दादू दयाल

dadoo dayal
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janm	sanvath 1601 (sanh 1544 ee.)
janm bhoomi	ahamadabad
mrityu	sanvath 1660 (sanh 1603 ee.)
abhibhavak	lodiram aur basi baee
santan	putr- garibadas aur miskinadas, putriyaan- nanibaee tatha matabaee
karm bhoomi	gujarat
karm-kshetr	samaj sudhakar kavy
mukhy rachanaean	sakhi, pady, haradevani, aangavadhoo
vishay	dharmanirpesh, samaj sudharak
bhasha	hindi, gujarati, rajasthani
nagarikata	bharatiy
any janakari	bharat ke any bhakt aur sant ki tarah dadoo dayal ke jivan ke bare mean bhi pramanik janakari ka abhav hai. inaka janm, mrityu, jivan aur vyaktitv kianvadantiyoan, afavaho aur kapol-kalpanaoan se dhaka hua hai.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

dadoo dayal (aangrezi: Dadu Dayal, janm: 1544 ee.; mrityu: 1603 ee.) hindi ke bhaktikal mean jnanashrayi shakha ke pramukh sant kavi the. inhoanne ek nirgunavadi sanpraday ki sthapana ki, jo 'dadoopanth' ke nam se jnat hai. ve ahamadabad ke ek dhuniya ke putr aur mugal samrath shahajahaan (1627-58) ke samakalin the. unhoanne apana adhikaansh jivan rajapootana mean vyatit kiya evan hindoo aur islam dharm mean samanvay sthapit karane ke lie anek padoan ki rachana ki. unake anuyayi n to moortiyoan ki pooja karate haian aur n koee vishesh prakar ki veshabhoosha dharan karate haian. ve sirf ram ka nam japate haian aur shaantimay jivan mean vishvas karate haian, yadyapi dadoo panthiyoan ka ek varg sena mean bhi bharti hota raha hai. bharat ke any bhakt aur sant ki tarah dadoo dayal ke jivan ke bare mean bhi pramanik janakari ka abhav hai. inaka janm, mrityu, jivan aur vyaktitv kianvadantiyoan, afavaho aur kapol-kalpanaoan se dhaka hua hai. isaka ek karan yah hai ki ye sant am janata ke bich se ubhare the.

jivan parichay

dadoo peshe se dhuniya the aur bad mean vah dharmik upadeshak tatha ghumakk d ban ge. vah kuchh samay tak saanbhar v aanber aur aantatah narayana mean rahe, jahaan unaki mrityu huee. ye sabhi sthan jayapur tatha ajamer (rajasthan rajy) ke asapas hai. unhoanne vedoan ki satta, jatigat bhedabhav aur pooja ke sabhi vibhedakari adanbaroan ko asvikar kiya. isake badale unhoanne jap (bhagavan ke nam ki punaravritti) aur atma ko eeshvar ki dulhan manane jaise mool bhavoan par dhyan keandrit kiya. unake anuyayi shakahar aur madyatyag par zor dete haian aur sannyas dadoo panth ka ek anivary ghatak hai. dadoo ke upadesh mukhyatah kavy sooktiyoan aur eeshvar bhajan ke roop mean haian, jo 5,000 chhandoan ke sangrah mean sangrahit hai, jise bani (vani) kaha jata hai. ye any sant kaviyoan, jaise kabir, namadev, ravidas aur haridas ki rachanaoan ke sath bhi kianchit parivartit chhand sangrah panchavani mean shamil haian. yah granth dadoo panth ke dharmik granthoan mean se ek hai. am janata ka vivaran am taur par kahian nahian milata. yahi karan hai ki in santoan ke jivan ka pramanik vivaran hamean nahian milata. dadoo, raidas aur yahaan tak ki kabir ka namollekh bhi us yug ke itihas-granthoan mean yada-kada hi milata hai. santoan ka ullekh unaki mrityu ke varshoan bad milane lagata hai, jab unake shishy sangathit rajanitik-samajik shakti ke roop mean ubhar kar ane lage the. itani upeksha ke bavajood, dadoo dayal un kaviyoan mean se nahian haian, jinhean bharatiy janata ne bhula diya ho. adhunik shodhakartaoan ne anusandhan karake aise anek vismrit kaviyoan ko khoj nikalane ka gaurav prapt kiya hai.

