दक्षिण भारत 1565-1615

dakshin bharat ka itihas 1565 se 1615 tak

bahamani samrajy ke vighatan ke bad ahamadanagar, bijapur aur golakunda namak tin shaktishali riyasatean ubhari aur unhoanne milakar 1565 mean talikot ke nikat bannihatti ki l daee mean vijayanagar ko buri tarah parajit kiya. vijay ke pashchath in riyasatoan ne purane taur-tariqe apana lie. ahamadanagar aur bijapur donoan ne upajaoo sholapur par apana-apana dava kiya. yuddh aur vivah sambandh donoan mean se koee bhi is samasya ko sulajhane mean sahayak nahian hua. donoan riyasatoan ki mahattvakaanksha bidar ko hastagat karane ki thi. ahamadanagar apane uttar mean sthit barar ko bhi hathiyana chahata tha. vastutah bahamani sultanoan ke vanshaj nizamashahiyoan ne dakkan mean pradhanata nahian to kam se kam behatar sthiti ka dava kiya arambh kiya. unake is dave ka virodh ke keval bijapur ne kiya balki gujarat ke sultanoan ne bhi kiya jinaki nazar barar ke sath-sath samriddh koankan pradesh par bhi thi. gujarat ke sultanoan ne ahamadanagar ke viruddh barar ko sakriy sahayata di aur dakkan mean shakti-santulan ko rakhane ke lie ahamadanagar se yuddh bhi kiya. bijapur aur golakunda mean bhi naladurg ke lie sangharsh hua.

dakshini rajy aur maratha

1572 mean mugaloan dvara gujarat vishay se ek nayi paristhiti utpann ho gee. gujarat vijay dakkan vijay ki poorv-pithika ho sakati thi. lekin akabar kahian aur vyast tha, aur is mauqe par dakkan mean hastakshep nahian karana chahata tha. ahamadanagar ne mauqe ka labh uthakar barar hathiya liya. vastav mean ahamadanagar aur bijapur ne ek samajhauta kar liya jisake aantargat bijapur ko vijayanagar ke ilaqoan par dakshin mean apane rajy ka vistar karane ki chhoot mil gee aur ahamadanagar ne barar ko rauand dala. golakunda bhi vijayanagar samrajy ke kshetr mean apani simaoan ka vistar karana chahata tha. is prakar sabhi dakkani riyasatean vistaravadi thian. is sthiti mean ek aur mahattvapoorn bat dakkan mean marathoan ka badhata mahattv tha. jaisa ki ham dekh chuke haian, bahamani shasakoan ne hamesha maratha senaoan ko sahayak sena ke roop mean rakha tha. ise baragir (ya samanyatah baragi) kaha jata tha. sthaniy star par rajasv kary brahmanoan ke hathoan mean tha. more, nimbalakar, ghatage jaise kuchh purane maratha vanshoan ne bahamani sultanoan ki sena mean rahakar manasab aur jagirean bhi prapt ki thi. inamean se adhikaansh shaktishali zamiandar the. jinhean dakkan mean deshamukh kaha jata tha. parantu unamean n to koee rajapootoan ki bhaanti svatantr shasak tha aur n unamean se kisi ke pas b da rajy tha. doosare ve anek vanshoan ke neta bhi nahian the, jinaki sahayata par ve nirbhar kar sakate. atah adhikaansh maratha saradar sainik sahasik the, jo paristhiti ke anusar apani svamibhakti badal sakate the. phir bhi maratha dakkan ke zamiandaroan ki ridh the aur unaki sthiti uttar bharat ke adhikaansh kshetroan ke rajapootoan ke saman thi. solahavian shatabdi ke madhy mean dakkani rajyoan ne marathoan ko apani or milane ki nishchit niti apanayi. dakkan ki tinoan b di riyasatoan ne maratha saradaroan ko naukari aur b de pad diye. bijapur ka ibrahim adilashah jo 1555 mean gaddi par baitha tha, is niti ko apanane valoan mean agrani tha. kaha jata hai ki usake pas 30,000 marathoan ki sahayak (baragi) sena thi, aur vah rajasv ke mamaloan mean marathoan ko har star par chhoot diya karata tha. is niti ke aantargat purane vanshoan par to kripa bani hi rahi, kee naye vansh bhi bijapur riyasat mean mahattvapoorn ho ge. jaise bhoansale, jinaka vanshagat nam ghorap de tha, daphle ( athava chahvan) adi. rajanayik vartaoan mean marathi brahmanoan ka upayog bhi niyamit roop se kiya jata tha. udaharan ke lie ahamadanagar ke shasak ne kanakoji narasi namak brahman ko peshava ki upadhi di. ahamadanagar aur golakunda mean bhi marathoan ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika rahi.

