नागरिकता

bharat mean ekal nagarikata ki vyavastha ki gee hai. nagarikata ke sambandh mean bharatiy sanvidhan ke bhag-2 tatha anuchchhed 5-11 mean pravadhan kiya gaya hai. in anuchchhedoan mean keval yah pravadhan kiya gaya hai ki bharat ka nagarik kaun hai aur kise bharat ka nagarik mana jae. isake atirikt anuchchhed 11 dvara sansad ko bhavishy mean nagarikata ke sambandh mean qanoon banane ka adhikar pradan kiya gaya hai. is adhikar ka prayog karake sansad ne nagarikata ke sambandh mean adhiniyam, 1955 banaya hai. jisamean ab tak kee bar sanshodhan kiya ja chuka hai.

bharatiy sanvidhan mean pravadhan

bharatiy sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 5 se 9 tak mean nagarikata ke sambandh mean nimnalikhit pravadhan kiye ge haian–

sanvidhan ke prarambh par nagarikata

anuchchhed 5 ke anusar bharatiy sanvidhan ke prarambh par jis vyakti ka bharat mean adhivas ho aur

1. jo bharat ke rajy kshetr mean janma tha, ya
2. jisake mata-pita mean se koee bharat mean janma tha, ya
3. jo sanvidhan ke prarambh ke thik pahale kam se kam paanch varsh tak mamooli taur se bharat mean nivasi raha hai, vah bharat ka nagarik hoga. is sthiti mean vyakti ke mata-pita ki rashtriyata ka koee mahattv nahian hai.

bharatiy nagarikata

pakistan se bharat ane vale vyakti ko bharatiy nagarik mana jaega (anuchchhed 6), yadi–

1. vah ya usake mata-pita mean se koee usake pitamah ya pitamahi athava matamah ya matamahi mean se koee bharat mean janma tha.
2. vah 19 julaee, 1948 se pahale bharat mean chala aya tha tatha is tithi se bharat ka nivasi raha hai.
3. vah 19 julaee, 1948 ke pashchath bharat mean aya hai, to bharat sarakar dvara nagarik ke roop mean panjikrit kar liya gaya hai.

aise vyakti ko bharatiy nagarik ke roop mean panjikrit nahian kiya jaega, jo bharat mean apane nivas ki avadhi ke chhah mah ke aantargat nagarik ke roop mean panjikrit kiye jane ka avedan karata hai, arthath nagarik ke roop mean keval usi vyakti ko panjikrit kiya jaega, jo ki bharat mean apane nivas ki avadhi ke 6 mah pashchath panjikaran ke lie avedan karata hai.

pakistan ko avrajan karane valoan nagarikata

sanvidhan ka anuchchhed 7 yah upabandh karata hai ki anuchchhed 5 ya 6 mean kisi bat ke hote hue bhi jo vyakti 1 march, 1947 ke pashchath bharat se pakistan ka avrajan kar gaya hai vah bharat ka nagarik nahian samajha jaega. kintu yah niyam us vyakti par lagoo nahian hoga jo pakistan ko avrajan karane ke pashchath kisi anujna ke adhin bharat laut aya hai. pratyek aisa vyakti anuchchhed 9 ke khand (kh) ke prayojanaoan ke lie 19 julaee, 1948 ke pashchath bharat kshetr mean avrajan karane vala samajha jaega aur yadi vah anuchchhed 6 ke adhin di gee sabhi shartoan ko poora karata hai, jo 1948 ke bad pakistan se bharat ane vale pravasiyoan ke lie avashyak hai, to vah bharat ka nagarik banane ka hakadar hai.

bharat ke bahar bharatiy utpatti vale vyakti ki nagarikata

anuchchhed 8 bharat mean janme kintu videsh mean rahane vale kuchh vyaktiyoan ko kuchh shartoan ko poora karane par nagarikata ka adhikar pradan karata hai. isake aantargat pakistan jane vale log sammilit nahian haian. anuchchhed 8 ke anusar koee bhi vyakti ya usake mata-pita mean se koee jo bharat sarakar adhiniyam 1935 mean paribhashit bharat ke bahar kisi desh mean rah raha hai, yadi vah nimnalikhit shartean poori kar le to vah bharat ka nagarik samajha jaega–