vibhinn matoan ke anusar

• chandrika prasad tripathi ke anusar atharah varsh ki avastha tak ahamadabad mean rahe, chhah varsh tak madhy pradesh mean ghoomate rahe aur bad mean saanbhar (rajasthan) mean akar bas gaye. yadi dadoo ka janm ahamadabad mean hi hua tha, to ve saanbhar kab aur kyoan aye. saanbhar ane se pahale unhoanne kya kiya tha aur kahaan-kahaan bhraman kar chuke the. isaki pramanik soochana hamean nahian milati.
• jan gopal ki 'parachi' ke anusar dadoo tis varsh ki avastha mean saanbhar mean akar rahane lage the. saanbhar nivas ke dinoan ke bad ki unaki gatividhiyoan ki tho di bahut janakari milati hai. saanbhar ke bad vah kuchh dinoan tak amer mean (jayapur ke nikat) rahe. yahaan par abhi bhi ek 'dadoo dvara' bana hua hai.
• kuchh logoan ka kahana hai, dadoo ne fatehapur sikari mean akabar se bheant ki thi aur chalis dinoan tak adhyatmik vishayoan ki charcha bhi karate rahe the. yadyapi aitihasik dastavezoan mean yah janakari upalabdh nahian hai. yah anuman ka vishay hai. vaise akabar ne us yug ke anek dharmik bhaktoan aur santoan se vichar-vimarsh kiya tha. kee hindoo sant bhi unase milane gaye the. sambhav hai unamean dadoo bhi ek rahe hoan aur apane jivan kal mean itane prasiddh n hone ke karan unaki or dhyan kendrit n kiya gaya ho. any santoan ki tarah dadoo dayal ne bhi kafi desh-bhraman kiya tha. visheshakar uttar bharat, kashi), bihar, bangal aur rajasthan ke bhitari bhagoan mean lambi yatraean ki thian. ant mean, ye narana, rajasthan mean rahane lage, jahaan unhoanne apani ihalila samapt ki.

janm

sant kavi dadoo dayal ka janm phagun sudi ath brihaspativar sanvath 1601 (sanh 1544 ee.) ko hua tha. dadoo dayal ka janm bharat ke rajy gujarat ke ahamadabad shahar mean hua tha, par dadoo ke janm sthan ke bare mean vidvanh ekamat nahian hai. dadoo panthi logoan ka vichar hai ki vah ek chhote se balak ke roop mean (ahamadabad ke nikat) sabaramati nadi mean bahate hue paye gaye. dadoo dayal ka janm ahamadabad mean hua tha ya nahian, isaki pramanik janakari prapt karane ke sadhan ab hamare pas nahian haian. phir bhi itana to nishchit hai ki unake jivan ka b da bhag rajasthan mean bita.

parivarik jivan

unake parivar ka sambandh rajadarabar se nahian tha. tatkalin itihas lekhakoan aur sangrahakarttaoan ki drishti mean itihas ke keandr rajagharane hi hua karate the. dadoo dayal ke mata-pita kaun the aur unaki jati kya thi. is vishay par bhi vidvanoan mean matabhed hai. pramanik janakari ke abhav mean ye matabhed anuman ke adhar par bane hue haian. unake nivaran ke sadhan anupalabdh haian. ek kianvadanti ke anusar, kabir ki bhaanti dadoo bhi kisi kavaanri brahmani ki avaidh santan the, jisane badanami ke bhay se dadoo ko sabaramati nadi mean pravahit kar diya. bad mean, inaka lalan-palan ek dhuniya parivar mean hua. inaka lalan-palan lodiram namak nagar brahman ne kiya. achary parashuram chaturvedi ke matanusar inaki mata ka nam basi baee tha aur vah brahmani thi. yah kianvadanti kitani pramanik hai aur kis samay se prachalit huee hai, isaki koee janakari nahian hai. sambhav hai, ise bad mean gadh liya gaya ho. dadoo ke shishy rajjab ne likha hai—

dhuni grabhe utpanno dadoo yogandro mahamuniah.
utrim jog dharanan, tasmath kyan nyani karanamh..

