बाँध
baandh
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| vivaran | 'baandh' vah avarodh hai, jisase madhyam se jal ko bahane se roka jata hai. yah vinashakari badh ko rokata hai aur sath hi jhil ke nirman mean bhi sahayak hota hai. |
| prakar | gurutv baandh, chap baandh, tatabandh baandh |
| sanbandhit lekh | saradar sarovar baandh, gaandhisagar baandh, nagarjun sagar baandh, hirakuand baandh |
| any janakari | jalashayoan evan baandhoan ka bharat ki arthavyavastha par bahut prabhav raha hai, isase logoan ko rozagar milata hai, sianchaee ke lie pani tatha ghar ghar bijali pahuanchati hai. |
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baandh (aangrezi: Dam) ek avarodh hai, jo jal ko bahane se rokata hai aur ek jalashay banane mean madad karata hai. baandh se badh ane se to rukati hi hai, isake sath hi isamean jama kiya gaya jal sianchaee, jalavidyut, peyajal ki apoorti, nauvahan adi mean bhi sahayak hota hai. bharat mean tihari baandh, bhakh da baandh, saradar sarovar baandh tatha hirakund baandh adi kaphi b de haian aur krishi mean sianchaee tatha jalavidyut adi ke utpadan ke lie b de hi mahattvapoorn haian.
kya hai baandh
baandh nahar athava nadi par jal ke pravah ko rokane ka ek avarodh hai, tatha isako kee prayojanoan ke lie upayog kiya ja sakata hai. baandh laghu, madhyam tatha b de ho sakate haian. b de baandhoan ka nirman karana adhik jatil hota hai, jisase atyadhik kary, shakti, samay tatha dhan kharch hota hai. baandh ka nirman kankrit, chattanoan, lak di athava mitti se bhi kiya ja sakata hai. bhakh da baandh, saradar sarovar, tihari baandh ityadi b de baandhoan ke udaharan haian. ek baandh ki isake pichhe ke pani ke bhar ko vahan karane ki kshamata ati avashyak hoti hai. baandh par dhakele jane vali jal ki matra ko jal-dab kahate haian. jal-dab jal ki gaharaee ke sath badhata hai. isake parinamasvaroop kee baandhoan ka tal chau da hota hai, jisase yah satah ke kaphi niche bahubhaga mean bahane vale jal ka bhar vahan kar sakean.[1]
baandhoan ki avashyakata
baandhoan ka upayog sianchaee, pine ka pani, bijali banane tatha punah srijan ke lie jal ke bhandaran mean hota hai. baandhoan se badh ke niyantran mean bhi sahayata milati hai. baandh ke jalashay se pine ka pani prapt kar sakate haian athava baandh ke jalashay ke jal se sianchit kshetroan ke khady padarthoan ka sevan kar sakate haian athava jal vidyut sayantr se utpann bijali prapt kar sakate haian. nadi ka jal baandhoan ke pichhe uthata hai tatha kritrim jhiloan ka nirman karata hai, jo jalashay kahalate haian. sanchayan kie ge jal ko vidyut nirman athava gharoan tatha udyogoan mean jal ki apoorti sianchaee athava nauvahan mean upayog kiya ja sakata hai. jalashay, machhali pak dane tatha khelane ke lie bhi achchhe sthan haian.
prakar
baandh ke nirman tatha abhikalp mean upayog ki gee samagri ke adhar par baandh kee prakar ke hote haian. ek baandh dvara kitana pani uthaya jae tatha ise kitana b da evan shaktishali banaya jae, isaka pata lagane ke lie abhiyantaoan dvara m aaudaloan tatha kampyootaroan ka upayog kiya jata hai. tab ve nirnay le sakate haian ki kis prakar ke baandh ka abhikalp kiya jae. baandh ke prakar banae jane vale baandh ke sthan, samagri, tapaman, mausam avasthaoan mitti evan chattan kism tatha baandh ke akar par nirbhar karate haian.[1]
gurutv baandh kankrit se bane bahut b de evan vajanadar baandh hote haian. is tarah ke baandhoan ka nirman ek b di nianv par kiya jata hai tatha inake vajanadar hone se in par jal ke bahav ka asar nahian hota. gurutv baandhoan ko keval takatavar chattani nianv par hi banaya ja sakata hai. adhikaansh gurutv baandhoan ka nirman mahanga hota hai, kyoanki inake lie kaphi kankrit ki avashyakata hoti hai. bhakh da baandh, kankrit gurutv baandh hai.