1. vah bharat ka nagarik ke roop mean panjikrit kar liya gaya ho.
2. vah panjikaran bharat ke rajanayik ya kauanshalar pratinidhi, jahaan vah us samay nivas kar raha ho, dvara kiya gaya ho.
3. us ashay ka avedan patr uparyukt rajanayik athava kauanshalar pratinidhi jahaan vah us samay nivas kar raha ho, dvara kiya gaya ho.
4. yah avedan sanvidhan lagoo hone ke pahale ya bad mean kiya gaya ho.
5. avedan patr dominiyan sarakar dvara ya bharat sarakar dvara vihit prapatr par aur riti se kiya gaya ho.

videshi nagarikata arjit karane par bharat ki nagarikata ki samapti

anuchchhed 9 yah upabandhit karata hai ki yadi koee vyakti apani ichchha se kisi videshi rajy ki nagarikata arjit kar leta hai to usaki bharat ki nagarikata samapt ho jaegi aur vah anuchchhed 5, 6 ya 8 ke adhar par nagarikata ke adhikar ka dava nahian kar sakata. yah pravadhan keval un logoan ke sambandh mean hai, jinhoanne sanvidhan prarambh hone ke pahale svechchha se kisi videshi rajy ki nagarikata prapt kar li thi. sanvidhan lagoo hone ke bad nagarikata ke sambandh mean poorn vyavastha nagarikata adhiniyam dvara nirdharit ki jati hai. ==bharatiy nagarikata ka arjan==  sansad dvara nirmit nagarikata adhiniyam 1955 ke adhin bharatiy nagarikata ka arjan nimn prakar se kiya jata hai-

janm dvara nagarikata

26 janavari, 1950 ke bad tatha nagarikata sanshodhan adhiniyam, 1986 ke poorv bharat mean janm lene vale pratyek vyakti ko bharat ki nagarikata prapt hogi, lekin nagarikata sanshodhan adhiniyam ke pravartan ke bad bharat ke rajyakshetr mean janm lene vala koee vyakti tab bharat ka nagarik hoga, jab usake mata-pita mean se koee bharat ka nagarik ho.

deshiyakaran dvara nagarikata ki prapti

koee bhi videshi vyakti jo vayask ho chuka hai aur pratham anusoochi mean varnit deshoan ka nagarik nahian hai, bharat sarakar se nirdharit prapatr par deshiyakaran ke lie avedan patr de sakata hai. kuchh nirdharit shartoan ke adhar par kendriy sarakar dvara santusht hone ke pashchath avedan karta ko deshikaran ka pramanapatr diya ja sakata hai. is riti se nagarikata prapt karane ke lie nimnalikhit shartoan ko poora karana avashyak hai–

1. vah kisi aise desh ka nagarik n ho jahaan bharatiy deshikaran dvara nagarik banane se rok diye jate hoan.
2. usane apane desh ki nagarikata ka parityag kar diya ho, aur kendriy sarakar ko is bat ki soochana de di ho.
3. vah deshiyakaran ke lie avedan karane ki tithi se pahale 12 varsh tak ya to bharat mean raha ho ya bharat sarakar ki seva mean raha ho, is sambandh mean kendriy sarakar yadi uchit samajhe to us avadhi ko ghata sakati hai.
4. ukt 12 varsh ke pahale ko kul 7 varshoan mean se kam se kam 4 varsh tak usane bharat mean nivas kiya ho ya bharat sarakar ki naukari mean raha ho,
5. vah ek achchhe charitr ka vyakti ho.
6. vah rajyanishtha ki shapath grahan kare.
7. use bharatiy sanvidhan dvara many bhasha ka samyak jnan ho.
8. deshiyakaran ke pramanapatr ki prapti ke uparant usaka bharat mean nivas karane ya bharat sarakar ki naukari karane ka irada ho.

vansh parampara ke dvara nagarikata

bharat ke bahar any desh mean 26 janavari, 1950 ke pashchath janm lene vala vyakti bharat ka nagarik mana jaega, yadi usake janm ke samay usake mata-pita mean se koee bharat ka nagarik ho. mata ki nagarikata ke adhar par videsh mean janm lene vale vyakti ko nagarikata pradan karane ka pravadhan nagarikata sanshodhan adhiniyam, 1992 dvara kiya gaya hai.

