जगन्नाथदास 'रत्नाकर'
jagannathadas 'ratnakar'
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| poora nam | jagannathadas 'ratnakar' |
| janm | sanh 1866 |
| janm bhoomi | varanasi, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 22 joon, 1932 |
| mrityu sthan | haridvar |
| abhibhavak | purushottamadas |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | kavi, lekhak, sampadak |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'gangavataran', 'shrriangaralahari', 'gangalahari', 'vishnulahari', 'uddhavashatak', 'hiandol' adi. |
| bhasha | brajabhasha |
| vidyalay | kvians k aaulej, kashi |
| shiksha | bi.e. |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | inhoanne aangrezi kavi pop ki prasiddh rachana ’ese aaun kritisijm‘ ka rola chhand mean anuvad bhi kiya. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
jagannathadas 'ratnakar' (aangrezi: Jagannathdas Ratnakar, janm- 1866 ee., kashi, uttar pradesh; mrityu- 22 joon, 1932 ee.) bharat ke prasiddh kaviyoan mean se ek the. unhean adhunik yug ke shreshth brajabhasha ke kaviyoan mean gina jata hai. prachin sanskriti, madhyakalin hindi kavy, urdoo, farasi, aangrezi, hindi, ayurved, sangit, jyotish tatha darshanashastr in sabhi ki achchhi janakari jagannathadas ji ko thi. inhoanne prachur sahity seva ki thi. brajabhasha kavyadhara ke aantim sarvashreshth kavi jagannathadas ’ratnakar‘ adhunik hiandi sahity mean anubhootiyoan ke sashakt chitrakar, brajabhasha ke samarth kavi aur ek advitiy bhashyakar ke roop mean vikhyat haian. unhoanne kh diboli ke yug mean jivit vyakti ki tarah hriday ke pratyek spandan ko mahasoos karane vali brajabhasha ka adarsh kh da kiya, jisake har shabd ki apani gati aur lay hai.[1]
jivan parichay
baboo jagannathadas 'ratnakar' ka janm sanvat 1923 (1866 ee.) mean bhadrapad shukl paksh panchami ko kashi (vartaman banaras) ke shivala ghat mohalle mean hua tha. inake pita purushottamadas dilli vale agraval vaishy the aur poorvaj panipat ke rahane vale the, jinaka mugal darabaroan mean b da samman tha. lekin paristhitivash unhean kashi akar rahana p da. purushottamadas farasi bhasha ke achchhe vidvanh the aur hindi farasi kaviyoan ka b da samman karate the. bharateandu harishchandr unake mitr the aur inake yahaan bahudha aya-jaya karate the. ratnakar ji ne balyavastha mean bharateandu harishchandr ka satsang bhi kiya tha. bharateandu ji ne kaha bhi tha ki, "kisi din yah balak hindi ki shobha vriddhi karega".
shiksha
jagannathadas 'ratnakar' ke rahan-sahan mean rajasi thath-bat tha. inhean hukka, itr, pan, ghu dasavari adi ka bahut shauq tha. hindi ka sanskar unhean apane hindi-premi pita se mila tha. skooli shiksha mean unhoanne kee bhashaoan ka jnan arjit kiya. kashi ke kvians k aaulej se ratnakar ji ne san 1891 ee. mean bi.e. ki pariksha uttirn ki, jisamean aangrezi ke sath doosari bhasha farasi bhi thi. ye farasi mean em.e. ki pariksha dena chahate the, par kuchh karanoan se n de sake.
