पेशवा

peshava
[[chitr:Chatrapati-Shivaji.jpg|shivaji|200px|center]]
vivaran	peshava maratha samrajy mean raja ke salahakar ko kaha jata tha. peshava ka pad moolaroop se shivaji dvara niyukt ashtapradhanoan mean se ek tha.
maratha peshava	balaji vishvanath - 1713-1720 ee. bajirav pratham - 1720-1740 ee. balaji bajirav - 1740-1761 ee. madhavarav pratham - 1761-1772 ee. narayanarav - 1772-1773 ee. raghunatharav - 1773-1774 ee. madhavarav dvitiy - 1774-1795 ee. bajirav dvitiy - 1796-1818 ee.
vishesh	maratha samrajy mean peshava ka pad pahale vanshagat nahian tha, lekin balaji bajirav ne 1749 ee. mean maharaj shahoo ki mrityu ke bad peshava pad ko vanshagat bana diya tha.
sanbandhit lekh	shivaji, shahaji bhoansale, jijabaee, shambhaji, shahoo, tarabaee, nana ph danavis, maratha samrajy, maratha,
any janakari	shahoo ke rajyakal mean balaji vishvanath ne is pad ka mahattv bahut adhik badha diya tha. vah 1713 ee. mean peshava niyukt hua aur 1720 ee. mean mrityu hone tak is pad par bana raha.

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peshava ka pad moolaroop se shivaji dvara niyukt ashtapradhanoan mean se ek tha. peshava ko 'mukhy pradhan' bhi kahate the. usaka kary samany riti se prajahit par dhyan rakhana tha. maratha samrajy mean peshava ka pad pahale vanshagat nahian tha, lekin balaji bajirav ne 1749 ee. mean maharaj shahoo ki mrityu ke bad peshava pad ko vanshagat bana diya tha. balaji bajirav ne is pad ko maratha samrajy mean sarvochch sthan ka darja dilavaya tha.

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peshava pad ka mahattv

shahoo (1708-48 ee.) ke rajyakal mean balaji vishvanath ne is pad ka mahattv bahut adhik badha diya tha. vah 1713 ee. mean peshava niyukt hua aur 1720 ee. mean mrityu hone tak is pad par bana raha. usane senapati tatha rajanitijn, donoan hi roopoan mean jo saphalata prapt ki, usase doosare pradhanoan ki apeksha peshava ke pad ki maryada bahut hi badh gee. 1720 ee. mean usaki mrityu ke bad usaka putr bajirav pratham peshava niyukt hua. tab se yah pad balaji ka ek prakar se khanadani haq ban gaya. bajirav pratham bis sal (1720-40 ee.) tak peshava raha aur usane nizam par vijay prapt karake tatha uttari bharat mean vijay yatraean karake peshava ke pad ka mahattv aur bhi badha diya. usaki uttari bharat ki vijay yatraoan ke phalasvaroop malava, gujarat tatha madhy bharat mean maratha rajyashakti sthapit ho gee tatha maratha sangh ki shakti bahut badh gee. maratha sangh mean shinde, holkar, gayakava d tatha bhoansale sammilit the.

1740 ee. mean bajirav pratham ki mrityu hone par usaka putr balaji bajirav peshava bana. 1749 ee. mean maharaj shahoo ki ni:santan hi mrityu ho gee. isake phalasvaroop peshava ka pad vanshagat hone ke sath hi maratha rajy mean sarvochch man liya gaya. peshava maratha rajy ki rajadhani satara se hatakar poona le gaya aur rajy ka vastavik itihas peshavaoan ke itihas se samprikt ho gaya.

maratha rajy ki kshati

balaji bajirav ne 1740 se 1761 ee. tak shasan kiya aur vah itana shaktishali ho gaya, ki mugal badashah alamagir dvitiy (1754-59 ee.) aur shahalam dvitiy (1759-1806 ee.) ahamadashah abdali ke hamale se apani raksha karane ke lie us par ashrit rahe. balaji bajirav ke pita ne hindoo pad padashahi ki sthapana apana uddeshy banaya tha. parantu usane pita ki is niti ka tyag kar mugal samrajy ke sthan par maratha samrajy ki sthapana karana apana uddeshy bana liya aur hindoo tatha musalaman rajyoan ko saman roop se lootana arambh kar diya. isake phalasvaroop maharashtr ke bahar ke sabhi pradeshoan ke logoan ki sahanubhooti vah kho baitha. 1761 ee. mean abdali ki sena se usaki zabaradast har ka karan yah bhi ek tha. is l daee mean marathoan ko bhayankar kshati uthani p di aur usaka parinam unake lie atyant hi ghatak siddh hua. is l daee ke chh: mahine ke bad hi peshava balaji bajirav shokabhibhoot hokar mar gaya.

