कुंदकुंदाचार्य
kuandakuandachary jain dharm mean diganbar sanpraday ke suprasiddh achary the. inaka ek any nam 'kauandakuand' bhi tha. inake nam ke sath dakshin bharat ka 'koandakuandapur' namak nagar bhi ju da hua hai. profesar e. en. upadhyay ke anusar kuandakuandachary ka samay pahali shatabdi ee. hai; parantu inake kal ke bare mean nishchayatmak koee praman upalabdh nahian hota. shravanabelagola ke shilalekh sankhya 40 ke anusar inaka dikshakalin nam 'padmanandi' tha aur simandhar svami se unhean divy jnan ki prapti huee thi.
parichay
kuandakuandachary moolasangh ke pradhan achary the. tapashcharan ke prabhav se anek alaukik siddhiyaan inhean prapt thian. jain paranpara mean inaka b de adar se ullekh hota hai. shastrasabha ke aranbh mean mangal bhagavan vir ke sath-sath mangal kudakuandarth: kahakar inaka smaran kiya jata hai, jisase jain shasan mean inake mahatv ka pata chalata hai. inhoanne sarvapratham jain agam sammat padarthoan ka tarkapoorn pratipadan kiya tha. inake sabhi upalabdh granth prakrit bhasha mean haian. inaki visheshata rahi hai ki inhoanne jain mat ka svakalin darshanik vicharadhara ke alok mean pratipadan kiya hai, keval jain agamoan ka pun:pravachan nahian kiya.[1]
mukhy granth
kuandakuandachary ke vibhinn granthoan mean jnan, darshan aur charitr ka niroopan milata hai. inhoanne ek ek vishay ka niroopan karane ke lie svatantr granth likhe, jinhean "pahu d" kahate haian. inake 84 pahu doan ka ullekh jain vanamay mean milata hai.[1] inake mukhy granth nimnalikhit haian-
- pravachanasar
- samayasar
- panchastikay
- niyamasar
- baras anuvekkha
- dasann pahu d
- charittapahu d
- bodh pahu d
- mokkh pahu d
- shil pahu d
- rayanasar
- siddhabhakti
- moolachar (vattaker).
naya drishtikon
jain darshan ko kuandakuandachary ne ek nee drishti di. inako sangrahavalanbi abhedavad ka pratipadak mana jata hai. jain agamoan mean dravy aur paryay mean bhed aur abhed donoan mana jata hai. parantu inake anusar inaka bhed vyavaharik hai, paramarthat: donoan abhinn hai. isi prakar atma mean varn ka sadabhav aur asadabhav donoan agam sammat haian, parantu inake anusar vyavaharik roop mean to varn atma mean haian, paramarthik roop mean nahian haian. inhoanne 'deh' aur 'atma' ke aiky ko vyavaharanay mean mana, parantu nishchayanay mean donoan ka bhed mana.
kuandakuandachary dravy ko satta se abhinn manate the. vaisheshik darshan mean satta samany ke karan dravy ko sath manate haian, parantu unaka kahana hai ki is mat mean to satta se bhinn hone ke karan dravy asath ho jaega. at: dravy satta roop hi hai aur yahi param tatv hai. satta hi dravy, gun aur padarth ke roop mean nana deshakal mean vikasit hoti hai; at: sab kuchh dravy (satta) roop hi hai. gun aur paryay ka dravy se abhed manana tatha nayabhed se satkaryavad aur satyakaryavad donoan ko svikar karana, unaka abhipret tha. paramanu ke bare mean inaka kahana hai ki sabhi skandhoan ka aantim avayav paramanu hai. yah shashvat, shabd rahit, avibhajy aur moort hai. paramanu ko ras, gandh, varn aur sparsh se yukt iandriyagrahy parinami tatv kaha gaya aur prithvi, jal, tej aur vayu ka mool mana gaya.[1]
atma ke roop
aupanishad aur mahayan darshanoan mean vyavahar aur paramarth athava pratibhas aur saty ka bhed mana gaya hai. is bhed ko manakar hi adhyatmavadi darshanik ek advayatatv ki pratishtha karate haian. jain darshan bhootavadi hai, adhyatmavadi nahian. phir bhi kuandakuandachary ne vyavaharanay aur nishchayanay mean bhed mana, jo samanyat: dikhaee deta hai. vah sarvada saty nahian hota aur koee avashyak nahian ki saty sada shuddh roop mean gochar ho. unhoanne atma ke tin roop mane. bahy padarthoan mean asakt, deh ko apane se abhinn samajhane vali moodhatma bahiratma hai. deh ka bhedajnan ho jane par mokshamargaroodh atma ko aantaratma kaha gaya hai. dhyan, bal se karmamal ka kshay ho jane par jab atma shuddh roop prapt kar leti hai, tab usako paramatma kahate haian. isi paramatma ko kuandakuandachary ne shiv, brahma, vishnu, buddh adi kahakar tatkalin darshan se apane ko paramarthat: abhinn ghoshit kiya hai, jo sanbhavat: kisi jain achary ne nahian kiya. yahi inaki visheshata hai, jo any jainacharyoan se inhean alag karati hai aur inaki samanvayavadi pravritti ka nidarshan hai.
advaitamat se bhi prabhavit
kuandakuandachary ne atma ko kary karan se bhinn manakar saankhy ke kootasth purush ki kalpana ke sath samanvit kiya, parantu atma ko akarta nahian mana. unake mat mean atma anatmak parinaman (pudgal karmoan) ka kartta nahian hai, kiantu parinami hone ke karan usako kartta bhi mana hai. atma jnan adi svagat parinamoan ka to karta hai hi. kuandakuandachary advaitamat se bhi prabhavit the. unake anusar keval jnani atma ko hi janata hai, usake lie brahy padarth aprisaddh haian. advaitavadi darshan mean atma ko hi ek tatv manakar any padarthoan ko atma ka pratibhas kaha gaya hai. unaka mat is advaitamat se adhik nikat hai. kevali ko jnan aur darshan ek sath hota hai, jaise soory ka prakash aur tap ek sath rahata hai.[1]
bauddh prabhav==
kuandakuandachary bauddhoan se bhi prabhavit the. unaka kahana tha ki tatv ka vyavahar aur nishchayanayoan se varnan ho hi nahian sakata. tatv pakshatikraant hai. jiv shuddh roop mean ne to baddh hai, n abaddh. bandh-abandh se vimukt jiv hi sahayasar aur paramatma paramatatv kaha gaya hai. vyavaharanay ka nirakaran nishchayanay se hota hai. nagarjun ki tarah inaka kahana tha ki- "nishchayanay ka ashray lekar yadyapi tatv ka jnan hota hai, tathapi tatvajnan ho jane par nishchiyanay ka bhi nash ho jata hai".
is prakar achary kuandakuand samanvayavadi jain darshanik the. inaka mat svatantr hai, doosare jain acharyoan ki tarah mat vishesh ke lie inaka agrah nahian hai. yahi karan hai ki inhoanne vaisheshik, saankhy, vedaant aur mahayan bauddh darshan se bahut-si batean grahan ki aur jain dharm ki ek naya drishtikon diya hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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