कौषीतकि ब्राह्मणोपनिषद

yah upanishad rrigved ke kaushitaki brahman ka aansh hai. isamean kul char adhyay haian. is upanishad mean jivatma aur brahmalok, pranopasana, agnihotr, vividh upasanaean, pranatattv ki mahima tatha soory, chandr, vidyut megh, akash, vayu, agni, jal, darpan aur pratidhvani mean vidyaman chaitany tattv ki upasana par prakash dala gaya hai. ant mean 'atmatattv' ke svaroop aur usaki upasana se prapt phal par vichar kiya gaya hai.

pratham adhyay

pratham adhyay mean gautam rrishi (uddalak) evan garg rrishi ke prapautr chitr ke sanvadoan dvara 'brahmajnan' ke lie kiye jane vale agnihotr tatha usaki phalashruti par prakash dala gaya hai. jab mrityu ke uparant sadhak brahmalok pahuanchata haian, to usaka samana apsaraoan aur ek vichitr panlag (paryank) par baithe brahmaji se hota hai. vah unase batean karata hai. is vartalap ko 'paryank-vidya' bhi kahate haian. garg rrishi ke prapautr, maharshi chitr, yajn karane ka nishchay karake arun ke putr mahatma uddalak (gautam) ko pradhan rritvik ke roop mean amantrit karate haian, parantu muni uddalak svayan n jakar apane putr shvetaketu ko yajn sampann karane ke lie bhej dete haian. shvetaketu apane pita ki ajnanusar vahaan pahuanchakar ek ooanche asan par virajaman hote haian. tab chitr usase prashn karata hai-'he gautamakumar! is lok mean koee aisa avaranayukt sthan hai, jahaan tum mujhe le jakar rakh sakate ho ya phir usamean bhi koee aisa sarvatha prithakh aur vilakshan avaran se shoony pad hai, jisako janakar tum usi lok mean mujhe pratishthit kar sakate ho?'
chitr ki bat sunakar shvetaketu ne maharshi chitr se kaha-'he bhagavan! maian yah sab nahian janata. mere pita achary haian. maian unhian se is prashn ko poochhooanga.'
aisa kahakar shvetaketu yajn ka asan chho dakar chale gaye aur apane pita se prashn kiya-'he pitashri! maharshi chitr ne jo prashn mujhase kiya hai, usaka uttar mean kaise dooan?' shvetaketu ne chitr ka prashn apane pita ke samane dohara diya. tab uddalak rrishi ne kaha-'putr! maian bhi isaka uttar nahian janata. ham donoan maharshi chitr ki yajnashala mean chalakar v isaka adhyayan karake hi is vidya ko prapt kareange.'
tadanantar donoan pita-putr prasiddh aruni muni ke hath se samidha grahan karake jijnasu-bhav se maharshi chitr ke pas gaye aur kaha ki ve vidya-prapti hetu unake pas aye haian. chitr ne kaha-'he gautam! ap brahmanoan mean ati poojaniy haian aur brahmavidya ke adhikari hai; kyoanki mere pas ate hue apake man mean apani shreshthata ka tanik-bhi abhiman nahian hai. maian nishchay hi apako isaka bodh karaooanga.'
maharshi chitr ne kaha-'he vipravar! jo vyakti agnihotradi satkaryoan ka anushthan karane vale haian, ve sabhi is lok se chandralok, arthath svargalok ki or gaman karate haian, lekin jo vyakti svargiy sukh ke prati asakt hokar chandralok svikar kar leta hai, usake sabhi puny nasht ho jate haian aur vah pun: is dharati par vapas a girata hai, arthath usaka phir se punarjanm ho jat hai. use moksh nahian mil pata.'
maharshi chitr ke aisa kahane par gautam muni ne phir poochha-'he bhagavan! mujhe batayean ki maian kaun hooan? mujhe is bhavasagar se par hone ka vah upay batayean, jisase maian samast bhav-bandhanoan se mukt ho sakooan?'
brahmajnan kya haian?
tab maharshi chitr ne use 'brahmajnan' ka upadesh diya aur sarvapratham bataya ki jivatma is lok se paralok athava 'brahmalok' tak do margoan se hi ja sakata hai. ek 'pitriyan' marg hai aur doosara 'devayan' marg. pitriyan marg se jane vale sadhak ka bar-bar janm hota hai, use moksh prapt nahian hota, parantu devayan marg se jane vale sadhak ka punarjanm nahian hota, use moksh prapt ho jata hai. svarg v narak ke vastavik svaroop ko janakar, jo sadhak virakt ho jata hai, vahi guru se 'brahmavidya' pane ka adhikari hota hai.