pianjara ruee dhunane vali jati-vishesh hai, isalie ise dhuniya bhi kaha jata hai. achary kshitijamohan sen ne inaka sambandh bangal se bataya hai. unake anusar, dadoo musalaman the aur unaka asali nam 'daood' tha. dadoo dayal ke jivan ki janakari dadoo panthi raghodas 'bhaktamal' aur dadoo ke shishy janagopal dvara rachit 'shri dadoo janm lila parachi' mean milata hai. isake alava dadoo ki rachanaoan ke antahsakshy ke madhyam se bhi, ham unake jivan aur vyaktitv ke bare mean anuman laga sakate haian.

hindoo samaj mean paramparagat roop se vyakti ka parichay usake kul aur usaki jati se diya jata raha hai. jat-pat ki vyavastha madhy kal mean bahut sudridh thi. adhikaansh nirgun sant kavi nichi samajhi jane vali jatiyoan mean hue the aur ve jat-pat ki vyavastha ke virodhi the. lekin unake apaman ka abhijat samaj jat-pat ka kattar samarthak tha. is kroor yatharth ko sant kavi janate the. phir bhi, unake man mean apani jati sambandhi koee hin bhavana nahian thi. atah unhoanne n to apani jati ko chhipaya aur n ise charam saty manakar hi poojate rahe. kee bar svayan inake jijnasu bhakt bhi yah poochh hi lete the ki maharaj, apaki jati kya hai.

aise jijnasu bhaktoan ko sambodhit karate hue dadoo ne likha-

dadoo kul hamare kesava, sagat sirajanahar.
jati hamari jagatagur, parameshvar parivar..
dadoo ek saga sansar mean, jin ham sianraje soi..
manasa bacha kramanaan, aur n dooja koee..

yahaan dadoo ne apani vichar pranali ko vyakt karate hue kaha hai ki mere sachche sambandh to eeshvar se haian. aur isi sambandh se mera parichay hai. parivar mean apane-paraye ki bhavana a jati hai. dadoo ise sansar ki 'maya' aur sansar ke 'moh' ki sanjna dete haian. dadoo apane apako inase mukt kar chuke the, vah sansar mean rahate hue bhi saansarik bandhanoan ko kat chuke the. atah nirarthak jat-pat ki laukik bhasha mean apana vastavik parichay kaise dete.

phir bhi, kee sthanoan par unhoanne spasht ullekh kiya hai ki ve ek pianjara haian. ek pad mean unhoanne likha hai—

kaun adami kamin vichara, kisakauan poojai garib pianjara..tek
maian jan yek anek pasara, bhaujil bhariya adhik apara..1
ek hoi tau kahi samijhaooan, anek arujhai kyauan surajhauan..2
maian hauan nibal sabal e sare, kyauan kari poojauan bahut pasare..3
piv pukarau samajhat nahi, dadoo deshi disi jahi..4

dadoo ne is pad mean apane apako 'kamin' kahakar pukara hai. yah unhoanne namratavash hi nahian kaha hai. balki savarnoan dvara nichi samajhi jane vali jatiyoan ke vyaktiyoan ko pukare jane vale nam ko prakat kiya hai aur prakarantar se savarnoan ki samajh ki apajnapoorvak ninda bhi kar di hai.
dadoo ne ek aur pad mean kaha hai—

tahaan mujh kamin ki kaun chalavai.
jaka ajahooan muni jan mahal n pavai..tek
syau viranchi narad muni gabe, kaun bhaanti kari nikati bulavai..1
deva sakal tetisau kodi, rahe darabar tha de kar jo di..2
sidh sadhak rahe lyau laee, ajahooan mote mahal n pai..3
savataian nich maian naanv n jaannaan, kahai dadoo kyoan mile sayana..4