jivikoparjan
jagannathadas ji ne 'jaki' upanam se farasi mean kavitaean likhana praranbh kiya. is sambandh mean inake ustad muhammad hasan phayaj the. jab ratnakar ji jivikoparjan ki taraf mu de to ve abagadh ke khajane ke nirikshak niyukt hue. san 1902 mean ve ayodhya naresh ke niji sachiv niyukt hue, kintu san 1906 mean maharaja ka svargavas ho gaya. lekin inaki sevaoan se prasann hokar maharani jagadanba devi ne inhean apana niji sekretari niyukt kiya tatha mrityuparyant ratnakar ji is pad par rahe. ayodhya mean rahate hue jagannathadas ratnakar ki kary-pratibha samay-samay par vikas ke avasar pati rahi. maharani jagadanba devi ki kripa se unaki kavy kriti ’gangavataran‘ samane aee.[1] inhoanne hindi kavy ka abhyas praranbh kiya aur brajabhasha mean kavy rachana ki.[2]
lekhan kary
jagannathadas 'ratnakar' hindi lekhan ki or us samay pravritt hue, jab kh di boli hindi ko kavy bhasha ke roop mean pratishthapit karane ka vyapak abhiyan chal raha tha. achary mahavir prasad dvivedi, shridhar pathak, pan. nathooram shankar sharma jaise log kh di boli hindi ko bhari samarthan de rahe the, lekin kavy bhasha ki badalati lahar ratnakar ji ke brajabhasha-prem ko apadasth nahian kar saki. ve brajabhasha ka aanchal chho dakar kh di boli ke pale mean jane ko kisi bhi tarah taiyar nahian hue. jab unake samakalin kh di boli ke parishkar aur parimarjan mean sanlagn the, tab ve brajabhasha ki trutiyoan ka parishkar kar sahityik brajabhasha ke roop ki saj-sanvar kar rahe the. unhoanne brajabhasha ka ne shabdoan, muhavaroan se aisa shrriangar kiya ki ve sooradas, padmakar aur ghananand ki brajabhasha se alag keval unaki brajabhasha ban gee, jisamean urdoo aur farasi ki ravanagi, sanskrit ka abhijaty aur lokabhasha ki shakti sama gee. jisake ek-ek varn mean ek-ek shabd mean aur ek-ek paryay mean bhavalok ko chitrit karane ki adamy kshamata hai.
kavitt
jagannathadas 'ratnakar' ki sanvedanashilata ne bachapan mean hi kavita mean dhalana shuroo kar diya tha. vidyarthi jivan mean hi unhoanne urdoo v farasi ke sath hindi mean kavitt likhana shuroo kar diya tha. ve ’jaki‘ upanam se urdoo shayari karate the. bad mean unhoanne brajabhasha kavy ko hi apana kshetr bana liya. kavy srijan ke sath-sath unhoanne apani pathan ruchi ko bhi barabar vikasit kiya. ve sahity, darshan, adhyatm, puran-sab padh dalate.[1] ratnakar ji ka bhavoan ka vaibhav hai. unake kavy-vishay vishuddh pauranik haian. apane in kathanakoan mean navinata bharakar unhean navin roop pradan kiya. unhoanne prabandh aur muktak donoan prakar ke kavy likhe. ve visheshat: shrriangar ke kavi haian; parantu inake shrriangar mean n to riti kal ki aphimachi madakata hai aur n nayika bhed ki bariki hi hai. inaka shrriangar bhakti-parak hokar maryadit roop mean samane aya. vishuddh shrriangar mean bhi hriday ki anubhootipoorn bhavanaoan hi ka tivr veg hai. radha-krishna ke hriday mean svabhavik prem ke uday par ratnakar ji ki kalam ka ek drishtavy[2]-
avan lagi hai din dvaik te hamare dham,
rahe binu kam kaj aee arujhaee hai.
kahaian ratnakar khilaunani samhari rakhi,
bar-bar janani chitavat kanhaee hai.
dekhi sunu gvarini kiti brajavasin pai,
radha si n aur abhiharin lakhaee hai.
herat hi herat harayau tau hai hamaro kachhu,
kahi dhauan hirani pai n parat janaee hai.
- virah virahirinoan ke hriday ko vidirn kar deta hai. virah-vipatti ka jhelana atyant kathin hai. isi ki anubhooti poorn avastha ka ek udaharan nimnalikhit hai-
pir soan dhir dharavat vir, kataksh hooan kuantal sel nahian hai.
jval n yaki mite ratnakar, neh kachhoo til tel nahian hai.
janat aang jo jhelat haian, yah rang gulal ki jhel nahian hai.
thame thamean n bahean aansuva, yah royabo hai, hansi-khel nahian hai.
