गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले

gopal krishna gokhale
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poora nam	gopal krishna gokhale
janm	9 mee, 1866 ee.
janm bhoomi	kolhapur, maharashtr (bharat)
mrityu	19 pharavari, 1915 ee.
mrityu sthan	mumbee, maharashtr
mrityu karan	madhumeh, dama
abhibhavak	shri krishnarav shridhar gokhale
nagarikata	bharatiy
prasiddhi	svatantrata senani, samajasevi, vicharak evan samaj sudharak; ap mahatma gaandhi ke rajanitik guru bhi the.
parti	bharatiy rashtriy kaangres
shiksha	snatak
vishesh yogadan	'bharat sevak samaj' (saraveants aauf iandiya sosaiti) ki sthapana
any janakari	apani shiksha poori karane par gopal krishna kuchh din 'nyoo ianglish haee skool' mean adhyapak rahe the. bad mean poona ke prasiddh 'phargyoosan k aaulej' mean itihas aur arthashastr ke pradhyapak rahe. balagangadhar tilak aur gokhale mean paraspar kee matabhed the.

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gopal krishna gokhale (aangrezi: Gopal Krishna Gokhale, janm: 9 mee, 1866 ee., kolhapur, maharashtr; mrityu: 19 faravari, 1915 ee.) apane samay ke advitiy sansadavid aur rashtrasevi the. yah ek svatantrata senani, samajasevi, vicharak evan sudharak bhi the. 1857 ee. ke svatantrata sangram ke nau varsh bad gokhale ka janm hua tha. yah vah samay tha, jab svatantrata sangram asaphal avashy ho gaya tha, kiantu bharat ke adhikaansh deshavasiyoan ke hriday mean svatantrata ki ag dhadhakane lagi thi.

jivan parichay

gopal krishna gokhale ka janm 9 mee, 1866 ee. ko maharashtr mean kolhapur namak gram mean hua tha. inake pita krishnarav shridhar gokhale ek garib kiantu svabhimani brahman the. pita ke asamayik nidhan ne gopal krishna ko bachapan se hi sahishnu aur karmath bana diya tha. snatak ki digri prapt kar gokhale govind ranade dvara sthapit 'dekkan ejukeshan sosayati' ke sadasy bane. bad mean ye maharashtr ke 'sukarat' kahe jane vale govind ranade ke shishy ban gaye. shiksha poori karane par gopalkrishna kuchh din 'nyoo ianglish haee skool' mean adhyapak rahe. bad mean poona ke prasiddh phargyoosan k aaulej mean itihas aur arthashastr ke pradhyapak ban ge.

eemanadari

gopal krishna tab tisari kaksha ke chhatr the. adhyapak ne jab bachchoan ke grihakary ki k aaupiyaan jaanchi, to gopal krishna ke alava kisi ke javab sahi nahian the. unhoanne gopal krishna ko jab shabashi di, to gopal krishna ki aankhoan se ashrudhara bahane lagi. sabhi hairan ho uthe. grihakary unhoanne apane b de bhaee se karavaya tha. yah ek tarah se us nishtha ki shuruat thi, jisake adhar par gokhale ne age chalakar apane char siddhaantoan ki ghoshana ki-

1. saty ke prati adigata
2. apani bhool ki sahaj svikriti
3. lakshy ke prati nishtha
4. naitik adarshoan ke prati adarabhav

vakapatuta ka kamal

bal gangadhar tilak se milane ke bad gokhale ke jivan ko nee disha mil gee. gokhale ne pahali bar kolhapur mean ek sarvajanik sabha ko sanbodhit kiya. san 1885 mean gokhale ka bhashan sunakar shrota mantramugdh ho ge the, bhashan ka vishay tha-

aangreji hukoomat ke adhin bharat.

sarvajanik kary

nyayamoorti mahadev govind ranade ke sanpark mean ane se gopal krishna sarvajanik karyoan mean ruchi lene lage. un dinoan poona ki 'sarvajanik sabha' ek pramukh rajanitik sanstha thi. gokhale ne usake mantri ke roop mean kary kiya. isase unake sarvajanik karyoan ka vistar hua. kaangres ki sthapana ke bad ve us sanstha se ju d ge. kaangres ka 1905 ka banaras adhiveshan gokhale ki hi adhyakshata mean hua tha. un dinoan desh ki rajaniti mean do vicharadharaoan ka pradhany tha. lokamany tilak tatha lala lajapat ray jaise neta garam vicharoan ke the. savaidhanik riti se desh ko svashasan ki or le jane mean vishvas rakhane vale gokhale naram vicharoan ke mane jate the. apaka kraanti mean nahian, sudharoan mean vishvas tha.

