narayan dvivedi tatha madan mohan malaviy ke disha nirdeshan ke parinamasvaroop faravari, 1918 ee. mean uttar pradesh mean 'kisan sabha' ka gathan kiya gaya. 1919 ee. ke antim dinoan mean kisanoan ka sangathit vidroh khulakar samane aya. pratapagadh zile ki ek jagir mean 'naee dhobi band' samajik bahishkar sangathit karavaee ki pahali ghatana thi. avadh ki talukedari mean gram panchayatoan ke netritv mean kisan baithakoan ka silasila shuroo ho gaya. jhianguripal sianh evan durgapal sianh ne isamean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. lekin jald hi ek chehare ke roop mean baba ramachandr ubhar kar samane ae. uttar pradesh ke kisan andolan ko 1920 ee. ke dashak mean sarvadhik mazabooti baba ramachandr ne pradan ki. unake vyaktigat prayasoan se hi 17 aktoobar, 1920 ee. ko pratapagadh zile mean 'avadh kisan sabha' ka gathan kiya gaya. pratapagadh zile ka 'kharagaanv' kisan sabha ki gatividhiyoan ka pramukh kendr tha. is sangathan ko javaharalal neharoo, gaurishankar mishr, mata badal paande, kedaranath adi ne apane sahayog se shakti pradan ki. uttar pradesh ke haradoee, baharaich evan sitapur ziloan mean lagan mean vriddhi evan upaj ke roop mean lagan vasooli ko lekar avadh ke kisanoan ne 'eka andolan' nam ka andolan chalaya. is andolan mean kuchh zamiandar bhi shamil the. is andolan ke pramukh neta 'madari pasi' aur 'sahadev' the. ye donoan nimn jati ke kisan the.
mopala vidroh (1920 ee.)
keral ke malabar kshetr mean mopalaoan dvara 1920 ee. mean vidrah kiya gaya. prarambh mean yah vidroh aangrez hukoomat ke khilafॅ tha. mahatma gaandhi, shaukat ali, maulana abul kalam azad jaise netaoan ka sahayog is andolan ko prapt tha. is andolan ke mukhy neta ke roop mean 'ali musaliyar' charchit the. 15 faravari, 1921 ee. ko sarakar ne nishedhajna lagoo kar khilafat tatha kaangres ke neta yakoob hasan, yoo. gopal menan, pi. moiddin koya aur ke. madhavan nayar ko giraphtar kar liya. isake bad yah andolan sthaniy mopala netaoan ke hath mean chala gaya. 1920 ee. mean is andolan ne hindoo-musalamanoan ke madhy sampradayik andolan ka roop le liya, parantu shighr hi is andolan ko kuchal diya gaya.
kooka vidroh
[[chitr:Jawahar-Lal-Nehru.jpg|thumb|left| javaharalal neharoo]]
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
krishi sambandhi samasyaoan ke khilaf aangrez sarakar se l dane ke lie banaye gaye is sangathan ke sansthapak bhagat javaharamal the. 1872 ee. mean inake shishy baba ram sianh ne aangrezoan ka k daee se samana kiya. kalantar mean unhean kaid kar rangoon (ab yaangoon) bhej diya gaya, jahaan par 1885 ee. mean unaki mrityu ho gee.
ramosi kisanoan ka vidroh
maharashtr mean vasudev balavant ph dake ke netritv mean ramosi kisanoan ne zamiandaroan ke atyacharoan ke viruddh vidroh kiya.
ranpaoan ka vidroh
andhr pradesh mean sitaram rajoo ke netritv mean aupaniveshik shasan ke viruddh yah vidroh hua, jo 1879 ee. se lekar 1920-22 ee. tak chhitaput dhang se chalata raha. ranpaoan ko 'mutta' tatha unake zamiandar ko 'muttadar' kahate the. sulivan ne ranpaoan ke vidroh ke karanoan ki jaanch ki. usane naye zamidaroan ko hatakar purane zamiandaroan ko rakhane ki sipharish ki thi.