is pad mean samajik sanvedana aur adhyatmik anubhav ka mishran hua hai. dadoo eeshvar se milana chahata hai, lekin yah samaj badhak bana hua hai. eeshvar ki drishti mean sabhi manushy barabar hoan bhi to kya hota hai. samaj to mujhe sabase nich aur kamin kahakar hi pukarata hai. yahaan eeshvar se n mil pane ki nirasha ke sath-sath samajik anyay se ahat hriday ka dard bhi abhivyakt ho gaya hai. is antah sakshy ke adhar par nissankoch roop se yah kaha ja sakata hai ki dadoo pianjara the. brahman siddh karane vali kianvadantiyoan ka janm bad mean hua. vah musalaman the ya nahian, ya unhoanne islam mean nayi-nayi diksha le li thi, jisake karan unamean kuchh hindoo sanskar bach ge the, par vah the musalaman hi. isaka koee praman nahian milata. sambhav hai, yah un par arop lagane ke lie kaha jata raha ho. nirgun santoan ki varnashram virodhi chetana ke prabhav ko khatm karane ke lie un par islam ke prabhav ko pracharit kiya jata raha hai. islam chooanki us yug ka raj-dharm tha, atah inako bhi tatkalin sattadhariyoan se jo dakar inake jan-adhar ko sankuchit karane ka prayas kiya gaya tha. aisa anuman isalie lagaya ja sakata hai kyoanki yahi arop kabir par bhi lagaya gaya tha. unhoanne apani rachanaoan mean hindoo aur turk donoan ke margoan ko galat bataya hai. unake shishy hindoo aur musalaman donoan the. phir bhi, unake islam mean dikshit ho jane ka koee tark-sammat karan nahian dikhayi deta.
dadoo ki patni kaun thi, aur usaka kya nam tha, isaki pramanik janakari nahian milati. inake garibadas aur miskinadas namak do putr aur nanibaee tatha matabaee nam ki do putriyaan thian. kuchh vidvanh is bat se asahamat haian. unake anusar ye unake varad putr the. kuchh logoan ke anusar ye unake shishy the. janagopal ke anusar dadoo tis varsh ki avastha mean saanbhar mean bas gaye aur do varsh ke bad, unake jyeshth putr garibadas ka janm hua.

dadoo ke guru

dadoo ne apani vani mean guru ki mahima ka gan to bahut kiya hai, lekin unaka kahian nam nahian liya hai, jinake jnan ke prabhav se dadoo ka vyaktitv laukik badha-bandhanoan ko kat saka. dadoo ne apani rachanaoan mean guru ki mahima ka vistar se bakhan kiya hai. atah yah janana bhi hamare lie avashyak hai ki inake guru kaun the. lekin is tathy ki pramanik janakari anupalabdh hai. jan gopal ki 'shri dadoo janm lila parachi' ke anusar gyarah varsh ki avastha mean bhagavan ne ek buddh ke roop mean darshan dekar inase ek paisa maanga. phir inase prasann hokar inake sir par hath rakha aur inake sare sharir ka sparsh karate hue inake mukh mean 'saras pan' bhi diya. dadoo panthiyoan ke anusar buddhan namak ek ajnat sant inake guru the. jan gopal ke anusar bachapan ke gyarah varsh bit jane ke bad, inhean buddhe ke roop mean guru ke darshan hue.
ve sakshar the ya nahian, isake bare mean ab bhi sandeh bana hua hai. inake guru, jo ab tak ajnat haian, yadi ve tho de bahut sakshar rahe bhi hoan to bhi itana nishchit hai ki inhoanne dharm aur darshan ka adhyayan nahian kiya tha. unaki rachanaoan ka vastugat vishleshan isaki pushti nahian karata ki unhoanne dharm ka shastriy adhyayan kiya tha. any nirgun santoan ki tarah inhean bhi satsang se dharm-adhyatm ka jnan mila tha. unhoanne likha hai—

hari keval ek adhara, so taran tiran hamara..tek
na maian pandit padhi guni janau, na kuchh gyan vichara..1
na maian agam joantig jaannau, na mujh roop siangara..2

yahaan padh-likhakar pandit hone ka tatpary shastriy vidya se liya ja sakata hai. madhy yug mean yah suvidha sirf savarnoan ko mili huee thi. yahaan ek taraf to un tathakathit savarnoan ki sthiti par vyangy kiya gaya hai. doosari taraf shastriy jnan ke abhav ki kasak ko bhi sanpreshit kiya gaya hai. dharm-shastroan ke shastrajnoan ne nishchay hi unake jnan ko chunauti di thi aur dadoo jaise shaant svabhav ke sant ne is kami ko svikar kar liya—

agam mo pai janyau n jai, ihai vimasani jiy de mahi..