chap baandh kenyan ki divaroan ki sahayata se banae jate haian. chap baandh ka nirman jal ki or mudi chap ki bhaanti kiya jata hai. chap baandh sankari, chattani sthanoan ke lie uttam hai. chap baandh ko keval sankari kenyan mean hi banaya ja sakata hai, jahaan chattani divarean kathor evan dhaluaan hoti hai. baandh dvara dhakele jane vala jal baandh ke lie sahayata karata hai. bharat mean keval iddooki baandh hi ek chap baandh hai.
tatabandh baandh prayah mitti ke baandh athava r aaukaphil baandh hote haian. yah mitti tatha chattan ke bane vishal akar ke baandh hote haian, jisamean jal ke tej bahav ko rok sakean. inamean chattanoan ki dararoan se hone vale jal ke risav ko rokane ke lie mitti athava kankrit ki parat ka istemal kiya ja sakata hai. chooanki mitti kankrit ki bhaanti shaktishali nahian hoti, mitti ke baandh akar mean kaphi mote hote hai. tihari baandh , r aaukaphil baandh ka ek udaharan hai.
b de baandhoan se labh
jal, dharati par sabhi ke jivan ke samhposhan ke lie anivary hai. yah samasht sansar mean saman roop mean vitarit nahian hota hai tatha isaki upalabhdhata varsh ke dauran ek jaise shthanoan par ek saman bhi nahian hoti. jabaki vishhv ke ek hishse mean pani ka abhav hai tatha vah sookhagrasht hai to vishhv ke doosare hishse mean adhik jal hai ki ve upalabhdh sansadhanoan ka anukoolatam prabanhdh karane ke chunautipoorn karyoan ka samana karate haian. ni:sanhdeh nadiyaan prakriti ka ek mahan varadan haian tatha vibhinhn sabhhyataoan ke vikas mean ek mahathvapoorn bhoomika nibhati rahi haian. phir bhi kee avasaroan par nadiyaan, badh ke samay logoan ke jivan evan samhpatti ke sath vinashakari khel khelati haian. at: nadiyoan ke jal ka kushal prabanhdh karana ek mahathvapoorn vicharadhin muda hai. nadi jal sansadhanoan ke kushal prabanhdhan ke lie yah avashhyak hai ki vibhinhn nadi besinoan, jo gahan sarvekshan karane ke uparanht takaniki roop se samhbhavan tatha arthik roop se vhyavahary paee gee haian, ke lie vishishht yojanaean banaee jani chahie. sabhhyata ka vikas hone ke bad se manav barasati avadhi ke dauran nadi ke upalabhdh atirikht jal ko ekatr karane tatha shushhk avadhi ke dauran usi jal ka upayog karane ke lie baandhoan tatha jalashayoan ka nirman karata raha hai. baandh aur jalashay, thvarit samajik-arthik vikas ke lie nadi jaloan ka sadupayog karana tatha sookha evan badh se prabhavit vishhv ki vrihat janasankhhya ke kashhtoan ko kam karane ke lie dohari bhoomika nibha rahe haian.[2] baandh aur jalashay nimhnalikhit manaviy moolabhool avashhyakataoan ki poorti karane mean ulhlekhaniy yogadan dete haian-
- pine tatha audyogik upayog hetu jal
- sianchaee
- badh niyantran
- jal-vidyut uthpadan
- naleand nevigeshan (anhtardeshiy naupiravahan)
- manoranjan
peyajal aur audyogik upayog hetu jal
haeedrolojikal saeekal mean adhik vibhinhnataoan ke karan barasati avadhi ke dauran nadi ke atirikht jal ko sanchayan karane tatha jab jal ka abhav hota hai to shushhk avadhi ke dauran, usi jal ka upayog karane ke lie baandh evan jalashay banae jane apekshit haian. uchit roop se abhikalpit tatha sunirmit kie ge baandh logoan ki peyajal ki avashhyakataoan ki poorti karane mean mahathvapoorn nibhate haian. audyogik avashhyakataoan ki poorti hetu bhi jalashayoan mean sanchit jal ka atyidhik prayog kiya jata hai. jalashayoan se jal ka niyamit bahav shushhk avadhi ke dauran jal se kam anhtarvah ke karan nadi mean ghulanashil hanikarak padarthoan ko kam karane mean madad karata hai tatha surakshit simaoan ke bhitar jal ki gunavatta ko banae rakhata hai.