tana bhagat andolan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
is andolan ki shuruat 1914 eean. mean bihar mean huee. yah andolan lagan ki oochi dar tatha chaukidari kar ke viruddh kiya gaya tha. is andolan ke pravartak 'jatara bhagat' the, jise kabhi 'virasa', kabhi 'jami' to kabhi 'kesar baba' ke samatuly hone ki bat kahi gayi hai. isake atirikt any netaoan mean balaram bhagat, gururakshitani bhagat adi is andolan se sambaddh the. 'munda andolan' ki samapti ke qarib 13 varsh bad 'tana bhagat andolan' shuroo hua. yah aisa dharmik andolan tha, jisake rajanitik lakshy the. yah adivasi janata ko sangathit karane ke lie naye 'panth' ke nirman ka andolan tha. is mayane mean yah birasa munda andolan ka hi vistar tha. mukti-sangharsh ke kram mean birasa munda ne janajatiy panth ki sthapana ke lie samudayikata ke adarsh aur manadand nirdharit kiye the.
tebhaga andolan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
kisan andolanoan mean 1946 ee. ka bangal ka tebhaga andolan sarvadhik sashakt andolan tha, jisamean kisanoan ne 'phlaid kamishan' ki sifarish ke anuroop lagan ki dar ghatakar ek tihaee karane ke lie sangharsh shuroo kiya tha. yah andolan jotadaroan ke viruddh bantaeedaroan ka andolan tha. is andolan ke mahattvapoorn neta 'kamparam sianh' evan 'bhavan sianh' the. bangal ka 'tebhaga aandolan' fasal ka do-tihaee hissa utpidi़t bataeedar kisanoan ko dilane ka aandolan tha. yah bangal ke 28 mean se 15 ziloan mean phaila, visheshakar uttari aur tatavarti sundaraban kshetroan mean. 'kisan sabha' ke ahvan par l de ge is aandolan mean lagabhag 50 lakh kisanoan ne bhag liya aur ise khetihar mazadooroan ka bhi vyapak samarthan prapt hua.
telangana andolan
[[chitr:Abul-Kalam-Azad.gif|thumb|abulakalam azad ]] aandhr pradesh mean yah andolan zamiandaroan evan sahookaroan ke shoshan ki niti ke khilaf tatha bhrasht adhikariyoan ke atyachar ke viruddh 1946 ee. mean kiya gaya tha. 1858 ee. ke bad hue kisan andolanoan ka charitr poorv ke andolan se alag tha. ab kisan bagair kisi madhyasth ke svayan hi apani l daee l dane lage. inaki adhikaansh maange arthik hoti thian. kisan andolan ne rajanitik shakti ke abhav mean british upanivesh ka virodh nahian kiya. kisanoan ki l daee ke pichhe uddeshy vyavastha-parivartan nahian tha, balki ve yathasthiti banae rakhana chahate the. in andolanoan ki asaphalata ke pichhe kisi thos vicharadhara, samajik, arthik evan rajanitik karyakramoan ka abhav tha.
bijoliya kisan andolan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
yah 'kisan andolan' bharat bhar mean prasiddh raha, jo mashahoor kraantikari vijay sianh pathik ke netritv mean chala tha. bijoliya kisan andolan san 1847 se prarambh hokar qarib arddh shatabdi tak chalata raha. jis prakar is andolan mean kisanoan ne tyag aur balidan ki bhavana prastut ki, isake udaharan apavadasvaroop hi prapt haian. kisanoan ne jis prakar nirankush naukarashahi evan svechchhachari samantoan ka sangathit hokar muqabala kiya, vah itihas ban gaya.
akhil bharatiy kisan sabha (1936 ee.)