yah bhi ek sarvasvikrit tathy hai ki apani rachanaoan ka sangrah svayan dadoo dayal ne nahian balki unake shishyoan ne kiya tha. isase bhi yah sandeh pusht hota hai ki shayad dadoo sakshar nahian the. bhaktikal ke in nirgun santoan ki b di visheshata yah bhi thi ki inamean se adhikaansh sant grihasth the. ve saansarik moh-maya ko tyagane ka upadesh dete the. lekin sansar ke tyag ka nahian. isaka tatpary yah hai ki sansar mean rahate hue bhi sansar se oopar utha jae. sansar ka bahishkar karane vale to qayar hote haian. unhean mukti kaise mil sakati hai. saanbhar se hi dadoo dayal ki bhakti-sadhana arambh hoti hai. yahian se unhoanne upadesh dene shuroo kie the aur yahian par unhoanne 'par brahm sampraday' ki sthapana ki thi. jo dadoo ki mrityu ke bad 'dadoo panth' kaha jane laga. dadoo ne apani rachanaoan mean apane parivar aur parivarik sthiti ka zikr kiya hai. unhoanne likha hai—

dadoo roji ram hai, rajik rijak hamar.
dadoo us parasad sauan, poshya sab parivar..

dadoo sahib mere kap de, sahib mera pan.
sahib sir ka naz hai, sahib pyand paraann..
saanee sat santosh de, bhav bhagati besas.
sidak saboori sach de, maangai dadoo das..

aisa lagata hai ki kisi jijnasu vyakti ne dadoo se sidha saval poochha tha ki apaka khana-pina kaise chalata hai. ap apane parivar ka bharan-poshan kaise karate haian. arthath apaki ay ke sadhan kya haian. yahaan to charoan taraf abhav hi abhav dikhaee de raha hai. is jijnasa ko shaant karane ke lie dadoo ne kaha ki ram hi mera rozagar hai, vahi meri sampatti hai, usi ram ke prasad se parivar ka poshan ho raha hai. in panktiyoan se yah anuman sahaj hi lagaya ja sakata hai ki yahaan par aishvary ka bolabala nahian, garibi ka samrajy hai. yah bat yahaan rekhaankit karane ke layaq hai ki dadoo ko apani garibi se koee shikayat nahian hai. ise sahaj jivan sthiti manakar unhoanne svikar kar liya hai. garibi ki pi da ka bodh aur usase utpann akrosh dadoo ki rachanaoan mean kahian bhi nahian milata. yahaan kavi ram par nirbhar hai, kyoanki laukik sthiti anishchit hai. jise eeshvar ne maan ke garbh mean bachche ke lie nau mahine tak bhojan pahuancha diya hai aur jisane jatharagni ke bich usaki komal kaya ko bachae rakha hai, vah ram n kabhi itana nirdayi ho sakata hai aur n itana ashakt hi ki vah vyakti ko is sansar mean bhookh se mar dale. atah manushy ko khane-pine ki abhav ki hay-tauba nahian machani chahiye. dadoo ke anusar apane vyaktigat jivan ki chinta manushy ko nahian karani chahiye, svayan ram apane ap manushy ki chinata karata hai aur karega. dadoo ne ek sakhi mean kaha hai—

dadoo hooanna tha so hoi rahh ya, aur n hovai ai.
lena tha so le rahh ya, aur n liya jai..

dadoo ki in panktiyoan mean samajik jivan bhi vyakt ho gaya hai. isase tatkalin rajy vyavastha mean janata ki ashakti prakat hoti hai. vah manate haian ki apani chinta svayan karane se samasya ka samadhan nahian ho sakata. isaka phal hanikarak hai. atah dadoo kahate haian ki adami ko anutpadak chinta nahian karani chahiye. us yug ke bhaktoan aur santoan ne yah anubhavaparak nishkarsh nikala tha ki adami ko apane bhojan-pani ki chinta nahian karani chahiye. vah to mil hi jayega. isase adhik sampatti sanchit karane ki ichchha manushy ko nirantar kasht deti hai. vah sampatti sanchay to nahian kar pata, ulte apane bhojan se hi hath dho baithata hai. atah santosh dharan karake adami ko ram ka nam lete rahana chahiye. apane samay ke samaj ka sarvekshan karate hue dadoo ne kaha hai—

dadoo sab jag nidhana, dhanavanta nahian koee.
so dhanavanta janiy, jakai ram padarath hoee..

isi samajik sthiti ko dhyan mean rakhate hue sant kavi moolakadas ne kaha tha ki ajagar kisi ki chakari nahian karata aur pakshi koee bhi kam nahian karate. phir bhi unako ahar to milata hi hai. sab jivoan ke data ram haian. atah manushy ko khane-pine ke lie apani atma ko giravi nahian rakhana chahiye.