maharshi chitr ne kaha-'he gautam! devayan marg se jane vala sadhak kramash: agnilok, vayulok, soorylok, varunlok, indrlok v prajapatilok adi chhah lokoan mean se hota hua 'brahmalok' mean pravesh kar pata hai. 'brahmalok' ke pravesh dvar par 'ar' nam ka ek b da jalashay hai. yah jalashay kam, krodh, moh adi shatruoan dvara nirtit hai. yahaan pal-bhar ka bhi ahankar aur kam, krodh, lobh adi ka bandhan, sadhak ke sabhi punyoan ko nasht kar dalata hai. 'isht' ki prapti mean yah jalashay sabase b di badha hai, parantu jo ise par kar leta hai, vah phir se pavan viraja nadi ke kinare pahuanch jata hai. usaka samast shram aur vriddhavastha, viraja nadi ke darshan matr se hi door ho jate haian. usamean age 'ily' namak vriksh (prithivi ka ek nam ila bhi hai) ata hai. yahian par anek devataoan ke sundar upavanoan, udyanoan, bavali, koop, sarovar, nadi aur jalashay adi se yukt nagar hai, jo viraja nadi aur ardhachandrakar parakote se ghira hai. ye sabhi man ko bar-bar mohane ke lie samane ate haian, kintu jo sadhak inamean lipt n hokar age badh jata hai, use samane hi brahma ji ka ek vishal devalay dikhaee p data hai. is devalay ka nam 'aparajita' hai. soory ki prakhar rashmiyoan se yukt hone ke karan ise vijit karana atyant kathin hai. isaki raksha megh, yajn se upalakshit vayu tatha akash-svaroop indr evan prajapati dvara ki jati hai, parantu jo unhean parajit kar leta hai, vah brahmalok mean pravesh kar jata hai. vahaan ek vishal vaibhav-sampann sabha-mandap ke madhy 'vichakshana' (adhyatmik) namak vedi (chabootara) par sarvashaktiman pranasvaroop brahma ji ek ati sundar sianhasan (panlag) par virajaman dikhaee p date haian. vishv janani amba aur ambavayavi namak apsaraean unaki seva mean rat haian, jo brahmavetta sadhak ka svagat karati haian aur use alankrit karake brahma ji ke sammukh upasthit karati haian.'
is upanishad mean ek atyant sundar roopak baandhakar devayan marg se brahmalok tak pahuanchane ka marg dikhaya gaya hai. yahian par rrishi kahata hai ki rath mean baithakar yatra karane vala purush, jis prakar rath ke pahiyoan ko dau date hue to dekhata hai, parantu vah pahiyoan ki gati ke bhoomi se hone vale sanyog ko nahian dekh pata. isi prakar brahmalok ki yatra karane vala sadhak rath par baithakar din aur rat ko to dekhata hai, kal ki gati ko bhi dekhata hai, pap-puny ko bhi dekhata hai, parantu vah unamean lipt nahian hota. vah unase door rahakar hi 'brahm' ko prapt karata hai. kam, krodh, lobh, moh aur ahankar usake marg ke badhak nahian banata.
maharshi chitr age batate haian-'he gautam! brahmavetta ban sadhak apani sampoorn indriyoan mean brahmagandh, brahmaras, brahmatej, brahmayash tatha brahmanad ka anubhav karata hai. tab brahma ji us brahmajnani se prashn karate haian-'tum kaun ho?' us samay brahma ji dvara poochhe gaye prashnoan ka uttar brahmajnani ko is prakar dena chahie—
'maian vasant rritu-roop, svayan prakash parabrahm ka hi aansh hooan. jo ap haian, vahi maian hooan.' is par brahmaji poochhate haian-'maian kaun hooan?'
brahmavetta uttar deta hai-'ap saty haian.'
brahma ji poochhate haian-'jise tum saty kahate ho, vah kya hai?'
brahmavetta ka uttar-'jo samast devataoan evan pranoan se bhi sarvatha bhinn evan vishesh lakshanoan se yukt hai, vah 'sath' hai aur jo devata pranasvaroop hai, vah 'ty' hai. vani ke dvara jis tattv ko 'saty' kahate haian, vah yahi hai. yah aur ap sabhi kuchh haian. at: ap hi 'saty' haian.'
brahma ji poochhate haian-'tum mere purushavachak namoan ko kisase grahan karate ho?'
sadhak ka uttar-'pran se.'
brahma ji ka prashn-'strivachak namoan ko kisase grahan karate ho?'
sadhak ka uttar-'vani se.'
pr.-'napuansakavachi namoan ko kisase grahan karate ho?'
u.-'man se.'
pr.-'gandh ka anubhav kisase karate ho?'
u.-'pran se- ghranendriy se.'
pr.–'roopoan ko kisase grahan karate ho?'
u.-'netroan se.'
pr.-'shabdoan ko kisase sunate ho?'
u.-'kanoan se.'
pr.-'ann ka asvadan kisase karate ho?'
u.-'jihva se.'
pr.-'karm kisase karate ho?'
u.-'hathoan se.'
pr.-'sukh-du:kh ka anubhav kisase karate ho?'
u.-'sharir se.'
pr.-'rati ka anand evan prajotpatti ka sukh kisase uthate ho?'
u.-'upasth se, arthath indri se.'
pr.-'gaman-kriya kisase karate ho?'
u.-'donoan pairoan se.'
pr.-'buddhi-vrittiyoan ko, jnatavy vishayoan ko aur manorathoan ko kisase grahan karate ho?'
u.-'prajna se.'
is prakar brahma ji ke sabhi prashnoan ka uttar dene ke uparant svayan brahma ji sadhak se kahate haian ki 'jal' adi prasiddh paanch mahabhoot mere sthan haian. at: yah mera lok bhi jal adi tattv dvara pradhan hai. tum mujhase abhinn mere upasak ho. at: yah tumhara bhi lok hai.'
is prakar vah sadhak brahma ki 'jiti' (vijay prapt karane ki shakti) aur 'vyashti' (sarvavyapak shakti), donoan ko prapt kar leta hai.'
maharshi chitr ne is prakar 'brahmajnan' ka upadesh dekar gautam rrishi ko abhibhoot kiya. rrishi gautam apane putr shvetaketu ke sath maharshi chitr ko pranam karake vapas laut gaye.

