पाण्ड्य साम्राज्य
pandy samrajy ka 'bharatiy itihas' mean bahut hi khas sthan hai. tamilanadu mean jahaan ajakal madura aur tenevali ke zile haian, vahaan par prachin samay mean pandy rajavansh ke rajaoan ka rajy tha. cholamandal ke saman pandy rajy ki sima bhi usake raja ki shakti ke anusar ghatati-badhati rahi. is rajy ki rajadhani madura thi, jo tamil sanskriti aur sahity ka prasiddh kendr tha.
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shasak raja
pandy rajy ka prachin rajanitik itihas adhankar mean hai, yadyapi sahity dvara is rajy ke katipay rajaoan ke nam hamean jnat haian. chhathi sadi ke antim bhag mean 'kandugon' namak raja ne pandy rajy ke utkarsh ka sootrapat kiya. usake vansh ke arikeshari maravarma, kochchadayanh, ranadhir, maravarma, rajasianh pratham aur nedunjadayanh varagun namak raja hue, jinake shasan kal mean pandy rajy ne achchhi unnati ki aur samip ke pradeshoan ko jitakar apane rajy ke kshetr ka vistar bhi kiya. ye raja athavian sadi mean hue the. pandy desh ke bad ke rajaoan mean shrimar shrivallabh bahut prasiddh hua. usaka shasan kal lagabhag 815 se 832 ee. tak tha. shrimar shrivallabh ne sianhal dvip (vartaman shrilanka) par akraman kar use apane adhin kiya, aur phir chol, pallav tatha gang rajaoan ko parast kiya. niahsandeh shrivallabh is rajy ka bahut pratapi raja tha aur usake samay mean pandy desh ek mahattvapoorn evan prabal rajy ban gaya tha.
choloan se sangharsh
pandy rajy ki samriddhi adhik samay tak qayam nahian rahi. dasavian sadi mean chol rajy ka kis prakar utkarsh hua. cholaraj parantak pratham (907-949) ne apane rajy ka vistar karate hue pandy desh par bhi akraman kiya aur use vijay kar liya. is samay madura ke rajasianhasan par maravarma jayasianh dvitiy aroodh tha, jo parantak ke dvara parast ho gaya aur madura par chol raj ka adhikar ho gaya. isi upalakshy mean parantak ne 'maduraikond' ki upadhi dharan ki thi. choloan ki is vijay ke karan pandy desh ki sthiti ek samant rajy ke saman rah gee, kyoanki bad ke pandy raja pratapi chol samratoan ke viruddh vidroh kar svatantr hone ki shakti nahian rakhate the. par isase yah nahian samajhana chahie ki pandy rajaoan ne choloan ka jua utar phaiankane ka kabhi prayatn hi nahian kiya.
rashtrakootoan ki adhinata
dasavian sadi ke madhy mean rashtrakoot raja krishna tritiy ne choloan ko buri tarah se parajit kiya, tab pandy raja ne is sthiti se labh uthakar svatantr hone ka prayatn kiya. par jo pratapi rashtrakoot samrat choloan ko jitane mean samarth hua, usane pandy rajy ko bhi apana vashavarti bana liya aur apane putr jatavarma ko vahaan ka shasan karane ke lie niyat kiya. isake bad bhi anek bar pandy rajy ne svatantr hone ka prayatn kiya, kiantu barahavian sadi ke ant tak use saphalata prapt nahian huee aur usaki sthiti adhinasth rajy ke saman hi bani rahi.
pandy rajaoan ka pun: utkarsh
barahavian sadi ke ant mean jab chol rajy nirbal ho gaya to pandy rajy ko apane utkarsh ka avasar prapt ho gaya aur usake raja jatavarma kulashekhar (1190-1216) ne apane ko svatantr kar liya. ek bar phir se pandy rajy ka utkarsh kal prarambh hua aur vah sudoor dakshin ki pradhan rajashakti ban gaya. jatavarma kulashekhar ka uttaradhikari maravarma sundar pandy (1216-1238) bahut prasiddh hua. chol mandal se bhi age badhakar usane kanji par adhikar kar liya. dakshin bharat ke hoyasal, kakatiy adi rajavanshoan ke any anek rajyoan ko bhi is pratapi raja ne apane adhin kiya.
patan
terahavian sadi is rajy ke utkarsh ki sadi thi aur isake raja jahaan vir aur pratapi the, vahaan sath hi mandiroan ka nirman kar apane rajy ko nagaroan ko vibhooshit karane par bhi ve bahut dhyan dete the. chaudahavian sadi ke prarambh bhag mean jab alauddin khilazi ke senapati malik kafoor ne dakshin bharat ki vijay yatra ki, to usane madura ka bhi dhvans kiya. isi samay pandy rajy ki svatantrata aur utkarsh ka bhi ant ho gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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