atah yah spasht hai ki zamiandar varg aur l dakoo jatiyoan ke sath mitrata ki niti akabar-kalin mugal samrajy se bahut pahale dakkan ki riyasatoan ne apana li thi.

dakkan mean mugaloan ka badhav

uttar bharat mean apani sthiti sudridh kar lene ke pashchath dakkan ki or qadam badhana mugaloan ke lie svabhavik tha. yadyapi viandhyachal uttar aur dakshin ki sima-rekha tha, parantu yah alandhy-avarodh nahian tha. yatri, vyapari, tirth yatri aur ghumakkan sadhoo sada se ise par kar ate-jate rahe the tatha dakshin aur uttar mean jahaan har ek ke apane vishesh saanskritik svaroop the unhean ek roop mean baandhate rahe the. tugalaqoan dvara dakkan-vijay tatha uttar aur dakshin ke madhy avagaman ke sadhan sugam ho jane ke karan donoan pakshoan mean vyaparik aur saanskritik sambandh dridhatar ho ge the. dilli saltanat ke patan ke pashchath bahut se soofi sant aur naukari ki talash mean any vyakti bahamani sultanoan ke darabar mean pahuanche the. rajanitik drishti se bhi uttar aur dakshin alag nahian the. jaisa ki ham dekh chuke haian pashchim ke gujarat aur malava tatha poorv mean u disa rajy dakkan ki rajaniti mean nirantar lipt rahe the. atah yah svabhavik tha ki satavean aur athavean dashak ke prarambh mean malava aur gujarat ka jitane ke pashchath mugal bhi dakkan ki rajaniti mean ruchi dikhate. 1576 mean ek mugal sena ne khanadesh par akraman kiya aur vahaan ke shasak ko samarpan ke lie vivash kar diya. kintu akabar ko adhik mahattvapoorn karanoan se apana dhyan kahian aur lagana p da. 1586 se 1598 tak barah varshoan tak akabar uttar-pashchim ki sthiti ka adhyayan karane ke lie lahaur mean raha. isi bich dakkan ki paristhitiyaan big dati chali geean.

dakkan rajaniti ka jalata hua kund tha. vibhinn dakkani riyasatoan ke bich l daee ek am bat thi. ek shasak ki mrityu vibhinn daloan ke samantoan ke bich sangharsh ka karan ban jati thi. pratyek dal shasak nirmata ki bhoomika nibhana chahata tha. in paristhitiyoan mean dakkaniyoan aur navagantukoan (afaki athava garib) ke bich sangharsh khule roop se hota tha. dakkaniyoan mean bhi habshi (abisiniyaee athava aphriki) aur afagan do varg ban gaye. in vargoan aur daloan ka dakkan ki janata ke sath saanskritik star par koee sampark nahian tha. dakkan ki sainy aur rajanitik pranali mean marathoan ka vilayan, jo bahut pahale prarambh ho chuka tha, aur age nahian badha. atah shasakoan aur saradaroan ke prati janata ki bahut kam svamibhakti thi.