dvitiy adhyay

is adhyay mean 'pranatattv' ki upasana aur 'brahmavidya' ke vyavaharik paksh par prakash dala gaya hai. isake atirikt apane papoan ko nasht karane ke lie 'sooryopasana' putr ki kushal-mangal kamana aur suraksha ke lie, 'chandropasana,' achchhe svasthy ke lie 'somopasana,'moksh-prapti ke lie 'pranoanpasana' tatha putr ko apane sampoorn jivan ka dayitv-bhar sauanpate samay 'sampradan karm' ka b da hi saangopaang varnan kiya hai.
pranatattv ki upasana
is adhyay mean 'pran' ko hi 'brahm' ka roop mana hai. pran ki kalpana raja ke roop mean ki gayi hai. 'man' usaka doot hai, 'vani' usaki rani hai, 'chakshu' usaki suraksha karane vale mantri haian, 'karnendriy' sandesh grahan karane vale dvarapal haian. pran ke ate hi samast indriyoan ki seva pran-roopi raja ko svat: hi prapt ho jati hai. suprasiddh mahatma shushkabhriangar 'pran' ko hi brahm ka roop svikar karate haian. at: pran ki upasana hi isht siddhiyoan ko dene vali hai. jivan mean shreshthata, sukh-samriddhi, yash, tejasvita tatha jnan pranopasana dvara ho sakata hai.
sooryopasana
kaushitaki rrishi ne apane anubhav se sooryopasana tin bar-prat:kal, madhyahnakal aur saanyakal- karane ki bat kahi hai. unhoanne kaha hai ki prat:kal yajnopavit ko savy bhav se baean kandhe par rakhakar achaman karean. phir jalapatr ko tin bar shuddh jal se bharakar, uday hote hue soory ko ardhy pradan karean aur is mantr ka uchcharan karean—'Om vargoasi papmanan me vridadhi.'^[1] is prakar madhyahnakal mean, bhagavan bhaskar ko smaran karean aur is mantr ka uchcharan karean-'Om udvargoasi papmanan mean sanvridadhi.'^[2] isi prakar saanyakal mean, ast hote hue soory ki upasana karean aur is mantr ka uchcharan karean- 'Om sanvargoasi papmanan me sanvridadhi.'^[3] is prakar sooryopasana karane se manushy ke din-rat ke sare papoan ka shaman ho jata hai, pap karm n karane ki shakti utpann ho jati hai.
chandropasana
amavasya mean, jab soory pashchim bhag mean sthit ho tatha chandrama sushumna namak rashmi mean chandrama sthit ho, tab is vidhi se chandropasana karani chahie. ardhy dene vale patr mean do hari doorva ke aankur bhi avashy rakh lean. tab ardhy dete hue is mantr ka uchcharan karean-'yatte susiman hridayamadhi chandramasishritan tenamritatvasyeshane maahan pautramadyan roodamh.' ^[4] is prakar ki prarthana se upasak putr shok se bacha rahata hai tatha putr n hone ki sthiti mean putr-ratn prapt kar leta hai.
somopasana
rrishi ne somopasana ko svasth sharir ka karan mana hai. vah som se prarthana karata hai-'he stri-roopi som! tum purush-roopi soory ke prakash se vikas ko prapt ho. tum sabhi or se ann ki prapti mean sahayak bano. he som! tum saumy gunoan se yukt ho. tumhara divy ras soory ke tez ko prapt karake purush matr ke lie atyant hitakari ho jata hai. tum is divy ras ka sevan karane vale purushoan ko pushti do aur unake sabhi shatruoan ka parabhav karane mean poori tarah se sahayak bano. he som! tum agney tez se prasannata ko prapt karate hue, amritv ki prapti mean sahayog pradan karo aur svayan apane yash ko svargalok mean sthir karo. he som! maian tumhari hi gati ka anugaman karate hue apani dahini bhuja ko bar-bar ghumata hooan.' rrishi ne som ko paanch mukh vala prajapati kaha hai. usaka ek mukh 'brahman' hai, doosara mukh 'kshatriy' haian, tisara mukh 'baj' pakshi hai, chautha mukh 'agni' hai. aur paanchavaan mukh tum 'svayan' ho. is prakar som ki prarthana karane ke uparant garbhadhan ke lie tatpar stri ke pas baithane se pahale usake hriday ka sparsh karean aur is mantr ka path karean—'yatte sumime hridaye hitamant: prajapatau manyeahan maan tadvidvaansan ten maahan pautramadhan roodamh.'^[5] is prakar ki gayi prarthana se sadhak ko kabhi putr shok nahian jhelana p data. rrishi ka sanket us mata ki or hai, jo apana doodh apani santan ko pilati hai. usake doodh mean somaras-jaisi rakshatmak shakti vidyaman hoti hai. usi se balak svasth rahata hai. mata ka doodh balak ke lie naisargik prakriya hai. prakriti ka virodh anekanek bhayanak parinamoan ka karan ban jata hai.