panjikaran ke dvara nagarikata

jo vyakti bharat ka nagarik nahian hai, vah panjikaran dvara bharat ki nagarikata prapt kar sakata hai. panjikaran dvara nagarikata prapt karane ke lie vyakti ko isake lie niyukt adhikari ke samaksh vihit praroop mean avedan karana hota hai.

arjit bhoo-bhag ke vilayan dvara nagarikata

yadi kisi naye bhoo-bhag ko bharat mean shamil kiya jata hai, to us kshetr mean nivas karane vale vyaktiyoan ko bharat ki nagarikata prapt ho jati hai. gova, daman aur div, pandicheri tatha sikkim ke rajy kshetr mean nivas karane vale vyaktiyoan ko inake bharat mean vilayan par isi prakar se nagarikata prapt huee thi.

sanshodhan adhiniyam, 2003

pravasi bharatiyoan ki nagarikata sambandhi nagarikata sanshodhan adhiniyam, 2003- pravasi bharatiyoan v videsh mean base bharatiy mool ke logoan ko dohari nagarikata pradan karane ke uddeshy se sansad dvara adhiniyam, 1955 mean sanshodhan kiya gaya hai. isake lie nagarikata (sanshodhan) vidheyak, 2003 ko sarvasammati se parit kiya gaya hai. yah vidheyak lakshmimal siandhavi ki adhyakshata vali samiti ki sifarishoan ke adhar par taiyar kiya gaya tha.

bharatiy mool ke log

nagarikata adhiniyam 1955 mean sanshodhan karake 16 deshoan mean base bharatiy mool ke logoan ko unaki videshi nagarikata ke sath bharat ki ovarasij nagarikata pradan karane ka pravadhan kiya gaya hai. in 16 deshoan mean svitjaralaind, aaustreliya, kanada, israyal, purtagal, fraans, svidan, nyoojilaind, yoonan, saipras, itali, phinalaind, ayaralaind, nidaralaind, briten v sanyukt rajy amarika shamil haian. deshoan ki is soochi ka bad mean vistar kiya jaega. aisi dohari nagarikata prapt karane vale bharatiy mool ke vyaktiyoan ko bharat mean ane-jane ki svatantrata hogi, kintu bharat mean unhean matadhikar prapt nahian hoga. sath hi unhean bharat mean kisi sanvaidhanik pad ko prapt karane ka bhi adhikar nahian hoga. isake atirikt sarvajanik naukariyoan ke lie sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 16 mean pradatt avasar ki samanata ka adhikar bhi inhean prapt nahian hoga.

adhyadesh 2005 ki udaghoshana

bad mean 28 joon, 2005 ko nagarikata (sanshodhan) adhyadesh, 2005 ki udaghoshana ki gee. yah sanshodhan nagarikata adhiniyam, 1955 ki chauthi anusoochi ko hatane sambandhi pravadhanoan se yukt hai. isake anusar bharatiy mool ke log, jo athava jinake mata/pita ya dada/dadi 26 janavari, 1950 ke bad pravasit hue hoan athava 26 janavari, 1950 ko bharatiy nagarikata ki yogyata unake pas rahi ho athava aise kshetr mean hoan jo 15 agast, 1947 ke bad bharat ka aang ban gaya ho, unake us samay ke chhote bachche jo ab aise desh mean rah rahe hoan, jahaan par dohari nagarikata ka kisi bhi prakar ka pravadhan upalabdh ho, ovarasij (sima pariy) bharatiy nagarikata (osiaee) prapt kar sakate haian. is prakar pakistan tatha baangladesh ko chho dakar any sabhi deshoan ke nagarikoan ko is pravadhan ke aantargat ovarasij bharatiy nagarikata pradan ki ja sakati hai. nagarikata (sanshodhan) adhyadesh, 2005 ke dvara osiaee jinaka panjikaran 5 varsh ke lie hua hai ki bharat mean thaharane/rukane ki avadhi do varsh se ghatakar 1 varsh kar di jaegi.