shrriangar ras ke pashchath jagannathadas 'ratnakar' ji ke kavy mean vir ras ko pramukh sthan mila hai. karun ras ki sundar vyanjana 'harishchandr' mean huee hai. isake atirikt vibhats tatha vatsaly adi rasoan ka yathasthan saphalata se chitran hua hai. ratnakar ji ko bhavoan ke chitran mean vishesh saphalata mili hai. krodh, harsh, utsah, shok, prem, ghrina adi manaviy vyaparoan ki abhivyanjana ratnakar ji ne b di saphalata se ki hai. adhunik yug ke hote hue bhi ratnakar ji ne bhakti kal evan riti kal ke adarshoan ko apanaya. inake kavy mean bhakti kaviyoan ke bhav ki si bhavukata, rasamagnata tatha riti kalin kaviyoan jaisa shabd-kaushal tatha chamatkar priyata milati hai. inake kavy par adhunik yug ke buddhivad ka bhi prabhav hai. inaki 'uddhavashatak', gangavataran', harishchandr' adi rachanayean prachin yug ka uchchadarsh upasthit karati haian.
bhasha-shaili
ratnakar ji ki kavy bhasha navinata se paripoorn hai. unhoanne brajabhasha ko sanyat aur parishkrit roop pradan kiya hai. brajabhasha ke aprachalit prayogoan ko unhoanne sarvatha chho d diya. is prakar brajabhasha ko kh di boli ke saman pratishthit karane ka unaka sarahaniy prayas raha. unaki shabd yojana sarvatha dosh mukt hai. bhasha klisht bhavoan ki cheri ban kar chalati hai. isamean itani saralata aur svabhavikata hai ki bhavoan ko samajhane mean kathinaee nahian p dati. bhasha mean oj aur madhury gun milata hai. isamean kahian bhi shithilata nahian hai. anupras yojana bhasha ko svabhavikata pradan karati hai. ratnakar ji ki kavita mean sanskrit ke tatsam shabdoan ka prayog khulakar hua hai, parantu isase unaki bhasha mean kritrimata aur shithilata nahian ane payi. sahityik svaroop mean ghananand ki bhasha hi ratnakar ji ki bhasha ki samata kar sakati hai. ratnakar ji ko "adhunik brajabhasha ka padmakar" kaha ja sakata hai. unhoanne jis shaili ko apanaya, usamean manaviy vyaparoan ko saphalatapoorvak chitrit kiya gaya hai. unaki shaili mean sarvatr hi kalatmakata aur svabhavikata milati hai.[2]
kritiyaan
rajanitik ulajhanoan aur kachahari ke mamaloan mean unake kavy-srijar ko manamana vistar bhale hi n mil paya ho, lekin vyastata ke bavajood unhoanne adhunik hiandi sahity sanpada ki vriddhi karane vali kritiyaan rachian. inake dvara rachit, sampadit tatha prakashit kritiyaan is prakar haian-
| pady rachanaean | gady rachanaean | sampadit rachanaean | prakashit rachanaean | ||||
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inhoanne aangrezi kavi pop ki prasiddh rachana ’ese aaun kritisijm‘ ka rola chhand mean anuvad bhi kiya. in kritiyoan mean ’uddhavashatak‘ aur ’bihari ratnakar‘ ko vishesh mahatv mila. ’uddhavashatak‘, ’bhramaragit‘ paranpara ka vishisht kavy bana to ’bihari ratnakar‘ ’bihari satasee‘ par likhi gee kavitaoan mean sarvashreshth mana gaya. inake atirikt 'hamir hat', 'hit tarangini', 'kavikul kanthabharan' namak kritiyoan ka bhi sampadan inhoanne kiya. ‘sahity sudha’ namak patr ka sampadan bhi apane kiya tha.[1] isake sath hi jagannathadas 'ratnakar' bahut adhik parishram aur apana bahut-sa dhan vyay kar 'soorasagar' ka sampadan bhi kar rahe the, par usaka keval tin chaturthaansh hi poorn kar sake. bahut adhik sankhya mean inaki sphut rachanaean bhi milati haian. 'nagari pracharini sabha' kashi ne in sphut kavitaoan v ukt sabhi kavy kritiyoan ka ek sundar sangrah 'ratnakar' namak prakashit kiya hai.