nirgun sant

dadoo dayal ne apane poorvavarti nirgun santoan ka nam b de adar aur samman ke sath liya hai. vishesh roop se unhoanne namadev, kabir aur raidas ke prati agadh shraddha prakat ki hai. kabir to dadoo ke adarsh the. unhoanne ek pad mean likha—

aanmrit raanm rasain piya, tathaian amar kabira kiya..
raanm raanm kahi raanm samaannaan, jan raidas mile bhagavana..

arthath kabir ne ram ras ka pan kiya tha, isase vah amar ho gaye. jan raidas ram ka nam lekar ram ke saman ho gaye. unake padoan aur sakhiyoan ka prabhav dadoo-vani par spasht dekha ja sakata hai. kee sakhiyaan to tho di bahut her-pher ke bad kabir aur dadoo donoan ke nam se prachalit haian. kabir ki rachanaoan par bhi poorvavarti nathoan aur siddhoan ki rachanaoan ka bahut gahara asar p da hai. atah inake sahity ko dekhakar yah nishchay poorvak nahian kaha ja sakata ki inaka kaun-sa pad maulik hai aur kaun-sa nahian.

dadoo ke shishy

dadoo ke jivan kal mean hi unake anek shishy ban chuke the. unhean ek sootr mean baandhane ke vichar se ek prithakh sampraday ki sthapana honi chahiye, yah vichar svayan dadoo ke man mean a gaya tha. aur isalie unhoanne saanbhar mean 'par brahm sampraday' ki sthapana kar di thi. dadoo ki mrityu ke bad unake shishyoan ne is sampraday ko 'dadoo panth' kahana shuroo kar diya. arambh mean inake kul ek sau bavan shishy mane jate rahe. inamean se ek sau shishy (bitaragi) the aur bhagavat bhajan mean hi lage rahe. bavan shishyoan ne ekaant bhagavat-chintan ke sath lok mean jnan ke prachar-prasar ka sangathanatmak kary karana bhi avashyak samajha. in bavan shishyoan ke thaanbhe prachalit hue. inake thaanbhe ab bhi adhikatar rajasthan, panjab v hariyana mean haian. is kshetr mean anek sthano par dadoo-dvaroan ki sthapana ki gee thi. unake shishyoan mean garibadas, badhana, rajjab, sundaradas, janagopal adi prasiddh hue. inamean se adhikatar santoan ne apani maulik rachanaean bhi prastut ki thian.
achary parashuram chaturvedi ne likha hai--

dadoo dayal ji ke dehant ho jane ke lagabhag sau varshoan ke andar dadoo panth ke anuyayiyoan ki vicharadhara, vesh bhoosha, rahan-sahan tatha upasana pranali mean kramashah nyoonadhik parivartan arambh ho gaya aur yah bat pradhan kendr tak mean dikh p dane lagi. narana ke mahantoan ka jaitaram ji (san0 1750-1789) se avivahit raha karana avashyak ho gaya, dadoo vani ko uchch sthan par padharakar usaka poojan arambh ho gaya. vidhivat arati evan bhajanoan ka gan hone laga, svargiy sadaguru ke prati paramatmavad bhav pradarshit kiya jane laga tatha sampradayikata ke bhav mean uttarottar vriddhi hoti chali gayi. jab tak dadoo dayal ji ke rajjab ji, sundaradas ji, banavaridas ji jaise shishy jivit rahe unaki mool batoan ki or logoan ka dhyan adhik akrisht raha. kintu inake bhi mar jane par jab prithak-prithakh thaanbhoan ki pratishtha ho chali aur ukt vichar dhara ka door-door tak prachar ho chala to, kuchh sthaniy visheshataoan ke karan aur kuchh vyaktigat matabhedoan ke bhi a jane se, upasampradayoan tak ki srishti arambh ho gayi. dadoo mat ka maulik sarvabhaumaroop kramashah tirohit-sa hota chala gaya aur usaki jagah ek nyoonadhik 'hindoo dharm prabhavit panth' nirmit ho gaya.

