ग़बन -प्रेमचंद

gaban -premachand
gaban upanyas ka avaran prishth|150px|center
lekhak	muanshi premachand
mool shirshak	gaban
prakashak	rajapal eand sans
prakashan tithi	1930
ISBN	81-7028-336-1
desh	bharat
prishth:	256
bhasha	hindi
vishay	samajik, yatharthavadi
prakar	upanyas

premachand ka upanyas 'gaban' sanh 1930 ee. mean prakashit hua. madhyavargiy jivan aur manovritti ka jitana saphal chitran premachand ne 'gaban' mean kiya hai, utana unake sahity mean anyatr nahian milata. aupanyasik kala ki drishti se bhi yah unaki ek sundar rachana hai.

• gaban upanyas padhane ke lie klik karean

kathanak

isamean do kathanak haian - ek prayag se sambaddh aur doosara kolakata se sambaddh. donoan kathanak jalapaki madhyasthata dvara jo d die gaye haian. kathanak mean anavashyak ghatanaoan aur vistar ka abhav hai. prayag ke chhote se gaanv ke zamiandar ke mukhtar mahashay dinadayal aur manaki ki ikalauti putri jalapa ko bachapan se hi abhooshanoan, visheshat: chandrahar ki lalasa lag gayi thi. vah svapn dekhati thi ki vivah ke samay usake lie chandrahar zaroor chadhega. jab usaka vivah kachahari mean naukar muanshi dayanath ke bekar putr ramanath se hua to chadhave mean aur gahane to the, chandrahar n tha. isase jalapa ko ghor nirasha huee.

prayag se sambaddh

dinadayal aur dayanath donoan ne apani- apani bisat se zyada vivah mean kharch kiya. dayanath ne kachahari mean rahate hue rishvat ki kamaee se muanh mo d rakha tha. putr ke vivah mean ve karz se lad gaye. dayanath to chandrahar bhi chadhana chahate the lekin unaki patni jageshvari ne unaka prastav radd kar diya tha. jalapa ki ek sakhi shahajadi use chandrahar prapt karane ke lie aur uttejit karati hai. jalapa chandrahar ki tek lekar hi sasural gayi. ghar ki halat to khasta thi, kiantu ramanath ne jalapa ke samane apane gharane ki b di shan mar rakhi thi. karz utarane ke lie jab pita ne jalapa ke kuchh gahane chupake se lane ke lie kaha to ramanath kuchh manasik sangharsh ke bad abhooshanoan ka sandook chupake se uthakar unhean de ate hai aur jalapa se chori ho jane ka bahana kar dete haian kiantu apane is kapatapoorn vyavahar se unhean atmaglani hoti hai, visheshat: jab ki ve apani patni se atyadhik prem karate haian. jalapa ka jivan to kshubdh ho uthata hai. ab ramanath ko naukari ki chianta hoti hai. ve apane shataranj ke sathi vidhur aur chuangi mean naukari karane vale ramesh baboo ki sahayata se chuangi mean tis rupaye ki masik naukari pa jate haian. jalapa ko ve apana vetan chalis rupaye batate haian. isi samay jalapa ko apani mata ka bheja hua chandrahar milata hai, kiantu daya mean diya hua dan samajhakar vah use svikar nahian karati. ab ramanath mean jalapa ke lie gahane banavane ka hausala paida hota hai. is hausale ko ko ve saraphoan ke karz se lad jane par bhi poora hai. indubhooshan vakil ki patni ratan ko jalapa ke j daoo kangan bahut achchhe lagate haian. vaise hi kangan lane ke lie vah ramanath ko 600 rupaye deti hai. sarraph in rupayoan ko karjakhate mean jamakar ramanath ko kangan udhar dene se iankar kar deta haian. ratan kanganoan ke lie barabar takaza karati rahati hai. aant mean vah apane rupaye hi vapas lane ke lie kahati hai. usake rupaye vapas karane ke khyal se ramanath chuangi ke rupaye hi ghar le ate haian. unaki anupasthiti mean jab ratan apane rupaye maangane ati haian to jalapa unhian rupayoan ko uthakar de deti haian. ghar ane par jab ramanath ko pata laga to unhean b di chianta huee. gaban ke mamale mean unaki saza ho sakati thi. sari paristhiti ka spashtikaran karate hue unhoanne apani patni ke nam ek patr likha. ve use apani patni ko dene ya n dene ke bare mean soch hi rahe the, ki vah patr jalapa ko mil jata haian. use patr padhate dekhakar unhean itani atm- glani hoti hai ki ve ghar se bhag jate haian jalapa apane gahane bechakar chuangi ke rupaye lauta deti hai. isake pashchath katha kalakatte ki or mu dati hai.

