गोरखनाथ

gorakhanath
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poora nam	gorakhanath
any nam	gorakshanath
guru	matsyendr, jalandhar
mukhy rachanaean	'amavask', 'avadhoot gita','gorakshakaumudi', 'goraksh chikitsa', 'gorakshapaddhati','gorakshashatak,
bhasha	sanskrit, hindi
prasiddhi	lekhak, sahityakar
nagarikata	bharatiy
sanbandhit lekh	da. pitambar datt b dathval, da. hajariprasad dvivedi
any janakari	gorakshamat ke yog ko pantajali varnit 'ashtaangayog' se bhinn batane ke lie 'shadang yog' kahate haian. isamean yog ke keval chh: aangoan ka hi mahatv hai. pratham do arthath yam aur niyam isamean gaun hai.

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gorakhanath athava gorakshanath ek 'nath yogi' the. siddhoan se sambaddh sabhi janashrutiyaan is bat par ekamat haian ki nath sampraday ke adi pravartak char mahayogi hue haian. adinath svayan shiv hi haian. unake do shishy hue, jalandharanath aur matsyendranath ya machchhandaranath. jalandharanath ke shishy the- 'krishnapad' aur matsyeanndranath ke 'gorakh' athava 'goraksh' nath. is prakar ye char siddh yogishvar nath sampraday ke mool pravartak haian.

anushrutiyaan

paravarti nath sampraday mean matsyendranath aur gorakhanath ka hi adhik ullekh paya jata hai. in siddhoan ke bare mean sare desh mean jo anushrutiyaan aur dant kathaean prachalit haian, unase asani se in nishkarshoan par pahuancha ja sakata hai-

1. matsyendr aur jalandhar samasamayik gurubhaee the aur donoan ke pradhan shishy kramash: gorakhanath aur krishnapad the.
2. matsyendranath kisi vishesh prakar ke yog marg ke pravartak the, parantu bad mean kisi aisi sadhana mean ja phanse the, jahaan par striyoan ka abadh sansarg mana jata tha, 'kaulajnan nirnay' se jan p data hai ki yah vamachari kaul sadhana thi, jise siddh kaushal mat kahate the; gorakhanath ne apane guru ka vahaan se uddhar kiya tha.
3. shuroo se hi matsyendr aur gorakh ki sadhana paddhati jalandhar aur krishnapad ki sadhana paddhati se bhinn thi.

samay kal

gorakhanath ke samay ke bare mean nimn nishkarsh nikale ja sakate haian-

1. matsyendranath dvara likhit kahe jane vale granth 'kaulajnan nirnay' ki prati ka lipikal daktar prabodhachandr bagachi ke anusar 11 shati ke poorv ka hai. yadi yah thik ho to matsyendranath ka samay eesvi 11vian shati se pahale hona chahie.
2. suprasiddh kashmiri achary abhinavagupt ke tantralok mean machchhand vibhu ko b de adar se smaran kiya gaya hai. abhinavagupt nishchith roop se sanh ee. ki dasavian shati ke ant aur gyaravian shati ke prarambh mean vidyaman the. is prakar matsyendranath is samay se kafi samay pahale hue hoange.
3. matsyendranath ka ek nam 'minanath' hai. brajayani siddhoan mean ek minapa haian, jo matsyendranath ke pita bataye gaye haian. minapa raja devapal ke rajatvakal mean hue the. davepal ka rajyakal 809 se 849 ee. tak hai. isase siddh hota hai ki matsyendr ee. sanh ki navian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean vidyaman the.
4. tibbati parampara ke anusar kanapa raja devapal ke rajyakal mean avirbhav hue the. is prakar matsyendranath adi siddhoan ka samay ee. san ke navian shatabdi ka uttarardh aur dasavian shatabdi ka poorvarddh samajhana chahie.