moksh hetu pranopasana
moksh ke lie pranatattv ki upasana ke sandarbh mean, rrishi ne ek sundar roopak dvara pranoan ke mahattv ko darshaya hai. ek samay vani adi samast devata ahankar ke vashibhoot hokar apani-apani mahatt siddh karane ke lie paraspar vivad karane lage. pran ke sath sabhi ne sharir se bahirgaman kar diya. unake nikal jane se sharir kashth ki bhaanti chetana-rahit hokar so gaya. 'vani' ne apana varchasv siddh karane ke lie sharir mean akele hi pravesh kiya. vani ke pravesh karate hi sharir vani se bolane laga, lekin vah apane sthan se uth nahian saka. isake bad 'netrendriy' devata ne sharir mean pravesh kiya. tab vah vani se bolane aur netroan se dekhane laga, parantu is bar bhi vah uth nahian saka. phir 'shrotendiy' devata ne sharir mean pravesh kiya. vah sunane laga, bolane bhi laga aur dekhane bhi laga. lekin is bar bhi vah uth nahian saka, nishchesht hi p da raha. tatpashchath us sharir mean 'man' ne pravesh kiya. man ke dvara vah sochane yogy to ho gaya, par is bar bhi vah uth nahian saka. tab sabase ant mean 'pran' ne us sharir mean pravesh kiya. us pranatattv ke pravesh karate hi vah sharir uthakar baith gaya. isase pranoan ka mahattv sarvopari siddh ho gayaan sabhi any indriyoan ne pran mean hi, moksh adi sadhana ki shakti ko svikar kiya. unhoanne jana ki pranoan ke dvara hi amritv gun ko prapt kiya ja sakata hai aur yah sharir oopar uthakar svargalok ki or ja sakata hai. pranoan ke dvara hi, sharir ki samast chetanaean aur indriyaan kary karati haian. at: pranoan ki upasana dvara hi brahm se sanyog ka karan banata hai. pranoan ke dvara hi vishisht jnan-svaroop parabrahm ko prapt kiya ja sakata hai.
pita dvara sampradan-karm (uttaradhikar dena) karana
is adhyay mean pita dvara apane putr ko uttaradhikari banane ki prakriya ka saangopaang ullekh kiya gaya hai. rrishi ka kahana hai ki apana antim samay aya janakar, pita ko apane sampoorn uttaradayitvoan se mukt ho jana chahie aur jo kuchh bhi usake pas hai, use apane putr ko sauanp dena chahie. putr ko bhi apane pita dvara chho de gaye dayitv ko saharsh svikar kar lena chahie. pita ko chahie ki shubhr vastr dharan karake apane putr ko apane pas bulaye aur usase kahe-'he putr! maian tumhean apani vakh shakti, apane pran, apane netr, apane kan, apane rasasvadan, apane samast shreshth karm, apane sukh-du:kh, apani maithunajany shakti tatha rati-sukh, apani gatishilata, apani samast ichchhaean, apani buddhi, apana yash, brahmatez au apana shreshth svasthy tatha ann ko pachane ki shakti adi sabhi sadgun pradan karata hooan ya tumhare bhitar pratishthit karata hooan.' pita dvara aisa kahane par putr vinamrata se unhean svikar kare aur apane baean kandhe ki or drishti karake hath se ot karake kahe-'pitashri! ap apani ichchhanusar kamanayukt svarg ko tatha vahaan ke samast bhogoan ko prapt karean.' isake uparant, yadi pita nirog ho, to vah apane putr ko ghar ka svami banakar athava manakar usake sath nivas kare ya phir sabhi kuchh tyagakar v ghar chho dakar sannyas ka jivan bitaye. aisa pita uchit samay ke ane par divyalok ko gaman karane vala hota hai. vastav mean uttaradhikar ka sahi niyam yahi hai.

tisara adhyay

is adhyay mean rrishi ne pran, prajna aur indriyoan ka vishad varnan karate hue unake parasparik sambandhoan ka vishleshan kiya hai. isake lie sanvad-shaili ka sahara liya gaya hai. yahaan indr aur divodas raja ke putr pratardan ke parasparik sanvadoan dvara pran ko prajna ka svaroop bataya hai aur kaha hai ki is prajna se hi lokahit sambhav hai.
lok-kalyan ka adhikari kaun hai?
ek bar devasur sangram mean, devataoan ki sahayata ke lie raja divodas ke putr pratardan svargalok gaye the. vahaan unaki advitiy yuddhakala evan shaury se prasann hokar indr ne unhean varadan dena chaha tha. is par pratardan ne kaha-'he devaraj! jis shreshth var ko ap manav-jati ke lie param kalyanayukt manate hoan, vaisa hi koee shreshth var ap svayan hi mujhe pradan karean.'
pratardan ki bat sunakar devaraj indr ne kaha-'rajan! is sansar mean koee bhi aisa vyakti nahian hai, jo doosaroan ke sukh ke lie var maangata ho. ap koee aisa var maangean, jo apake apane lie ho?'
is par pratardan ne koee bhi var grahan karane se iankar kar diya. raja pratardan ko saty ka aroodh dekhakar devaraj indr ne kaha-'he rajan! tum mujhe hi, mere yatharth roop ko jano? yahi manav-jati ke lie shreshth varadan hai.'
devaraj ke is kathan mean pratardan ne pahachana ki indr ne n jane kitane pathabhrasht asuroan aur rrishi-muniyoan ko dand diya, par ahankaravihin aur nishkami hone ke karan indr ka bal bhi baanka nahian hua. tab usane samajha ki nishkam karm karate hue aur ahankar ka sarvatha tyag karate hue, jo jivan jiya jata hai, vah manav-kalyan ke lie hi hota hai. at: lok-kalyanakari vyakti ke lie nirabhimani aur nishkam karmi hona param avashyak hai. aisa vyakti hi indr, arthath prajna-roopi pran-tattv ke yatharth svaroop ko praptaj kar sakata hai aur b de-se-b da papakarm bhi use prabhavit nahian kar sakata. yadi daivik pravrittiyoan ki raksha ke lie kisi atatayi vyakti ka vadh bhi karana p de, to usaka bhi pap nahian lagata.
prajna-svaroop pran kaun hai?
devaraj indr ne pratardan ko upadesh dete hue kaha ki jo bhi mere saty svaroop ko pahachan jata hai, use kabhi pap nahian lagata; kyoanki, 'maian svayan hi prajna-svaroop pran hooan.'^[6] indr age kahata hai ki us pran tatha shreshth jnan se yukt atmasvaroop ke roop mean prakhyat, mujh indr ki, tum ayu au amrit-roop se upasana karo. vah spasht karata hai ki ayu hi pran hai, pran hi ayu hai aur pran hi amritatattv hai. is sharir mean jab tak pran hai, tabhi tak ayu hai. is pranatattv ke dvara hi sadhak doosare lok mean jakar amritatattv ke vishesh sukh ko prapt karata hai. jo vyakti 'ayu' aur 'amrit' ke roop mean indr ki upasana karata hai, vah is lok mean poornayu ko prapt karata hai aur svarg ke sukhoan ka pan karata hai. sharir mean pran ka mahattv hi sarvopari hai. yadi pran ke rahate sharir ka koee aang nasht ho jaye, to bhi sharir jivit rahata hai, parantu pran ke n rahane par, ek kshan bhi sharir ka jivit rahana asambhav hai. kriya shakti ka bodh karane vala pran hi hai. pran hi jnan mean pravritti hone ki shakti deta hai. ise hi 'prajna-svaroop pran' athava 'atma' kaha gaya hai. at: jivan ke utthan ke lie prajna-svaroop is pran ki hi upasana karani chahie. sharir mean prajna aur pran, donoan sath-sath nivas karate haian tatha jivatma ke sath milakar ek sath hi is sharir ko chho date haian. pranamay parabrahm ka yahi darshan (jnan) hai aur yahi vijnan hai. isi ki upasana jan-kalyan ka mukhy srot hai.
pran, prajna aur indriyoan ka sambandh
sushupt avastha mean, jab manushy soya hua hota hai, tab sabhi indriyaan aur jnan, pran mean samahit ho jate haian. lekin jab vah jagata hai, tab sabhi prakar ka jnan, pran se nikalakar apani-apani indriyoan mean sama jata hai aur sushupt indriyaan sajag ho jati haian. ise upanishad mean maranasann vyakti ke udaharan se samajhaya hai. ek vyakti, jo maranasann avastha mean hai, usaki samast chetana shakti indriyoan ka sath chho dakar pran mean sama jati hai. us samay vah n to sunata hai, n dekhata hai, n bolata hai, ne hath-pair hila pata hai, n usaka mastishk hi kam karata hai. yahi sthiti dhyanasth yogi ki hoti hai. parantu jab vah maranasann vyakti rogoan se chhutakara pakar pun: jivit ho uthata hai athava vah dhyanasth yogi phir se sahaj jivan mean laut ata hai, tab unaki samast indriyaan apane-apane svabhav ke anusar phir se sajag ho uthati haian. man ke dvara nirdeshit hone lagati haian. pran hi sarvapratham 'man' ko jagrat karata hai. vahi sampoorn indriyoan ko niyantrit aur aniyantrit karata hai. man ka sidha sambandh 'prajna' se hai aur prajna ka pran se. is prakar pran, prajna aur indriyoan ka anyonyashrit sambandh hai. pranatattv se hi prajna hai aur prajna se hi samast indriyoan ko sanchalan hota hai. sharir se unmukt hone vala 'pran' jab utkraman karata hai, tab vah us samay in sabhi indriyoan-sahit hi utkraman karata hai. vani sabhi namoan ka, nak sabhi gandhoan ka, chakshu sabhi roopoan ka, kan sabhi dhvaniyoan ka aur man sabhi dhyanasth vishayoan ka parityag kar deta hai. at: sharir mean pran hi vah prajna hai aur prajna hi vah pran hai, jo ek sath is sharir mean nivas karate haian. sharir ki samast indriyoan ka parichalan inhian ke dvara hota hai. prajna ke dvara hi vah samast indriyoan ke svabhav ke anuroop anubhooti ko prapt karata hai. prajna ke abhav mean sabhi ka astitv nagany ho jata hai. pran athava prajna ke bina kisi bhi roop, vishay athava indriy ki siddhi nahian ho sakati. jis prakar rath ki nemi aroan ke aur are rath ki nabhi ke ashrit hote haian, usi prakar ke samast indriyaan, prajna ke dvara hi vidyaman haian. yah prajna athava pran hi paramatma ka anandasvaroop aur ajar-amar roop hai. yah n to achchhe kam se vriddhi pata hai au n bure kary se sankuchit hota hai. yah samadarshi hai. yah samast lokoan ka adhipati hai aur sabaka svami hai. yah pran hi hamara atma hai. ise janakar hi paramatma ki upasthiti ko anubhav kiya ja sakata hai.

chautha adhyay

is adhyay mean gargy namak brahman rrishi aur kashi ke vidvanh raja ajatashatru ke madhy hue vartalap ko adhar banakar sanvad-shaili mean brahmand ki vividh shaktiyoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai tatha 'atma' ko hi 'brahm' svikar kiya hai.
brahmand ki shaktiyaan
garg gotr mean utpann balaka rrishi ke putr ka nam gargy rrishi ke nam se prasiddh tha. ve charoan vedoan ke prakand vidvanh the. ushinar pradesh unaka nivasasthan tha. ve pray: desh ke vibhinn pradeshoan mean bhraman karate rahate the. kabhi matsy desh mean, to kabhi kuru-paanchal mean rahane pahuanch jate the. ek bar ve ghoomate-ghoomate kashi ke vidvanh raja ajatashatru ke dabar mean pahuanche. vahaan ve atyant ahankarapoorn vani mean raja se bole-'he rajan! maian apako 'brahmatatv' ka upadesh dooanga.' gargy rrishi ke aisa kahane par kashi naresh ajatashatru ne kaha-'he vipravar! apake is upadesh ke lie maian apako ek sahastr uttam kul vali gauean pradan karooanga. mujhe to prasannata hai ki ab tak brahmavidya ke shrota aur dani ke roop mean mithila naresh janak ka hi nam tha. aj apane hamare pas akar videh raj janak ki bhaanti hamara gaurav badhaya hai.' 'brahmatattv' ka upadesh dete hue rrishi gargy aur ajatashatru ke madhy is saprakar vartalap hua-
rrishi gargy—'he rajan! is sooryamandal mean jo antaryami parameshvar sthit hai, maian brahmabuddhi se usi ki sadhana karata hooan.'
ajatashatru—'he brahman! aisa nahian hai. yah shvet vastradhari soory to sabhi se mahanh hai. yah sabase uchch sthiti mean kendrit, sabaka shish hai. jo manushy is virat purush ki is prakar se aradhana karata hai, vah sabase uchch sthiti mean pahuanchata hai.'
rrishi gargy-'he rajan! chandr mandal mean jo yah antaryami virat purush hai, maian use brahmaroop mean manakar usaki upasana karata hooan.'
ajatashatru-'he vipravar! aisa nahian hai. yah to som raja hai aur ann ki atma bhi yahi hai. maian isi prakar isaki upasana karata hooan. jo bhi is prakar isaki upasana karata hai, vah nishchiy hi ann ki atma ho jati hai tatha dhan dhany se bhar jata hai.'
rrishi gargy-'he rajan! vidyut mandal ke antargat yah jo antaryami virat parabrahm hai, maian usi ka upasak hooan.'
ajatashatru-'he vipravar! aisa nahian hai. maian is vidyut ko 'prakash ki atma' manakar isaki upasana karata hooan. jo bhi is prakar isaki upasana karata hai, vah svayan prakash-svaroop 'atma' ho jata hai.'
rrishi gargy-' he rajan! megh mandal mean garjana ke roop mean vidyaman us antaryami eeshvar ko maian sakshat brahm manata hooan.'
ajatashatru-'he vipravar! aisa n kahean. maian shabd ki atma samajhakar hi is shreshth tattv ki upasana karata hooan. jo is prakar isaki upasana karata hai, vah svayan hi shabd ki atma ke roop mean parinat ho jata hai.'
rrishi gargy ne phir kaha-'he rajan! akash mandal mean pratishthit parabrahm parameshvar ki maian avinashi brahm ke roop mean upasana karata hooan.'
ajatashatru ne uttar diya-'he vipravar! maian is vishay mean kuchh nahian kahana chahata. yah to poorn, pravritti-rahit (kriya-rahit) brahm, sabhi se vishal hai. avashy hi maian isi roop mean isaki upasana karata hooan. jo aise divy brahm ki upasana karata hai, vah samast praniyoan mean nirvikar ho jata hai. samay se poorv usaki mrityu nahian hoti.'
isi prakar varta ko age badhate hue gargy rrishi ne vayumandal mean sthit virat purush ko brahm kaha, par ajatashatru ne use indr ke shreshth aishvary se yukt vaikunth kaha, jahaan kunthaean nasht ho jati haian au vah sadaiv aparajit rahata hai. usake bad rrishi ne agni mandal mean sthit virat purush ko, jalamandal mean upasthit virat purush ko, darpan mean pratibimbit virat purush ko, pratidhvani mean sthit dhvani ko, gatishil virat purush ke pichhe uthane vale dhvanyatmak shabd ko, shariradhari ki chhaya ko, sharir mean sthit virat purush ko, prajna se yukt pran-svaroop atma ko, dahine netr mean sthit virat purush ko, baean netr mean sthit virat purush ko avinashi brahm ke roop mean upasthit karake, usaki upasana karane ki bat kahi. parantu ajatashatru ne kramash: sabhi ko nakarate hue agni ko doosaroan ka prahar sahan karane vala 'vishasahi,' jal mean sthit brahm ko namadhari