dalagat sangharsh

dalagat sangharshoan aur matabhedoan ke karan paristhiti aur bhi big d gee. satrahavian shatabdi ke prarambh mean eeran mean naye rajavansh safavid ke aantargat shiyamat rajadharm ban gaya tha. shiya sampraday ka bahut samay se daman kiya jata raha tha aur ab utsah ki pahali lahar mean is sampraday ke logoan ko apane poorv virodhiyoan ko satane ka mauqa mila. parinamatah bahut se mahattvapoorn parivaroan ne vahaan se bhagakar akabar ke darabar mean sharan li jo shiyaoan aur sunniyoan mean koee vibhed nahian karata tha. kuchh dakkani riyasatoan ne bhi shiyamat ko rajadharm ke roop mean svikar kiya. golakunda inamean se pramukh tha. bijapur aur ahamadanagar mean bhi shiya shaktishali the kiantu unaka pal da kabhi-kabhi hi bhari hota tha. isase dalagat sangharsh aur badh gaya.

mahadavi sampraday

dakkan mean mahadavi siddhaanto ka bhi kafi prasar hua. musalamanoan ka vishvas tha ki pratyek yug mean paigambar ke parivar se ek vyakti prakat hoga aur dharm ko dridh karega tatha nyay ko vijay dilayega. aisa vyakti mahadi kahalata tha. halaanki sansar ke vibhinn bhagoan mean alag-alag kaloan mean mahadi prakat ho chuke the, kiantu solahavian shatabdi ke ant mean islam ko ek yug ki sambhavit samapti ne islami duniya mean anek ashaean utpann kar di thian. bharat mean, pandrahavian shatabdi ke poorvaddh mean jaunapur mean utpann muhammad ne bharat aur islami duniya ka bhraman kiya aur kafi utsah paida kiya. dakkan sahit usane deshabhar mean apane dayare sthapit ki. dakkan usake lie bahut upajaoo siddh hua. paramparavadi tattv mahadavi sampraday ke utane hi tivr virodhi the, jitane ki shiya sampraday ke the. halaanki donoan ke bich koee prem-bhav samapt nahian hua tha. akabar ne isi sandarbh ne sulah kul ka siddhaant pracharit kiya. use is bat ka bhay tha ki dakkan ke sampradayagat sangharshoan ka sidha prabhav mugal samrajy par p dega.

purtagali prabhav

akabar ko purtagaliyoan ki badhati shakti ka bhi khatara tha. purtagali makka jane vale haj yatriyoan ke kamoan mean hastakshep karate the. isamean ve shahi parivaroan ki striyoan ko bhi nahian chho date the. ve apani simaoan mean dhauans se kam lete the, jo ki akabar ko pasand nahian tha. purtagali mukhy bhoomi par nirantar apana prabhav badhane ke chakkar mean the aur yahaan tak ki unhoanne soorat par hath dala, jise ek mugal senapati ne samay par pahuankar bacha liya. atah akabar ne spasht roop se yah mahasoos kiya ki mugal samrajy ke nirikshan mean dakkani riyasatoan ki sammilit shakti yadi purtagaliyoan ke khatare ko poori tarah samapt nahian bhi kar sakegi, to use kam avashy kar degi. inhian karakoan ke karan akabar dakkani mamaloan mean lipt hone ko vivash hua.

barar, ahamadanagar aur khanadesh vijay

akabar ne poore desh par apane prabhutv ka dava kiya tha. atah vah chahata tha ki rajapootoan ki bhaanti dakkani riyasatean bhi usaki prabhutta ko svikar karean. usane pahale bhi kee doot is prayatn mean dakkani riyasatoan ko bheje the, ki ve usaki shakti ko svikar kar usase mitrata karean. lekin unaka apekshit parinam nahian nikala. yah spasht tha ki jab tak mugal un par sainik dabav n dalean, dakkani riyasatean mugal prabhutta ko svikar karane vali nahian thian.