kalakatte se sambaddh

kalakatte mean ramanath apane hitaishi devidin khatik ke yahaan kuchh dinoan tak gupt roop se rahane ke bad chay ki dukan khol lete haian. ve apani vastavikata chhipae rahate haian. ek din jab ve natak dekhakar laut rahe the, pulis unhean shubahe mean pak d leti hai. ghabarahat mean ramanath apane gaban adi ke bare mean sari katha suna dete haian. pulisavale apani tahakikat dvara unhean nirdosh pate hue bhi nahian chho date aur unhean kraantikariyoan par chal rahe ek muqadamean ke gavah ke roop mean pesh kar dete haian. jel- jivan se bhayabhit hone ke karan ramanath pulisavaloan ki bat man lete haian. pulis ne unhean ek bangale mean b de aram se rakha aur zohara namak ek veshya unake manoranjan ke lie niyukt ki gayi. udhar jalapa ratan ke paramarsh se shataranj- sambandhi 50/- ka ek vijnapan prakashit karati hai. jis vyakti ne vah vijnapan jita, vah ramanath hi the aur isase jalapa ko maloom ho gaya ki ve kalakatte mean haian. khojate- khojate vah devidin khatik ke yahaan pahuanch jati hai aur ramanath ko pulis ke kuchakr se nikalane ki asaphal cheshta karati hai. ratan bhi unhian dinoan apane boodhe pati ka ilaj karane ke lie kalakatte ati hai. pati ki mrityu ke bad vah jalapa ki sahayata karane mean kisi prakar ka sankoch prakat nahian karati. kraantikariyoan ke viruddh gavahi dene ke pashchath unhean jalapa ka ek patr mila, jisane unake bhav badal diye. unhoanne jaj ke samane sari vastavikata prakat kar di, jisase usako vishvas ho gaya ki niraparadh vyaktiyoan ko dand diya gaya hai. jaj ne apana pahala nirnay vapas le liya. ramanath, jalapa, johara adi vapas akar prayag ke samip rahane lage.

upasanhar

jalapa ke karan ramanath mean atm- samman ka phir se uday ho jata hai. zohara veshya- jivan chho dakar seva- vrat dharan karati hai. ramanath aur jalapa bhi seva- marg ka anusaran karate haian. johara ne apani seva, atm- tyag aur saral svabhav se sabhi ko mugdh kar liya tha. ratan mrityu ko prapt huee. ek bar prayag ke samip ganga mean doobate hue yatri ko bachate samay bhi bah gayi. ramanath ne koshish ki ki use bachane lie age badh jay. jalapa bhi pani mean kood p di thi. ramanath age n badh sake. ek shakti age khianchati thi, ek pichhe. age ki shakti mean anurag tha, nirasha thi, balidan tha. bandhan ne rok liya. kalakatte mean johara vilas ki vastu thi. prayag mean usake ghar ke prani- jaisa vyavahar hota tha. dayanath aur rameshvari ko yah kah kar shaant kar diya gaya tha ki vah devidin ki vidhava bahoo hai. johara mean atmashuddhi ki jyoti jagamaga uthi thi. apani kshin asha leye ramanath aur jalapa ghar laut gaye. unaki aankhoan ke samane johara ki tasvir kh di ho jati thi.

alochana

• prasiddh alochanakar d aau. namavar sianh ke anusar - 'gaban' upanyas ki alochana karate hue 'premachand ki kala' shirshak nibandh mean jaineandr kumar ne likha hai ki '

  bat ko aisa sulajhakar kahane ki adat maian nahian janata, maianne aur kahian dekhi hai. b di se b di bat ko bahut ulajhan ke avasar par aise sulajhakar tho de se shabdoan mean bharakar, kuchh is tarah kah jate haian, jaise yah goodh, gahari, apratyaksh bat unake lie nity-prati ghareloo vyavahar ki jani pahachani chiz ho. unaki qalam sab jagah pahuanchati hai, lekin aandhere se aandhere mean bhi vah kabhi dhokha nahian deti. vah vahaan bhi saralata se apana marg banati chali jati hai. spashtata ke maidan mean premachand avijay haian. unaki bat nirnit, khuli, nishchit hoti hai.'

• gady sahity ki vartaman gati : tritiy utthan mean varnit hai -

premachand ki si chalati aur patroan ke anuroop rang badalanevali bhasha bhi pahale nahian dekhi gee thi. aant:prakriti ya shil ke uttarottar udghatan ka kaushal bhi premachandaji ke do ek upanyasoan mean, visheshat: 'gaban' mean dekhane mean aya. sath aur asath bhala aur bura do sarvatha bhinn varg karake patr nirman karane ki asvabhavik pratha bhi is tritiy utthan mean bahut kuchh kam huee hai, par manovritti ki asthirata ka vah chitr abhi bahut kam dikhaee p da hai jisake anusar kuchh paristhitiyoan mean manushy apane shil svabhav ke sarvatha viruddh acharan kar jata hai.

sanbandhit lekh

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