jivatma, pratibimb ko pratiroop, pratidhvani ko gati ka abhavayukt, dhvanyatmak shabd ko 'pranasvaroop', sharir ki chhaya ko mrityu-roop, sharir mean sthit virat purush ko prajapati ka svaroop, prajna se yukt atma ko yam ka svaroop, dahine netr mean sthit purush ko nam, agni aur jyoti ki atma, baean netr mean sthit purush ko saty, vidyut aur tez ka atma bataya aur usi roop mean unaki upasana karane ki bat kahi. ajatashatru ki bat sunakar gargy rrishi maun ho gaye aur unhoanne ajatashatru ko apana guru svikar kar liya, parantu kshatriy hone ke karan ajatashatru ne brahman gargy ko shishy banana svikar nahian kiya. haan, ekant mean unhean unhean brahm ka jnan avashy karaya. ve unhean lekar ek sote hue vyakti ke pas gaye aur use anek namoan se pukar kar jagane ka prayatn kiya, parantu jab vah nahian jaga, to ajatashatru ne chh di se chot marakar use uthaya. usake jagane par ajatashatru ne rrishi gargy se kaha-'he vipravar! yah vyakti is prakar achet hokar kahaan sota tha aur kis pradesh mean yah tha aur ab jagane ke bad yah kahaan a gaya hai?' rrishi gargy is rahasy ko nahian samajh sake, to raja ajatashatru ne pun: kaha-'rrishivar! yah purush jahaan sota tha, vah sthan pran-roopi hridayakamal hai. vahaan 'hita' nam ki prasiddh na di hai. usake dvara hriday ka vistar sampoorn na diyoan tak hai, jo bal ke hazaravean bhag se bhi sookshm hai. in na diyoan mean purush sote samay sthit rahata hai. is soye hue purush ke hriday mean sthit 'pran' ka sabhi indriyoan se samabhav hai. yah pran hi 'atma' ka khol hai. yah prajnavan atma isi khol mean sookshm roop se usi prakar virajaman rahati hai, jaise lak di ki myan mean talavar rahati hai. purush ke jagane par yah 'atma' sampoorn 'pranatattv' ko sakriy kar deti hai. tab us 'sakshi-roop atma' ka sabhi indriyaan anumat sevak ki bhaanti anusaran karati haian.' isi 'atma' ko janane vala jnani, indr ki bhaanti apane sabhi shatru asuroan athava papoan ko nasht karake triloki ka sarvashreshth pad prapt karata hai. at: 'atma' ko janane ke lie ahankar ka tyag param avashyak hai. tabhi vah apane papoan koan nasht kar sakata hai.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ arthath he sooryadev! sansar ko trinavat tyag dene se tum varg kahalate ho. prabhu! mere papoan ko mujhase door karo.
↑ arthath he sooryadev! tum udvarg kahe jate ho. at: mere papoan ko nasht karo.
↑ arthat- he sooryadev! tum sanvarg kahalate ho. at: mere papoan ko door karo.
↑ arthath he som mandal ki adhishthatri devi! atisundar bhavanaoan se yukt apaka hriday, jo poorn anandamay svaroop hai, chandramandal mean vidyaman hai. usake dvara ap amritattv pad par bhi adhikar rakhane vali haian. ap mujh par aisi kripa karean, jisase mujhe kabhi putrashok se vyathit hokar rona n p de.
↑ isaka arth yahi hai ki he sundar maang vali sundari! tum som roop vali ho. tumhara hriday praja (santati) ka palak hai. usake andar somamandal ki bhaanti jo amrit-rashi hai, arthath doodh bhara hua hai, use mh janata hooan. is saty ke prabhav se maian kabhi putrashok se n roooan, mujh par aisi kripa karo.
↑ 'pranoasmi prajnatma.'-(kaushi.3 adhyay 2

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] rthath he sooryadev! sansar ko trinavat tyag dene se tum varg kahalate ho. prabhu! mere papoan ko mujhase door karo.

[2] rthath he sooryadev! tum udvarg kahe jate ho. at: mere papoan ko nasht karo.

[3] rthat- he sooryadev! tum sanvarg kahalate ho. at: mere papoan ko door karo.

[4] rthath he som mandal ki adhishthatri devi! atisundar bhavanaoan se yukt apaka hriday, jo poorn anandamay svaroop hai, chandramandal mean vidyaman hai. usake dvara ap amritattv pad par bhi adhikar rakhane vali haian. ap mujh par aisi kripa karean, jisase mujhe kabhi putrashok se vyathit hokar rona n p de.

[5] saka arth yahi hai ki he sundar maang vali sundari! tum som roop vali ho. tumhara hriday praja (santati) ka palak hai. usake andar somamandal ki bhaanti jo amrit-rashi hai, arthath doodh bhara hua hai, use mh janata hooan. is saty ke prabhav se maian kabhi putrashok se n roooan, mujh par aisi kripa karo.

[6] 'pranoasmi prajnatma.'-(kaushi.3 adhyay 2

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