chaandabibi

1591 mean akabar ne rajanayik akraman kiya. usane pratyek dakkani riyasat mean doot bheje aur unase mugal prabhutta svikar karane ko kaha. jaisa ki asha ki jati thi, kisi riyasat ne is prabhav ko svikar nahian kiya. keval khanadesh hi isaka apavad raha. kyoanki vah mugal samrajy ke ekadam nikat tha aur mugaloan ka samana kar pane ki sthiti mean nahian tha. ahamadanagar ke shasak burahan ne mugal doot ke sath achchha vyavahar nahian kiya, any riyasatoan ne keval mitrata ke vayade kie. aisa pratit hota tha ki akabar dakkan ke mamale mean koee nishchit qadam uthana chahata tha. 1595 mean burahan ki mrityu ke bad chhi de nijamashahi saradaroan ke apasi sangharsh ne akabar ko avashyak avasar pradan kar diya. vahaan alag-alag daloan dvara samarthit char log uttaradhikari ka dava kar rahe the. sabase mazaboot dava mritak shasak ke putr bahadur ka tha. bijapur ka shasak ibrahim adilashah dvitiy bhi usaka samarthan karana chahata tha. burahan ki bahan chaandabibi ibrahim ke chacha aur bijapur ke bhootapoorv shasak ki vidhava thi. vah bahut yogy stri thi aur usane adilashah ke vayask hone tak das sal tak riyasat par shasan kiya. vah matamapurshi ke lie ahamadanagar aee thi aur vahaan usane apane bhatije ke dave ka zoradar samarthan kiya. isi prishthabhoomi mean virodhi dal ke saradaroan (dakkaniyoan) ne mugaloan ko hastakshep ke lie amantrit kiya. isake bad jo sangharsh hua, vah vastav mean ahamadanagar par prabhutv ke lie mugaloan aur bijapur ke madhy sangharsh tha.

barar par prabhutv

mugal akraman ka netritv gujarat ke gavarnar mugal shahazada murad aur abdurrahim khan-e-khana ne kiya. khanadesh ke shasak ko sahayog karane ko kaha gaya ahamadanagar ke saradaroan mean apas mean phoot hone ke karan rajadhani tak mugaloan ko kam virodh ka samana karana p da. chaandabibi ne tarun shasak bahadur ke sath svayan ko qile ke andar band kar liya. char mahinoan ke ghere ke bad donoan pakshoan mean samajhauta hua. is bich chaandabibi ne bahut sahas ka parichay diya tha. samajhaute ke anusar barar mugaloan ke prabhutv mean a gaya aur shesh kshetr par bahadur ka dava man liya gaya. mugaloan ka prabhutv bhi svikar kar liya gaya. yah samajhauta 1596 mean hua.

ahamadanagar par par vijay

barar ke mugal samrajy mean vilayan ne dakkan riyasatoan ko savadhan kar diya. unhoanne anubhav kiya ki barar ke mil jane se dakkan mean mugaloan ke pair jam jayeange aur ve kabhi bhi apane qadam age badha sakeange. yah bhay karanahin nahian tha. atah vah ahamadanagar ke paksh mean ho gayian aur mugaloan dvara barar ke vilayan mean avarodh utpann karane lagian. shighr hi ek bijapuri senapati ke netritv mean bijapur, golakunda aur ahamadanagar ki sanyukt sena ne kafi b di sankhya mean barar par akraman kar diya. 1597 mean huee ek zabaradast l daee mean mugal sena ne tin guni dakkani sena ko parajit kar diya. bijapur aur golakunda ki senaean pichhe hat geean aur chaandabibi sthiti ka samana karane ke lie akeli rah geean. halaanki chaandabibi 1596 ki sandhi ka palan karana chahati thi lekin vah mugaloan ko pareshan karane ke lie apane saradaroan ko akraman karane se rok nahian saki. isaka parinam yah hua ki mugaloan ne ahamadanagar ke qile par dobara ghera dal diya. kahian se bhi koee madad n milane ke karan chaandabibi ne mugaloan se samajhaute ko batachit shuroo ki. lekin virodhi daloan ne us par droh ka arop lagakar usaki hatya kar di. is prakar dakkan ki rajaniti ke ek sarvadhik romaanchak vyaktitv ka ant ho gaya. isake bad mugaloan ne ahamadanagar par akraman karake us par vijay prapt kar li. tarun shasak bahadur ko gvaliyar ke qile bhej diya gaya. balaghat ko bhi samrajy mean mila liya gaya aur ahamadanagar mean mugal chhavani dal di gee. yah ghatana 1600 mean ghati.