dadoo dayal ke virodhi

dadoo dayal ke jahaan itane shishy aur samarthak the, vahaan unake virodhi aur niandak bhi kam nahian the. dadoo dayal apane niandakoan ko janate the. isalie ek pad mean un par halka-sa vyangy kiya hai. usamean dadoo ne kaha hai ki niandak to mujhe bhaee ke saman priy haian, jo karo doan karmoan ke bandhan ko katata hai. jo svayan bhavasagar mean doobakar bhi doosare ko bacha leta hai. vah unako yugoan tak jivit rahane ka ashirvad bhi dete haian—

nyandak vava bir hamara, bin hi kau de vahe vichara..tek
karam koti ke kusamal katai, kaj savare binahi sate..1
apan boo dai aur kauan tarai, aisa pritam par utare..2
jugi jugi jive niandak mora, ramadev tum karauan nihora..3
nyandak bapura par upagari, nadoo nyandya karean hamari..4

doosari or dadoo ne apane shishyoan ko upadesh diya hai ki ve paranianda n kiya karean, kyoanki nianda to vah vyakti karata hai, jinake hriday mean ram ka nivas nahian hai. dadoo ko b da ashchary hota hai ki log kaise nissankoch roop se doosare ki nianda kar dete haian.

nyandat sab log vichara, hamakauan bhave ram piyara..
narasansai nridosh rahataje, tasani kahat gaye re ye..
niravairi nihakami sadh, tasiri det bahut aparadh..
loha kanchan ek saman, tasani kahaian karat abhiman..
nyanda stuti ek kari taule, tasauan kahaian apavad hi bolean..
dadoo nianda takauan bhavaian, jakai hirade ram n avaian..

dadoo ki rachanaoan ka vastugat adhyayan karane se pata chalata hai ki unamean vad-vivad ki pravritti kam thi. unhoanne khandan kam aur mandan adhik kiya hai. isase lagata hai ki unaka virodh ya to unaki anupasthiti mean hota tha, jisaki janakari unhean bad mean milati thi ya vah svayan itane shant svabhav ke the ki kisi vivad mean ulajhe hi nahian. nianda-stuti ko unhoanne samabhav se grahan kar liya tha. jo bhi ho, unhoanne apane virodhiyoan se bahas kam ki hai aur samarthakoan ko salah zyada di hai.

pramukh upasampraday

kalantar mean dadoo panth ke paanch pramukh upasampraday nirmit hue :-

• khalasa
• virakt tapasvi
• utaradhean ya sthanadhari
• khaki
• naga

inake manane vale alag-alag sthanoan par milate haian. inamean apas mean tho di bahut mat bhinnata bhi payi jati hai. lekin sab upasampradayoan mean dadoo ke mahattv ko svikar kiya jata hai. sant dadoo dayal ke vibhinn smarakoan ka ullekh karate hue achary parashuram chaturvedi ne likha hai-

sant dadoo dayal ke smarak roop vishisht sthanoan mean sarvapratham sthan karadala v kalyanapur prasiddh hai. jahaan unhoanne pahali bar kafi samay tak sadhana ki thi. is bat ka parichay dilane ke lie vahaan unaki ek 'bhajan shila, vartaman hai. vahaan par paha di ke niche ki or ek dadoo dvara bhi bana diya gaya hai jise, usi karan mahattv diya jata hai. karadala ke atirikt saanbhar mean bhi dadoo ji ki ek chhatari bani huee hai. jo unake rahane ki purani kutiya ka pratinidhitv karati hai aur pichhe vahaan par ek vishal mandir bhi bana diya gaya hai. saanbhar ke anantar adhik samay tak unake nivas karane ka sthan amer samajha jata hai, jahaan par ek sundar dadoo dvara nirmit hai. parantu in sabhi se adhik mahattv narane ko diya jata hai, jahaan par abhi tak vah khej de ka vriksh bhi dikhalaya jata hai, jahaan par ve baitha karate the. usi ke samip ek 'bhajanashala' hai, tatha ek vishal mandir bhi bana hua hai. yahaan ka dadoo dvara sarvapratham mana jata hai. dadoo ji ka shav, jahaan unaka dehant ho jane par, dal diya gaya tha, vah bharane ka sthan bhi unake antim smarak ke roop mean vartaman hai. vahaan par bhi ek chabootara bana diya gaya hai aur poora sthan 'dadoo khol' ke nam se bhi abhihit kiya jata hai. kahate haian ki yahian kahian par unake kuchh bal, tooanba, chola tatha kh daooan bhi abhi tak surakshit hai. kalyanapur, saanbhar, amer, narana v bhairana 'panchatirth' bhi mane jate haian.