rajaniti mean pravesh

gokhale ka rajaniti mean pahali bar pravesh 1888 ee. mean ilahabad mean hue kaangres ke adhiveshan mean hua. 1897 ee. mean dakshin shiksha samiti ke sadasy ke roop mean gokhale aur vacha ko ianglaind jakar 'velbi ayog' ke samaksh gavahi dene ko kaha gaya. 1902 ee. mean gokhale ko 'impiriyal lejisletiv kaunsil' ka sadasy chuna gaya. unhoanne namak kar, anivary prathamik shiksha evan sarakari naukariyoan mean bharatiyoan ko adhik sthan dene ke mudde ko kaunsil mean uthaya. ugravadi dal ne unaki sanyam ki gati ki b di alochana ki. unhean prayah shithil udaravadi bataya gaya. sarakar ne unhean kee bar ugravadi vicharoan vale vyakti tatha chhadamh vidrohi ki sanjna di.

mahadev goviand ranade ke shishy gopal krishna gokhale ko vittiy mamaloan ki advitiy samajh aur us par adhikarapoorvak bahas karane ki kshamata se unhean 'bharat ka gledaston' kaha jata hai. ve bharatiy rashtriy kaangres mean sabase prasiddh naramapanthi the. thumb|left|gopal krishna gokhale ke hastakshar kara hua chitr 1905 mean gokhale ne 'bharat sevak samaj' (saraveants aauf iandiya sosaiti) ki sthapana ki, taki naujavanoan ko sarvajanik jivan ke lie prashikshit kiya ja sake. unaka manana tha ki vaijnanik aur takaniki shiksha bharat ki mahattvapoorn avashyakata hai. isilie inhoanne sabase pahale prathamik shiksha lagoo karane ke liye sadan mean vidheyak bhi prastut kiya tha. isake sadasyoan mean kee pramukh vyakti the. unhean nam matr ke vetan par jivan-bhar desh seva ka vrat lena hota tha. gokhale ne rajakiy tatha sarvajanik karyoan ke lie 7 bar ianglaind ki yatra ki.

sudharak ki k di bhasha

'kesari' aur 'maratha' akhabaroan ke madhyam se lokamany tilak jahaan aangrez hukoomat ke viruddh l d rahe the, vahian 'sudharak' ko gokhale ne apani l daee ka madhyam banaya hua tha. 'kesari' ki apeksha 'sudharak' ka roop akramak tha. sainikoan dvara balatkar ka shikar huee do mahilaoan ne jab atmahatya kar li, to 'sudharak' ne bharatiyoan ko k di bhasha mean dhikkara tha-

tumhean dhikkar hai, jo apani mata-bahanoan par hota hua atyachar chuppi sadhakar dekh rahe ho. itane nishkriy bhav se to pashu bhi atyachar sahan nahian karate.
in shabdoan ne bharat mean hi nahian, ianglaiand ke sabhy samaj mean bhi khalabali macha di thi. 'sarvent aauf sosayati' ki sthapana gokhale dvara kiya gaya mahattvapoorn kary tha. is tarah gokhale ne rajaniti ko adhyatmikata ke dhaanche mean dhalane ka anutha kary kiya. is sosaiti ke sadasyoan ko ye 7 shapath grahan karani hoti thian-

1. vah apane desh ki sarvochch samajhega aur usaki seva mean pran nyochhavar kar dega.
2. desh seva mean vyaktigat labh ko nahian dekhega.
3. pratyek bharatavasi ko apana bhaee manega.
4. jati samaday ka bhed nahian manega.
5. sosaiti usake aur usake parivar ke lie jo dhanarashi degi, vah usase santusht rahega tatha adhik kamane ki or dhyan nahian dega.
6. pavitr jivan bitaega. kisi se jhag da nahian karega.
7. sosayati ka adhikatam sanrakshan karega tatha aisa karate samay sosayati ke uddeshyoan par poora dhyan dega.

sachche rashtravadi

gokhale udaravadi hone ke sath-sath sachche rashtravadi bhi the. ve aangrezoan ke prati bhakti ko hi rashtrabhakti samajhate the. gokhale yah kalpana nahian kar sakate the ki aangrezi samrajy ke bahar bharat kuchh pragati kar sakata hai. aangrezi samrajy ko chunauti dene ke dushparinamoan ki kalpana karake hi ve aangrezi samrajy ke bhari samarthak ban gaye. l aaurd hardiang se gokhale ne kaha tha ki "yadi aangrez bharat chho dakar chale gaye, tab unake pahuanchane se poorv bharatiy neta unako laut ane ke lie tar dvara amantrit kareangean." garam dal ke logoan ne unhean 'durbal hriday ka udaravadi evan chhipa hua rajadrohi kaha. unhoanne 1909 ee. ke marle-minto sudhar ke nirman mean sahayog kiya. 1912-1915 ee. tak gokhale ' bharatiy lok seva ayog' ke adhyaksh rahe. rashtr ki seva ke lie rashtriy pracharakoan ko taiyar karane hetu gokhale ne 12 joon, 1905 ko 'bharat sevak samiti' ki sthapana ki. is sanstha se paida hone vale mahatvapurn samaj sevakoan mean vi. shrinivas shastri, ji.ke. devadhar, en.em. joshi, pandit hriday narayan kuanjaroo adi the. unhoanne 'poona sarvajanik sabha' ki patrika tatha 'sudharak' ka sampadan bhi kiya.