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maratha shakti ka patan

balaji bajirav ki mrityu ke bad peshavaoan ka aur unake sath-sath maratha rajyashakti ka patan arambh ho gaya. madhavarav pratham ne panipat ki har se marathoan ko ubharane ka bharapoor prayas kiya. usake inhian prayasoan se maratha shakti ek bar phir se badhane lagi thi. aisa pratit hota tha ki panipat mean jo kuchh bhi marathoan ne khoya tha, usase kahian adhik unhoanne prapt kar liya hai. lekin achanak hi madhavarav pratham ki 1772 ee. mean mrityu ho gee. agala peshava narayanarav (1772-73 ee.) mean apane chacha raghova ke sanket par mar dala gaya. usake bad 1773 ee. mean kuchh samay ke lie radhova peshava raha, parantu use vivash hokar peshavaee narayanarav ki mrityu ke bad janme usake putr madhavarav narayan ko sauanpani p di. madhavarav narayan (athava madhavarav dvitiy) 1774 ee. se 1795 ee. tak peshava raha. parantu radhova peshava kul kalank sabit hua. apani svarthapoorti ke lie usane peshava ko pahale aangrez-maratha yuddh mean phansa diya, jo 1775- se 1782 ee. tak chalata raha. is yuddh ke phalasvaroop maratha sangh par peshava ka niyantran aur shithil p d gaya.

nana ph danavis ki mrityu

nana ph danavis is samay peshava ka pradhan amaty tha. usaki nitikushalata tatha yogyata ke karan agale 18 saloan tak dakshin mean peshavaoan ki rajyashakti akhandit rahi, kintu uttar bharat mean maratha rajyashakti sthapit karane ke sare prayatn tyag diye gaye. 1800 ee. mean nana ph danavis ki mrityu ke sath peshava ko buddhimattapoorn salah dene vala koee nahian tha.

basee ki sandhi

1802 ee. mean peshava bajirav dvitiy ne, jo 1796 ee. mean dhokhebazi aur chalaki se peshava bana tha, apane maratha saradaroan, vishesh roop se malhararav holkar aur mahadaji shinde ke changul se apane ko bachane ke lie basee bhag gaya, aur vahaan par usane aangrezoan ke sath svechchha se basee ki sandhi kar li. usane aangrezoan ki ashrit sena rakhana svikar karake ek prakar se apani svatantrata bech di. bajirav dvitiy ne aangrezoan ke sath bhi apana vachan nahian nibhaya, jisase aangrez bhi usake dushman ho ge. usake sath qayaratapoorn acharan par maratha saradaroan mean bhari akrosh utpann ho gaya. phalasvaroop doosara maratha yuddh (1803-05 ee.) arambh hua, aur maratha rajy shakti aur mazabooti se aangrezoan ke fauladi panjoan mean kas gee.

bajirav dvitiy ki mrityu

aangrezoan ka jua apane par lad lene par bajirav dvitiy ko shighr hi pachhatava hone laga tha, ki usane ek bahut bhari galati ki hai. usake dvara us jue ko utar pheankane ki koshish karane par tisara maratha yuddh (1817-19 ee.) chhi d gaya. is yuddh mean kee l daeeyoan mean peshava ki nirnayatmak har huee aur use gaddi se utar diya gaya aur peshavaee samapt kar di gee, phir bhi bajirav dvitiy ko 8 lakh rupaye ki varshik peanshan par kanapur ke nikat bithoor jakar rahane ki ijazat de di gee. 1853 ee. mean bithoor mean hi usaki mrityu ho gee. aangrezoan ne usake god liye hue l dake nana sahab ko peanshan dene se inkar kar diya. isake phalasvaroop usane pratham svadhinata sangram mean pramukh bhag liya aur aant mean parajit ho gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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