kuchh aisi bhi dantakathaean haian jo gorakhanath ka samay bahut bad mean rakhane ka sanket karati haian, jaise kabir aur nanak se unaka sanvad, parantu ye bahut bad ki batean haian. jab man liya gaya tha ki gorakhanath chiranjivi haian. gooanga ki kahani, pashchimi nathoan ki anushrutiyaan, bangal ki dantakathaean aur dharmapooja sampraday ki prasiddhiyaan, maharashtr ke sant jnaneshvar adi ki paramparaean is kal ko 1200 ee. ke poorv le jati haian. is bat ka aitihasik praman hai ki eesvi terahavian shatabdi mean gorakhapur ka math dhaha diya gaya tha, isilie isake bahut se poorv gorakhanath ka samay hona chahie. bahut se poorvavarti mat gorakshanathi sampraday mean aantarbhukt ho gaye the. inaki anushrutiyoan ka sambandh bhi gorakhanath se jo d diya gaya hai. isalie kabhi-kabhi gorakshanath ka samay aur bhi pahale nishchith kiya jata hai. lekhak ne 'nath-sampraday' namak pustak mean un sampradayoan ke aantarbhukt hone ki prakriya ka savistar vivechan kiya hai. sab batoan par vichar karane se gorakhanath ka samay eesvi sanh ki navian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean hi mana jana thik jan p data hai.

kritiyaan

gorakshanath ke nam se bahut-si pustakean sanskrit mean milati haian aur anek adhunik bharatiy bhashaoan mean bhi chalati haian. nimnalikhit pustakean gorakhanath ki likhi batayi gayi haian-

(1)amavask, (2) avarodhashasanamh, (3) avadhoot gita, (4) gorakshakal, (5) gorakshakaumudi, (6) goraksh gita, (7) goraksh chikitsa, (8) gorakshapanchay, (9) gorakshapaddhati, (10) gorakshashatak, (11) gorakshashastr, (12) gorakshasanhita, (13) chaturashityasan, (14) jnan prakash shatak, (15) jnan shatak, (16) jnanamrit yog, (17) na dijnan pradipika, (18) maharthamanjari, (19) yogachintamani, (20) yogamartand, (21) yogabij, (22) yogashastr, (23) yogasiddhasan, paddhati, (24) vivek martand, (25) shrinathasootr, (26) siddhasiddhant paddhati, (27) hathayog, (28) hath sanhita. isamean maharth manjari ke lekhak ka nam paryay roop mean maheshvarachary bhi likha hai aur yah prakrit mean hai. baki sanskrit mean haian. kee ek doosare se milati haian; kee pustakoan ke gorakshalikhit hone mean sandeh hai.

• hindi mean sab milakar 40 chhoti-b di rachanaean gorakhanath ki kahi jati haian, jinaki pramanikata asandigdh nahian hai-

(1) sabadi, (2) pad, (3) sishyadarsan, (4) pranasankali, (5) narave bodh, (6) atam bodh (pahala), (7) abhaimatra yog, (8) pandrah tithi, (9) sapnavad, (10) machhiandragorakh bodh, (11) romavali, (12) gyanatilak, (13) gyan chauantis, (14) panchamatra, (15) gorakhaganesh goshthi, (16) goradattagoshthi, (17) mahadevagorakh gusht, (18) sistapuran, (19) dayabodh, (20) jati bhauravali (chhand gorakh), (21) navagrah, (22) navaratr, (23) asht parachhaya, (24) raharas, (25)gyanamal, (26) atamabodh (doosara), (27) vrat, (28) niranjan puran, (29) gorakhavachan, (30) indri devata, (31) mool garmavati, (32) khanavarooni, (33) gorakhasasat, (34) ashtamudra, (35) chaubi sidhi, (36) dakshari, (37) panch agni, (38) ashtachakr, (39) avali silook, (40) qafir bodh.

in granthoan se adhikaansh gorakhanathi mat ke sangrahamatr haian. granth roop mean svayan gorakhanath ne inaki rachana ki hogi, yah bat sandigdh hai. any bharatiy bhashaoan mean bhi, jaise-bangali, marathi, gujarati, panjabi adi mean isi prakar ki rachanaean prapt hoti haian.