hindi sahity nirmata
hindi sahity mean ratnakar ji ek nirmata ke roop mean smaran karane yogy haian. ye navin aur prachin ko sath lekar chale haian. inhoanne adhunik hindi sahity ke tinoan kal dekhe the, par kisi bhi yug vishesh se prabhavit nahian ho sake. dvivedi yug mean hone vali kh di boli ke andolan ne inako tanik bhi akarshit nahian kiya aur ye brajabhasha ki upasana-aradhana mean lage rahe. ratnakar ji hindi ke svarn-yug (madhy yug) ke pujari the.
sahityik visheshataean
jagannathadas 'ratnakar' ne bhakti kal ki bhav pravanata aur riti kal ki shrangarikata ko apani kavita ke ne bane mean sajaya. unhoanne bhakti bhavana se samanvit kavitaean bhi likhian, viroan ke vrittaant bhi likhe, niti ko bhi kavita mean utara; lekin unaka man moolatah shrangarikata ki abhivyakti mean hi adhik rama hai aur is shrangarikata ki khoobi yah rahi ki isake aantargat bhakti, sneh, prem, vatsaly sabhi ka samahar ho gaya. unaka granth ’uddhavashatak‘ manav man ki adbhut chitrashala banakar samane aya. shrriangar ras ke niroopan mean unaka koee bhi samakalin unake samaksh kh da nahian kiya ja sakata. shrriangar ke donoan pakshoan ke niroopan mean jagah-jagah tivr bhavavesh ke kshanoan mean aisa lagata hai mano kavi svayan hi dravibhoot hokar kavita ban upasthit hua ho. bhav-chitroan ke is shilpi ne ’uddhavashatak‘ mean anubhavoan ki yojana, mook maun vyajanna aur rasasikt marmasparshi sooktiyoan ka anokha udaharan prastut kiya hai. is kriti ka tana-bana bhavukata ke atirek se paida hone vale kritim udveg se nahian, balki hriday ki sachchi pukar se buna gaya hai, jahaan virahani brajaanganaoan ke aansuoan mean prem ki snigdhata, anubhooti ki ardrata unake vishvas mean sanyam ki dhar bhi hai.
jagannathadas 'ratnakar' ne apani kritiyoan se samarthy ka jhanda ooancha kar dikhaya hai, jisamean shabd aur arth ek ho gaye haian, jahaan shabd apane ap bolate haian, mano shabd ka arth-vidhan hi apane pat kholata chalata ho. unhoanne alankaroan ke b de hi santulit aur apekshit prayogoan dvara bhav-vyajanna ko utkarsh diya hai. unake saangaroopak to hindi mean virale hi haian. paranpara ki kee likoan se hatakar lokoktiyoan aur muhavaroan ka alag aandaj hai. riti kavy paranpara ka prem aur brajabhasha ko unaki drishti ki sima bhale hi mana jaye, lekin yah brajabhasha ke prati apoorv nishtha thi, jo brajabhasha ko apane sashakt manadando mean surakshit rakhana chahati thi. samayik aandolanoan se pare rahakar unhoanne brajabhasha sahity ka parishkar karane aur manaviy aantarman ka kona-kona jhaankane mean apani shakti laga di. nari man ka koee chhor aisa nahian bacha, jise unake shabdoan ke komal aur tivr sparsh ne chhua n ho.[1]
nidhan
san 1930, kalakatta mean hue 'akhil bharatiy hindi sahity' ke jagannathaji adhyaksh niyukt hue the. brajabhasha ke kaviyoan mean adhunik kaviyoan ke taur par ye sarvatha vishisht haian. 22 joon, 1932 ko inaki mrityu ke pashchath 'kavivar bihari' shirshak granth ki rachana ka prakashan inake pautr ramakrin ne kiya tha. maranoparaant ‘soorasagar’ sampadit granth ka prakashan achary nandadulare vajapeyi ke nirikshan mean hua.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 sharma, kumud. jagannathadas ratnakar (hiandi) abhivyakti. abhigaman tithi: 21 faravari, 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 baboo jagannathadas 'ratnakar' (hindi) rajabhasha hindi. abhigaman tithi: 4 joon, 2015.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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