akabar ki samasyaean

ahamadanagar ki parajay aur nizamashah ke pak de jane se dakkan mean akabar ki samasyaean samapt nahian ho geean. vahaan koee aisa nizamashahi rajakumar ya saradar shesh nahian tha jisake pas paryapt samarthan ho aur jo akabar ke sath samajhaute ki batachit kar sake. sath hi mugal us samay n to ahamadanagar se age badhana chahate the aur n hi vah is sthiti mean the ki riyasat ke shesh kshetroan par qabza karane ka prayatn karean. mugal saradaroan ki bhi apasi jh dapoan se sthiti aur bhi big d gee.

malava aur khanadesh

sthiti ka mauke par adhyayan karane ke lie akabar pahale malava aur phir khanadesh ki or badha. vahaan use pata laga ki khanadesh ke naye shasak ne apani sima se hokar ahamadanagar jate hue shahazada daniyal ka uchit samman nahian kiya tha. akabar khanadesh mean sthit asiragadh ke qile par bhi apana adhikar karana chahata tha kyoanki vah dakkan ka sridridhatam qila mana jata tha. mazaboot ghere ke bad, jab rog phailane laga to khanadesh ka shasak bahar aya aur usane samarpan kar diya (1601) . khanadesh ko mugal samrajy mean mila liya gaya.

daniyal ka vivah aur mutyu

asiragadh par akraman karane ke bad akabar shahazada salim ke vidroh se nipatane ke lie uttar ki laut aya. yadyapi khanadesh, barar, balaghat aur ahamadanagar ke qile par mugal adhipaty koee mamooli upalabdhi nahian thi, phir bhi mugaloan ko apani sthiti abhi aur bhi mazaboot karani thi. akabar is bare mean poori tarah se sajag tha ki bijapur se kisi samajhaute ke bina dakkan ki samasyaoan ka koee sthayi hal nahian nikal sakata. atah usane ibrahim adilashah dvitiy ke pas use ashvast karane ke lie sandesh bheja. adilashah ne akabar ke sabase chhote putr shahazada daniyal se apani beti ke vivah ka prastav kiya. lekin shadi ke kuchh samay bad hi shahazada daniyal ki adhik madirapan ke karan mutyu ho gee (1602) . atah dakkan ki paristhiti aspasht rahi aur akabar ke uttaridhikari jahaangir ko usase nipatana p da.

malik ambar ka uday

ahamadanagar ke patan aur mugaloan dvara bahadur nizam shah ki giraphtari ke bad is bat ki poori sambhavana thi ki ahamadanagar riyasat ke tuk de ho jate aur p dosi riyasatean unhean hastagat kar letian, kintu malik ambar ke roop mean ek yogy vyakti ke uday ki vajah se aisa nahian hua. malik ambar ek abisiniyaee tha aur usaka janm ithiyopiya mean hua tha. usake prarambhik jivan ki vishesh janakari upalabdh nahian hai. aisa anuman hai ki usake nirdhan mata-pita ne use bagadad ke gulam-bazar mean bech diya tha. bad mean use kisi vyapari ne kharid liya aur use dakkan le aya, jahaan ki samriddhi us kal mean bahut logoan ko akarshit karati thi. malik ambar ne murataza nizamashahi ke prabhavashali saradar changez khaan ke yahaan kafi taraqqi ki thi. jab mugaloan ne ahamadanagar par akraman kiya to malik ambar apana bhagy azamane ke lie bijapur chala gaya. lekin jaldi hi vah vapas a gaya aur chaandabibi ke virodhi habshi^[1] dal mean sammilit ho gaya. ahamadanagar ke patan ke bad ambar ne ek nizamashahi shahajade ko dhooandh nikala aur bijapur ke shasak ki madad se use murataza nizamashah dvitiy ke nam se gaddi par baitha diya. vah svayan usaka peruba (sanrakshak) ban gaya. peshava ka pad ahamadanagar ki riyasat mean pahale se prachalit tha. maliq ambar ne kafi b di marathi sena ikatthi kar li. marathe tez gati vale the aur dushman ki rasad katane mean kafi hoshiyar the. yah gurilla yuddh pranali dakkan ke marathoan ke lie paramparagat thi, lekin mugal isase aparichit the. marathoan ki sahayata se malik ambar ne mugaloan ko barar, ahamadanagar, aur balaghat mean apani sthiti sudridh karana kathin kar diya.

malik ambar aur khan-e-khana ki mitrata

us samay dakkan mean mugaloan ka senapati abdurrahim khan-e-khana tha, jo ek chalak aur hoshiyar rajanitijn tatha yogy sainik tha. usane 1601 mean telangana ke nader namak sthan par malik ambar ko buri tarah parajit kiya. kintu usane malik ambar ke sath mitrata ka sambandh rakhane ka nirnay liya kyoanki vah samajhata tha ki shesh nizamashahi kshetr mean sthayitv rahana achchha hai. doosari or malik ambar ne bhi khan-e-khana ke sath mitrata karana behatar samajha kyoanki isase use apane aantarik virodhiyoan se nipatane ka avasar mil sakata tha. kintu akabar ki mrityu ke bad mugal saradaroan ke parasparik matabhed ke karan dakkan mean mugaloan ki sthiti kamazor ho jane se maliq ambar ne barar, balaghat aur ahamadanagar se mugaloan ko khade dane ke lie zoradar akraman kiya. usake is prayatn mean bijapur ke shasak ibrahim adilashah ne sahayata ki kyoanki vah chahata tha ki ahamadanagar, bijapur aur mugaloan ke bich nizamashahi rajy madhyavarti rajy bana rahe. usane malik ambar ko usake parivar mean rahane, khazana ikattha karane aur bhojan samagri rakhane ke lie telagaanna mean kanndhar ka shaktishali qila diya. usane usaki madad ke lie 10,000 ghu dasavar bhi bheje jinaka vyay poora karane ke lie ek kshetr bhi surakshit kar liya gaya. is samajhaute ko malik ambar tatha bijapur ke ek pramukh ithiyopiyaee saradar ki beti ke vivah se aur bhi dridh banaya gaya. yah vivah 1609 mean b di dhoom-dham se hua. adilashah ne vadhoo ko bahut dahej diya aur 80,000 rupaye keval atishabaji mean kharch kie.

bijapur ki sahayata se shakti bal badhakar aur marathoan ki sakriy sahayata se ambar ne shighr hi khan-e-khana ko burahanapur tak khade d diya. akabar dvara dakkan ke vijit pradesh is prakar 1610 tak chhin ge yadyapi jahaangir ne shahazada paravez ko ek b di sena dekar dakkan bheja tha par vah malik ambar ki chunauti ka samana nahian kar saka. yahaan tak ki ahamadanagar bhi chhin gaya aur shahazada paravez ko ambar ke sath apamanajanak samajhauta karana p da.

maliq ambar unnati karata raha. jab tak marathe tatha any dakkani tattv usaki sakriy sahayata karate rahe, mugal apana prabhutv punah sthapit nahian kar paye. lekin dhire-dhire malik ambar uddhat hokar gaya aur parinamatah usake mitr usase door ho gaye. abdurrahim khan-e-khana tab tak punah dakkan ka vayasaray niyukt ho chuka tha. usane is sthiti ka labh uthaya aur kee habshi saradaroan tatha jagadev ray, babaji kate, udaji ram jaise kee maratha saradaroan ko apani or mila liya. jahaangir svayan marathoan ke mahattv ke prati poori tarah se sajag tha. usane apani jivani mean likha hai ki marathe "sakht jan haian aur mulk mean virodh ka kendr haian." maratha saradaroan ki madad se khan-e-khana ne 1616 mean ahamadanagar, bijapur aur golakunda ki sanyukt sena ko poori tarah parajit kiya. mugaloan ne nizamashahi ki nayi rajadhani khiraki par adhikar kar liya aur vahaan se jane se pahale pratyek imarat jala dali. is parajay ne mugaloan ke viruddh dakkani bhaeechare ko hila diya. parantu malik ambar ne apane prayatnoan mean dhil nahian ane di.

jahaangir ki niti

khan-e-khana ki vijay ko poorn karane ke lie jahaangir ne apane putr shahazada khurram (bad mean shahajahaan) ke senapatitv mean bahut b di sena bheji aur svayan sahayata pahuanchane ke lie maandoo a gaya (1618). is khatare ko dekhate hue ambar ko samarpan karana p da. is sandarbh mean yah mahattvapoorn hai ki sandhi mean jahaangir ne ambar dvara jite ge pradeshoan tak apana dava nahian kiya. kuchh vidvanh isaka karan jahaangir ki sainik kamazori manate haian. kintu vastavikata yah nahian hai. yah jahaangir ki niti ke karan hua. spashtatah jahaangir dakkan mean mugal uttaradayitv ko badhana ya dakkan ke mamaloan mean bahut gaharaee se lipt hona nahian chahata tha aur phir use asha thi ki usaki udarata se dakkani riyasatoan ko niahsanshay hone ka avasar milega aur ve mugaloan ke sath mitratapoorvak rah sakeangi. apani niti ke aantargat hi jahaangir ne bijapur ko apani or khianchane ka prayatn kiya. adilashah ko usane ek udar faraman bheja, jisamean jahaangir ne use 'beta' kahakar sambodhit kiya tha.

mugaloan ke hathoan parajay

in parajayoan ke bavajood malik ambar mugaloan ke viruddh dakkani virodh ka netritv karata raha aur dakkan mean shanti sthapit nahian ho paee. parantu do varsh pashchath hi dakkani senaoan ki mugaloan ke hathoan gambhir parajay huee. ambar ko mugaloan ke sab kshetr lautane p de aur usake pas ka 14 kos ka kshetr bhi dena p da. dakkani riyasatoan ko pachas lakh rupaye harajane ke roop mean bhi dene p de. in vijayoan ka shrey shahazada kharram ko diya gaya.

ambar ka vijay abhiyan

pahali parajay ke tatkal bad is doosari parajay ne mugaloan ke khilaf dakkani riyasatoan ki ekata ko to d kar rakh diya. unamean purani shatrutaean phir se ubhar aeean. malik ambar ne sholapur ko punah prapt karane ke lie bijapur ke viruddh kee abhiyan chhe de. sholapur dono riyasatoan ke bich sangharsh ka karan tha. ambar drut gati se bijapur ki rajadhani pahuancha, ibrahim adilashah dvara banavayi nayi rajadhani naurasapur ko jala dala aur adilashah ko qile mean sharan lene ko vivash kar diya, yah ambar ki shakti ki charam-sima thi.

yadyapi malik ambar mean ullekhaniy sainik-kaushal, shakti aur ichchhashakti thi, kintu usaki upalabdhiyaan bahut kam samay tak rah sakian kyoanki mugaloan ke sath vah milakar nahian rah saka ya vah aisa karana hi nahian chahata tha. ambar ke uday mean sarvadhik mahattvapoorn bat yah thi ki isase dakkani kriyakalapoan mean marathoan ke mahattv ko spasht roop se svikar kiya gaya. malik ambar ke netritv mean saphalata ke bad marathoan mean itana atmavishvas utpann ho gaya ki kalantar mean ve svatantr bhoomika ka nirman karane mean samarth hue.

malik ambar ne bhoo-rajasv ki todaramal ki pranali ko lagoo karake nizamashahi riyasat ke prashasan mean sudhar lane ka prayatn kiya. usane bhoomi ko theke (izara) par dene ki purani pratha ka samapt kar diya kyoanki vah vah kisanoan ke vinash ka karan nahian banati thi. isake sthan par usane zabti-pranali ko lagoo kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ abisiniyaee

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] siniyaee

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