shakhaean

gorakhanath dvara pravartit 'yogisampraday' mukhy roop se barah shakhaoan mean vibhakt hai. isilie ise 'barahapanthi' kahate haian. is mat ke anuyayi kan ph davakar mudra dharan karate haian. isilie unhean 'kanaphata', 'bhakataphataan' yogi bhi kahate haian. barah mean se chh: to shiv dvara pravartit mane jate haian aur chh: gorakhanath dvara- (1) bhuj ke kantharanath, (2) pagalanath, (3) raval, (4) pankh ya pank, jisase satanath, dharamanath, garibanath aur ha dibharang sambaddh haian, (5) van aur (6) gopal ya ram ke sampraday kahe jate haian aur (7) chaandanath kapilani, jisase ganganath, mayanath, kapilani, nimanath, parasanath adi ke sambandh haian, (8) hethanath, jisase lakshmananath ya kalanath, dariyaanth, nataseri, jafar pir adi ka sambandh bataya jata hai. (9) aee panth ke cholinath jisase mastanath, aee panth se chhoti daragah, b di daragah adi ka sambandh hai, (10) verag panth, jisase bhaeenath, premanath, ratananath adi ka sambandh hai aur kayanath ya kayamuddin pravartit sampraday bhi sambandhit hai, (11) jaipur ke pavanath, jisase papanth, kaniya, bararag adi ka sambandh hai aur (12) ghajanath, jo hanumanaji ke dvara pravartit kaha jata hai, gorakhanath ke sampraday kahe jate haian. isaka vishleshan karane se pata chalata hai ki inamean purane mat, jaise kapil ka yogamarg lakulishamat, kapalik mat, vamamarg adi sammilit ho gaye haian.

aang

gorakshamat ke yog ko pantajali varnit 'ashtaangayog' se bhinn batane ke lie 'shadang yog' kahate haian. isamean yog ke keval chh: aangoan ka hi mahatv hai. pratham do arthath yam aur niyam isamean gaun hai. isaka sadhanapaksh ya prakriya-aang hathayog kaha jata hai. sharir mean pran aur apan, soory aur chandr namak jo bahirmukhi aur aantarmukhi shaktiyaan haian, unako pranayam, asan, bandh adi ke dvara samarasy mean lane se sahaj samadhi siddh hoti hai. jo kuchh pind mean hai, vahi brahmand mean bhi hai. isilie hathayog ki sadhana pind ya sharir ko hi kendr banakar vishv brahmand mean kriyashil shakti ko prapt karane ka prayas hai.

gorakshanath ke nam par chalane vale granthoan mean vishesh roop se is sadhana prakriya ka hi vistar hai. kuchh aang darshan ya tattvavad ke samajhane ke uddeshy se likh gaye haian. avarodhashasan, siddh-siddhant paddhati, maharth manjari adi granth isi shreni mean ate haian. avarodh shasan mean gorakhanath ne vedantiyoan, mimaansakoan, kauloan, vrajayaniyoan aur shakt tantrikoan ke mokshasambandhi vicharoan ko moorkhata kaha hai. asali moksh ve sahaj samadhi ko manate haian. sahaj samadhi us avastha ko bataya gaya hai, jisamean man svayan hi man ko dekhane lagata hai. doosare shabdoan mean svasanvedan jnan ki avastha hi sahaj samadhi hai. yahi charam lakshy hai.

pramanikata

adhunik deshi bhashaoan ke purane roopoan mean jo pustakean milati haian, unaki pramanikata sandigdh hai. inamean adhikatar yogaangoan, unaki prakriyaoan, vairagy, brahmachary, sadachar adi ke upadesh haian aur maya ki bhartsana hai. tark-vitark ko garhit kaha gaya hai, bhavasagar mean pach-pachakar marane vale jivoan par taras khaya gaya hai aur pakhandiyoan ko fatakar batayi gayi hai. sadachar aur brahmachary par gorakhanath ne bahut bal diya hai. shankarachary ke bad bharatiy lokamat ko itana prabhavit karane vala achary bhaktikavy ke poorv doosara nahian hua. nirgunamargi bhakti shakha par bhi gorakhanath ka bhari prabhav hai. nissandeh gorakhanath bahut tejasvi aur prabhavashali vyaktitv lekar aye the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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