gaandhi ji ko mili thi gokhale se prerana

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif 'kesari' aur 'maratha' akhabaroan ke madhyam se tilak jahaan aangrezi hukoomat ke viruddh l d rahe the, vahian 'sudharak' ko gokhale ne apani l daee ka madhyam banaya hua tha. 'kesari' ki apeksha 'sudharak' ka roop akramak tha. sainikoan dvara balatkar ka shikar huee do mahilaoan ne jab atmahatya kar li, to 'sudharak' ne bharatiyoan ko k di bhasha mean dhikkara tha- tumhean dhikkar hai, jo apani mata-bahanoan par hota hua atyachar chuppi sadhakar dekh rahe ho. itane nishkriy bhav se to pashu bhi atyachar sahan nahian karate. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

gaandhi ji gokhale ko apana rajanitik guru manate the. apake paramarsh par hi unhoanne sakriy rajaniti mean bhag lene se poorv ek varsh tak desh mean ghoomakar sthiti ka adhyayan karane ka nishchay kiya tha. sabaramati ashram ki sthapana ke lie gokhale ne gaandhi ji ko arthik sahayata di. gokhale sirph gaandhi ji ke hi nahian balki mohammad ali jinna ke bhi rajanitik guru the. gaandhi ji ko ahiansa ke jarie svatantrata sangram ki l daee ki prerana gokhale se hi mili thi. gokhale ki prerana se hi gaandhi ji ne dakshin aphrika mean rangabhed ke khilaf aandolan chalaya. sanh 1912 mean gaandhi ke amantran par vah khud bhi dakshin aphrika ge aur vahaan jari rangabhed ki ninda ki. jan neta kahe jane vale gokhale naramapanthi sudharavadi the. unhoanne azadi ki l daee ke sath hi desh mean vyapt chhuachhoot aur jativad ke khilaf aandolan chalaya. vah jivanabhar hindoo muslim ekata ke lie kam karate rahe. mohammad ali jinna ne bhi unhean apana rajanitik guru mana tha. yah bat alag hai ki bad mean jinna gokhale ke adarshoan par qayam nahian rah pae aur desh ke bantavare ke nam par bhari khoonakharaba karaya.

savaidhanik sudhar

vaisaray ki kauansil mean rahate hue gokhale ne kisanoan ki sthiti ki or anek bar dhyan dilaya. ve savaidhanik sudharoan ke lie nirantar zor dete rahe. 'mianto marle sudharoan' ka bahut kuchh shrey gokhale ke pratyanoan ko hai. naram vicharoan ke hote hue desh ke badalate tevar se gokhale bilkul alag nahian the. isalie 'bang bhang' ke virodh mean aranbh mean bahishkar ke sanbandh mean unhoanne kaha tha-

yadi sahayog ke sare marg avaruddh ho jaean aur desh ki lok-chetana isake anukool ho, bahishkar ka prayog sarvatha uchit hai.

nidhan

gopal krishna gokhale madhumeh, dama jaisi kee ganbhir bimariyoan se pareshan rahane lage aur aantat: 19 pharavari, 1915 ee. ko mumbee, maharashtr mean unaka nidhan ho gaya. gokhale ne bharat ke lie 'kauansil aauf d sekretari aauf stet' aur 'naitahud' ki upadhi mean pad grahan karane se inkar kar diya tha. unhoanne aisa isalie kiya, kyoanki ve nimn jati ke hinduoan ki shiksha aur rozagar mean sudhar ki maang kar rahe the, jisase ki unhean atm-samman aur samajik star pradan kiya ja sake. gokhale ne svadeshi ka prachar karate hue bharat mean audyogikikaran ka samarthan kiya, kintu ve bayakat ki niti ke viruddh the. apane samajhautavadi svabhav ke vashibhoot hokar 1906 ke kalakatta adhiveshan mean unhoanne bayakat ke prastav ka samarthan kiya. gokhale ki mrityu ke bad mahatma gaandhi ne apane is rajanitik guru ke bare mean kaha "sar phirojashah mujhe himalay ki tarah dikhaee diye, jise mapa nahian ja sakata aur lokamany tilak mahasagar ki tarah, jisamean koee asani se utar nahian sakata, par gokhale to ganga ke saman the, jo sabako apane pas bulati hai." tilak ne gokhale ko 'bharat ka hira', 'maharashtr ka lal' aur 'karyakartaoan ka raja' kahakar unaki sarahana ki.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• samajik sudharoan ke lie bhi pratibaddh the gokhale

sanbandhit lekh

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