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
1923 ee. mean svami sahajanand sarasvati ne 'bihar kisan sabha' ka gathan kiya. 1928 ee. mean 'aandh prantiy raiyyat sabha' ki sthapana en.ji. ranga ne ki. u disa mean malati chaidhari ne 'uttakal prantiy kisan sabha' ki sthapana ki. bangal mean 'teanneansi ekt' ko lekar akaram khaan, abdurrahim, fajalulahak, ke prayasoan se 1929 ee. mean 'krishak praja parti' ki sthapana huee. aprail, 1935 ee. mean sanyukt prant mean kisan sangh ki sthapana huee. isi varsh en.ji. ranga evan any kisan netaoan ne sabhi prantiy kisan sabhaoan ko milakar ek 'akhil bharatiy kisan sangathan' banane ki yojana banaee.
champaran satyagrah
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
champaran ka mamala bahut purana tha. champaran ke kisanoan se aangrez bagan malikoan ne ek anubandh kara liya tha, jisake aantargat kisanoan ko zamin ke 3/20vean hisse par nil ki kheti karana anivary tha. ise 'tinakathiya paddhati' kahate the. 19vian shatabdi ke ant mean rasayanik ragoan ki khoj aur unake prachalan se nil ke bazar mean giravat ane lagi, jisase nil bagan ke malik apane karakhane band karane lage. kisan bhi nil ki kheti se chhutakara pana chahate the.
khe da satyagrah
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
champaran ke bad gaandhiji ne 1918 ee. mean khe da kisanoan ki samasyaoan ko lekar andolan shuroo kiya. khe da gujarat mean sthit hai. khe da mean gaandhiji ne apane pratham vastavik 'kisan satyagrah' ki shuruat ki. khe da ke kunabi-patidar kisanoan ne sarakar se lagan mean rahat ki maang ki, lekin koee riyasat nahian mili. gaandhiji ne 22 march, 1918 ee. mean khe da andolan ki bagador sambhali. any sahayogiyoan mean saradar vallabh bhaee patel aur indulal yajnanik the. 22 march, 1918 ee. ko nadiyad mean ek am sabha mean gaandhiji ne kisanoan ka lagan ada n karane ka sujhav diya. lagan n ada karane ka pahala nara khe da ke 'kap daganj' taluka mean sthaniy neta 'mohan pandya' ne diya. gaandhiji ke satyagrah ke age vivash hokar sarakar ne yah adesh diya ki, vasooli samarth kisanoan se hi ki jay.
baradoli satyagrah (1920 ee.)
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
soorat (gujarat) ke baradoli taluke mean 1928 ee. mean kisanoan dvara 'lagan' n adayagi ka andolan chalaya gaya. is andolan mean keval 'kunabi-patidar' jatiyoan ke bhoo-svami kisanoan ne hi nahian, balki 'kaliparaj' (kale log) janajati ke logoan ne bhi hissa liya. baradoli satyagrah poore rashtriy andolan ka sabase sangathit, vyapak evan saphal andolan raha hai. baradoli ke 'me data bandhuoan' (kalyan ji aur kuanvar ji) tatha dayal ji ne kisanoan ke samarthan mean 1922 ee. se andolan chalaya tha. bad mean isaka netritv saradar vallabh bhaee patel ne kiya. baradoli kshetr mean kaliparaj janajati rahati thi, jise 'hali paddhati' ke antargat uchch jatiyoan ke yahaan pushtaini mazadoor ke roop mean kary karana hota tha.
telangana ka kisan andolan (1946-1951 ee.)
haidarabad riyasat mean telangana mean dvitiy vishv yuddh ke bad yah andolan shuroo hua. yahaan par kisanoan se kam dam par anaj ki zabaran vasooli ki ja rahi thi, jisake karan unake andar ek akrosh utpann hua. is andolan ka tatkalik karan 'kamyunist neta' kamaraiya ki pulis dvara hatya kar dena tha. kisanoan ne pulis v zamiandaroan par hamala kar diya tatha haidarabad riyasat ko samapt kar bharat ka aang banane maang ki. telangana krishak andolan bharatiy itihas ke sabase lambe chhapamar krishak yuddh ka sakshi bana.
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