vishesh adhikar

keval nagarikoan ko prapt kuchh vishesh adhikar is prakar hai-

1. anuchchhed 15, 16, 19 aur 29 ke dvara pradatt mool adhikar.
2. videshi rajy se upadhi svikar karane par pratibandh.
3. kuchh mahattvapoorn sanvaidhanik pad, yatha- rashtrapati, uparashtrapati, uchchatam nyayalay ka nyayadhish, uchch nyayalay ka nyayadhish, rajyapal, mahanyayavadi, mahadhivakta adi par niyukti ka adhikar.
4. lokasabha aur rajy vidhanasabha ke lie matadan ki patrata.
5. sansad ya rajy vidhanamandal ke sadasy hone ke lie arhata.

bharatiy nagarikata ki samapti

bharatiy nagarikata nimnalikhit prakar se samapt hoti hai–

1. any desh ki nagarikata svikar karane par.
2. nagarikata ka parityag karane par.
3. sarakar ke dvara nagarikata chhinane par.

labh

kisi rajy mean sthaee nivas ke adhar par labh- bharat mean ekal nagarikata hai aur nagarikoan ke kisi rajy mean nivas ke adhar par nagarikoan ke sambandh mean koee bhed nahian kiya ja sakata hai, lekin kisi rajy mean sthaee nivas ke kuchh mamaloan mean labh ho sakata hai. yah do prakar se pradan kiya ja sakata hai–

sansad ke dvara qanoon banakar

sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 16 (3) ke adhin sansad ko yah adhikar pradan kiya gaya hai ki vah kisi rajy ya sangh rajy ke kshetr ki sarakar ke ya usamean ke kisi sthaniy ya any pradhikari ke sambandh mean aise niyojan ya niyukti se pahale us rajy ya sangh rajy kshetr ke bhitar nivas sambandhi yogyata ki apeksha niyat kar sakati hai. is adhikar ke prayog mean sansad ne lok niyojan (nivas ki apeksha) adhiniyam, 1957 parit karake kendr sarakar ko aandhr pradesh, himachal pradesh, manipur tatha tripura mean arajapatrit padoan mean niyukti ke lie adhivas ki apekshaean vihit karane ke lie niyam banane ki shakti di thi. bad mean 1974 mean is adhiniyam ko sansad dvara nirast kar diya gaya. sansad ne is adhikar ka prayog karake koee niyam nahian banaya. isalie vartaman sthiti yah hai ki kisi bhi vyakti ko kisi bhi rajy mean is adhar par niyojan se vanchit nahian kiya ja sakata ki vah us rajy ka nivasi nahian hai.

rajy vidhanamandal dvara qanoon banakar

koee rajy apane rajy ke nivasiyoan ke labh ke lie koee qanoon bana sakata hai, kyoanki sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 15 (1) mean keval dharm, moolavansh, jati, liang ya janm sthan ke adhar par vibhed ko pratishiddh kiya gaya hai. isamean nivas sthan ka ullekh nahian hai. is prakar sanvidhan bhi yah anumati deta hai ki rajy sanvidhan ke dvara pradatt adhikaroan se bhinn vishayoan mean apane nivasiyoan ko labh pradan kar sakata hai. uchchatam nyayalay ne bhi isaka samarthan karate hue kaha hai ki anuchchhed 15 mean nivas sthan ke adhar par vibhed ko pratishiddh nahian kiya gaya hai. isalie rajy apane rajy ke shikshan sansthanoan mean fis adi ke sambandh mean apane nivasiyoan ko riyayat de sakata hai.

jammoo-kashmir rajy ke adhikar

jammoo-kashmir rajy ko apane nivasiyoan ko adhikar tatha visheshadhikar pradan karane ki shakti-jammoo-kashmir rajy ke vidhan mandal ko nimnalikhit vishayoan ke sambandh mean rajy mean sthayi roop se nivas karane vale vyaktiyoan ko adhikar tatha visheshadhikar pradan karane ki shakti pradan ki gayi hai–

1. rajy ke adhin niyojan ke sambandh mean.
2. rajy mean achal sampatti ke arjan ke sambandh mean.
3. rajy mean sthayi roop se bas jane ke sambandh mean.
4. chhatravrittiyoan athava isi prakar ki sahayata, jo rajy sarakar pradan kare, ke sambandh mean.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh