प्रशस्तपाद भाष्य

parichay

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padarth dharm sangrah par bhashy ka sampradayagat lakshan ghatit n hone ke karan kuchh vidvanoan ki drishti mean yah bhashy nahian hai. yah vyakhyan vaisheshik sootroan ke kram se nahian hai, 40 sootroan ka to isamean ullekh hi nahian hai. aur vaisheshik sootroan mean acharchit kee naye siddhantoan ka bhi isamean samavesh hai. vaisheshik sootr par likhit apane bhashy ki bhoomika mean chandrakant bhattachary ne to yah spasht kaha ki padarth dharm sangrah mean bhashyatv nahian hai, at: vah apana alag bhashy likh rahe haian. kintu vyomavati, syadavadaratnakar adi granthoan mean padarth dharm sangrah ka ullekh bhashy ke roop mean hi kiya gaya hai.

prachin acharyoan ke mat mean bhashy shabd ka do arthoan mean prayog hota hai, tadyatha-

1. sootrarthoan varnyate yatr shabdai: sootranusaribhi:. svapadani ch varnyante bhashyan bhashyavido vidu:॥
   
2. nyayanibandhaprakash (parishuddhiprakash) mean vardhamanopadhyay ne bhashy ka lakshan is prakar bataya hai-

sootran buddhisthikrity tatpathaniyaman vinapi tadvyakhyanan bhashyamh.
yadava sootravyakhyanantaramanupajivy tadvyakhyanan bhashyamh,
vyakhyanantaramupajivy sootravyakhyanan vritti:.

is prakar adhikatar vidvanoan ka yah mat hai ki paribhashik drishti se bhashy ke pratham lakshan ke anusar bhashy n hone par bhi dvitiy lakshan ke anusar padarth dharm sangrah ka bhashyatv siddh hota hai. padarth dharm sangrah nam p dane ke karan isaka bhashyatv nirast nahian hota. namantar se nirdesh bhashyatv ka vyaghat nahian karata. vyakaran mahabhashy ke arambh mean usaka 'shabdanushasan' nam se ullekh hone par bhi jaise vah bhashy se bahirbhoot nahian hota, vaise hi padarth dharm sangrah kahane se bhi is granth ka bhashyatv nirast nahian hota.

vyomavati mean bhi prashastapad ki is kriti ke lie bhashy tatha padarth dharm sangrah shabdoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai.

nyayakandali

tatha kiranavali mean bhi aisa hi kaha gaya hai. kiranavalikar ne 'sangrah' ka lakshan karate hue yah bhi kaha hai- vistarenopadishtanamarthanaan sootrabhashyayo:.
nibandhoan yassamasen, sangrahan tan vidurbudha:॥

upaskarakarta shankaramishr ne padarthadharmasangrah ka nirdesh prakaran shabd se bhi kiya hai. prakaran ka lakshan is prakar hai— shastraikadeshasambaddhan shastradharmantare sthitamh.
ahu: prakaranan nam granthabhedan vipashchit:॥

kintu kiranavalikar ke anusar prakaran ek deshiy hote haian, at: udayanachary padarth sangrah ko prakaran nahian manate. nyayakandali, upaskar, sammatitarkaprakaran, prameyakamalamartand, nyayakumudachandr, tattvasangrahapanjika adi mean prashastapad ke granth ka ullekh padarthapraveshak, padarthapravesh adi namoan se bhi upalabdh hota hai. nayachakr, usaki vyakhya, pramanasamuchchayavyakhya, vishalamalavati tatha bauddhabharati granthamala mean mudrit tattvasangrah panjika ke vaisheshik mat-pariksha, vishesh pariksha tatha samavayapariksha sambandhi vishleshanoan mean jitane aansh bhashy se uddhrit bataye gaye haian utane aansh prashastapad bhashy mean upalabdh nahian haian. kuchh aansh haian, kuchh nahian haian. at: aisa pratit hota hai ki prashastapad ne do granth likhe the-

1. ek vistrit vyakhya aur
2. doosara padarth dharm sangrah.

isase yah bhi siddh hota hai ki prashastamati bhi inaka hi nam tha. aur yah bhi mana ja sakata hai ki prashastapad ne ek to vaisheshik sootroan ka bhashy likha aur doosara vaisheshik mat sangrahak granth likha, jo padarth-dharm-sangrah nam se prakhyat hua. ab jo granth upalabdh hai, vah prashastapad bhashy tatha padarth dharm sangrah donoan namoan se prasiddh hai. is bhashy mean niroopit pramukh vishayoan ka vivaran is prakar hai-

1. dravyoan ki ganana,
2. dravyoan ka sadharmy-vaidharmy,
3. prithvi adi ka svaroop,
4. srishtisanharavidhi,
5. gun,
6. gun-sadharmy-vaidharmy,
7. pakajotpatti,
8. sankhya,
9. viparyay,
10. anadhyavasay,
11. svapn adi ka niroopan.

pramanoan ka vishleshan buddhi ke antargat kiya gaya hai. in pratipady vishayoan ki soochi ke adhar par bhi yah kaha ja sakata hai ki yah granth sootroan ka kramik bhashy nahian apitu yah vaisheshik ke mantavyoan ka ek vyavasthit aur kramabaddh sankshipt vishleshan hai. bhashyakartta prashastapadachary prashast, prashastadev, prashastavaran, prashastamati namoan se bhi abhihit kiye jate haian.

bodhayanasootr ke pravaradhyay ke aangirasagan mean samahit sharadavatagan mean prashast ka samavesh kiya gaya hai. any logoan ka yah mat hai ki pravararatnagranth mean aangirasagan ke gautamavarn mean prashast ka nirdesh hai. udayanachary, shridhar, shankaramishr adi ka yah vichar hai ki kanad-prashastavad mean gautam-vatsyayan ke saman paramarshitvata kapil, panchashikh adi ke saman acharyatv hai. vasubandhu ne prashastapad-bhashy ka khandan kiya hai. nyayabhashy mean prashastapad dvara ullikhit siddhantoan ka varnan hai.

prashastapad ka samay

prashastapad ke samay ke vishay mean vidvanoan mean ekamaty nahian hai. ech. uee ke anusar inaka samay dharmapal tatha paramarth ke samay ke adhar par nishchit kiya ja sakata hai kyoanki donoan ne prashastapad bhashy ke adhar par vaisheshik ke mantavyoan ka ullekh karake unaka khandan kiya hai. bodas prabhriti vidvanoan ke anusar prashastapad vatsyayan se poorvavarti haian. vatsyayan ka samay randale tisari shati, vidyabhooshan, radhakrishnan aur kith chauthi shati, evan patar, phrauvalnar aur bodas paanchavian shati manate haian nyayabhashy mean kautily (327 ee.) ke arthashastr aur patanjali 150 ee. poo. ke mahabhashy ke uddharan tatha nagarjun (300 ee.) ke mat ka khandan hai tatha dinnag (500 ee.) ne vatsyayan ki alochana ki hai, at: vatsyayan ka samay lagabhag 400 ee. ke asapas hai. jabaki phaideshan adi ka yah vichar hai ki vatsyayan prashastapad ke poorvavarti haian. kintu kith ne prashastapad ko dinnag ka paravarti mana jabaki pro. sheravatski aur pro. dhruv ne prashastapad ko dinnag se poorvavarti siddh kiya hai. pramanasamuchchay ke tikakar jinendr buddhi ne praman samuchchay mean sanketit katipay kathanoan ko prashastamati dvara ukt bataya hai. is prakar yadi prashastapad tatha prashastamati ek hi vyakti haian to nishchit roop se yah kaha ja sakata hai ki prashastapad dinnag ke poorvavarti haian. katipay vidvanoan ka kathan hai ki prashastapad dinnag ke poorvavarti haian. katipay vidvanoan ka kathan hai ki yadyapi dinnag ne kahian spashtat: prashastapad ka ullekh nahian kiya, phir bhi unake dvara sanketit poorvapakshoan mean prashastapad ki chhaya si pratit hoti hai. dinnag ka samay lagabhag 480 ee. mana jata hai.

ab bhi prashastapad ke samay ke sambandh mean adhunik vidvanoan mean b da matabhed bana hua hai. unaka samay radhakrishnan chaturth shati, kith pancham shati, phaubalnar chhathi shati manate haian. hamare vichar mean prashastapad ka samay chaturth shati ka uttar bhag ya pancham shati ka poorv bhag manana adhik tarkasammat hai.

prashastapad ya prashastamati ki vakyanamni tika

prashastapad tatha prashastamati namoan ke saman vakyanamni tika aur prashastamati tika ke bare mean abhi tak bhi b da bhram vyapt hai. kaha jata hai ki kanad pranit vaisheshik sootr par vaky ya prashastamati namak sankshipt vyakhyan athava sankshipt bhashy granth likha gaya tha, jisaki rachana prashastamati ne ki thi ya jis par prashastamati ne tika likhi thi. tika ka nam vaky ya prashastamati tha. isaka adhar is prakar banaya jata hai ki shantarakshit ne tattvasangrah mean eeshvar ke vibhutv aur sarvajnan ke sandarbh mean vishesh padarth ka niroopan kiya hai tatha kamalashil ne 'tattvasangrah vyakhya panjika' mean prashastamati ke mat ka khandan kiya hai. nayachakr tatha nayachakravyakhya mean jo bhashy vachan uddhrit kie ge hai, ve prashastapad bhashy mean upalabdh nahian haian. jinendr buddhi dvara dinnag ke praman samuchchayoan par rachit 'vishalamalavati' namak vyakhya mean bhi jo bhashy vachan uddhrit kiye gaye haian, ve prashastapad bhashy mean nahian milate. isase yah siddh hota hai ki prashastapad rachit bhashy padarth dharm sangrah ke atirikt koee any bhashy bhi tha, jo ki prashastapad athava prashastamati namak kisi any achary ne likha tha. prashastamati ko kuchh vidvanh prashastapad se bhinn vyakti manate haian, kintu adhikatar vidvanoan ka yah mat hai ki ye donoan nam ek hi vyakti ke the.

jainachary mallavadi ke nayachakr se yah bhi jnat hota hai ki vaisheshik sootroan par rachit 'vaky' nam ki is sankshipt vyakhya mean sootr tatha vaky sath-sath liye gaye the.

prashastapad bhashy ka pratipady

prashastapad bhashy ka adhyay adi ke roop mean vibhajan nahian hai. prashastapad ne kahian-kahian kanad ke sootroan ka ullekh karate hue aur kahian-kahian sootroan ke sthan par unake bhav ka grahan karate hue apane dhang se hi vaisheshik bhashy ke kalevar ko pratishthapit kiya hai. vaisheshik darshan mean achary prashastapad ke mantavyoan, mahattv aur yogadan ka ullekh sankshep mean is prakar hai-

1. vaisheshik darshan ke mukhy mantavyoan ka vyavasthit prastutikaran.
2. vaisheshik ke chh: padarthoan ki spasht vyakhya.
3. kanad dvara ullikhit satrah gunoan ke sthan par chaubis gunoan ka ullekh.
4. buddhi ke antargat vaisheshikasammat pramanoan ka sannidhan aur niroopan.
5. apekshabuddhi se sankhya ki utpatti tatha sankhya ke vinash ka vishleshan.
6. pariman ke bhed tatha utpatti ka niroopan.
7. pakaj roop ka niroopan tatha pilupakavad ka vishleshan.
8. srishti evan pralay ka vishleshan.
9. paramanu se dvayanuk adi ki utpatti ka vishleshan.
10. dharm-adharm tatha bandh aur moksh ka vishleshan.
11. shabd ka vishad vishleshan.

prashastapad bhashy ki tikaean aur upatikaean

vaisheshik darshan sambandhi vanmay mean vaisheshik sootr se bhi adhik prasiddhi prashastapad bhashy ki huee. isaka praman yah hai ki is bhashy par ek vipul tika-sahity ki rachana huee aur ek prakar se isi ki tika-pratikaoan ke madhyam se vaisheshik ke mantavyoan ka kramik vikas v parishkar hua.

• shridhar dvara rachit nyayakandali ki panjika namak tika mean jainachary rajeshvar ne prashastapadiy padarth dharm sangrah ki char pramukh vyakhyaoan ka nirdesh is prakar kiya hai-

1. vyomavati – vyomashivachary rachit
2. nyayakandali—shridharachary rachit
3. kiranavali – udayanachary rachit
4. lilavati – shrivatsachary rachit

inamean se lilavati ke sthan par katipay vidvanh shrivallabhachary dvara rachit nyayalilavati ki pariganana karate haian. kintu nyayalilavati ek svatantr granth hai, tika nahian. at: sthanapannata uchit nahian hai. in char pramukh tikaoan ke atirikt nimnalikhit any avantar char tikaoan ki bhi ganana karake kuchh vidvanh pramukh tikaoan ki sankhya ath manate haian—

1. setu -- padmanabharachit
2. bhashyasookti:- jagadisharachit
3. bhashyanikash: - kolachal mallinatharachit
4. kanadarahasyamh – shankar mishrarachit

in tikaoan mean se sarvadhik prachin tika vyomavati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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