unake smarak ke roop mean do mele bhi laga karate haian. inamean se ek narane mean prati varsh phagun sudi paanch se lekar ekadashi tak laga karata hai. jinamean prayah sabhi sthanoan ke dadoo panthi ikatthe hote haian. doosara mela bhairane mean phagun krishna tin se phagun sudi tin tak chalata rahata hai.

dadoo ki rachanaean

• sakhi
• pady
• haradevani
• aangavadhoo

dadoo ne kee sakhi aur pady likhe hai. dadoo ki rachanaoan ka sangrah unake do shishyoan santadas aur jaganadas ne 'haradevani' nam se kiya tha. kalaantar mean rajjab ne isaka sampadan 'aangavadhoo' nam se kiya. dadoo ki kavita jan samany ko dhyan mean rakhakar likhi gee hai, atev saral evan sahaj hai. dadoo bhi kabir ki tarah anubhav ko hi praman manate the. dadoo ki rachanaoan mean bhagavan ke prati prem aur vyakulata ka bhav hai. kabir ki tarah unhoanne bhi nirgun nirakar bhagavan ko vaiyaktik bhavanaoan ka vishay banaya hai. unaki rachanaoan mean islami sadhana ke shabdoan ka bahut prayog hua hai. unaki bhasha pashchimi rajasthani se prabhavit hindi hai. isamean arabi-farasi ke kafi shabd ae haian, phir bhi vah sahaj aur sugam hai.

aangavadhoo

dadoo dayal ki vani aangavadhoo satik achary chandrika prasad tripathi dvara sampadit hai jo ajamer se prakashit huee hai. yah kee hastalipiyoan ke anukaran ke adhar par sampadit ki gee hai. isi kram mean rajjab ne inaki vani ko kramabaddh tatha alag-alag bhagoan mean vibhajit karake aangavadhoo ke nam se inaki vaniyoan ka sankalan kiya. aangavadhoo mean harade vani ki sabhi trutiyoan ko door karane ka prayas parilakshit hota hai. aangavadhoo ko 37 bhagoan mean vibhajit karane ka prayas hai. isi ke adhar par hi alag-alag vidvanoan ne dadoo vani ko apane-apane dhang se sampadit kiya hai. 59 dadoo vani ko kee logoan ne sampadit kiya hai. jinamean chandrika prasad, baboo baleshvari prasad, svami narayan das, svami jivanand, bharat bhikshu adi pramukh haian. sanh‌ 1907 mean sudhakar dvivedi ne kashi nagari pracharini sabha se inaki rachanaoan ko dadoo dayal ki bani ke nam se prakashit karavaya. inhoanne isako do bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya hai. pahale khand mean dohe tatha doosare mean pad hai, jinhean rag-raginiyoan ke sandarbhoan mean vargikrit kiya hai.

mrityu

dadoo dayal ki mrityu jeth vadi ashtami shanivar sanvath 1660 (sanh 1603 ee.) ko huee. janm sthan ke sambandh mean matabhed ki guanjaish ho sakati hai. lekin yah tay hai ki inaki mrityu ajamer ke nikat narana namak gaanv mean huee. vahaan 'dadoo-dvara' bana hua hai. inake janm-din aur mrityu ke din vahaan par har sal mela lagata hai. narana unaki sadhana bhoomi bhi rahi hai aur samadhi bhoomi bhi. is sthan ka paramparik mahattv aj bhi jyoan-ka-tyoan bana hua hai. dadoo panthi santoan ke lie yah sthan tirth ke saman hai. chooanki inake janm-sthan ke bare mean vishesh janakari nahian milati, atah dadoo-panthi log bhi kisi sthan vishesh ki pooja nahian karate. ant mean, ye narana (rajasthan) mean rahane lage, jahaan unhoanne apani ihalila samapt ki. dadoo ki ichchhanusar unake sharir ko bhairana ki paha di par sthit ek gufa mean rakha gaya, jahaan inhean samadhi di gayi. isi paha di ko ab 'dadoo khol' kaha jata hai. jahaan unaki smriti mean ab bhi mela laga karata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

pustak sandarbh:- dadoo dayal, lekhak- ramabaksh, prakashak- sahity akadami