sichaanee
baandh aur jalashayoan ka nirman barasati avadhi ke dauran atirikht jal jisaka upayog shushhk bhoomi par sianchaee hetu kiya ja sakata hai, ko sanchit karane ke lie kiya jata hai. baandh aur jalashayoan ka mukhhy labh yah hai ki varsh ke dauran vibhinhn kshetroan ki krishi avashhyakataoan ke anusar jal bahav ko niyamit kiya ja sakata hai. baandh aur jalashay manav-jati ko ati vishal paimane par sianchaee avashhyakataoan ki poorti hetu avishmaraniy sevaean upalabhdh karate haian. yah anuman hai ki varsh 2025 tak baandh evan jalashayoan dvara upalabhdh karaee gee sianchaee se 80% atirikht khadyanhn uthpadan upalabhdh hoga. baandh aur jalashay vikasashil deshoan, jinake b de hishse shushhk (sookhe) kshetr haian, ki sianchaee avashhyakataoan ko poora karane hetu ati avashhyak haian. sianchaee praudyogiki mean anhy sudharoan dvara jal ka sanrakshan karane ke lie vikasit upayoan ke atirikht jalashayoan par adharit adhik pariyojanaoan ka nirman karane ki avashhyakata hai.[2]
badh niyanhtran
nadiyoan mean ane vali badhean logoan ke jivan evan samhpatti ke sath bahut bar vinashakari khel khelati rahi haian. baandh ke daoonashtrim nadi ke jal pravah ko niyamit karake badh niyanhtran ke lie baandh aur jalashayoan ka prabhavi prayog kiya ja sakata hai. baandh, logoan ke jivan evan samhpatti ko bina nukasan panhuchae, besin ke madhhyam se badh rootiang ke lie vishishht yojana ke anuroop parikalpit, nirmit tatha parichalit hote haian. badh ke samay baandhoan aur jalashayoan dvara sanrakshit jal ka sianchaee evan peyajal avashhyakataoan ko poora karane tatha jal vidyut uthpadan karane hetu upayog kiya ja sakata hai.
jal vidyut uthpadan
oorja desh ke samajik-arthik vikas ke lie mahathvapoorn bhoomika nibhati hai. jal vidyut oorja ka sashta, shvachhchh aur navinikaraniy shtrot hai. jal vidyut navikaraniy oorja ka ati vikasit tatha kiphayati sansadhan hai. jalashayoan par adharit jal vidyut pariyojanaean grid ko ati avashhyak pikiang pavar upalabhdh karavati haian. jal vidyut shteshan mean tharmal vidyut shteshan ki apekshakrit takaniki rukavatean kam ati haian. kshetriy athava rashhtriy adhar par vidyut avashhyakataoan ki poorti hetu b di jal vidyut pariyojanaoan dvara jaliy kshamataoan ka upayog kiya ja sakata hai aur kshetroan ki shthaniy vidyut avashhyakataoan ko poora karane hetu laghu/maeekro jal pariyojanaoan ke dvara laghu jal kshamataoan ka upayog kiya ja sakata hai. jal vidyut uthpadan ke atirikht bahuudedashiy jal vidyut pariyojanaoan se sianchaee evan peyajal avashhyakataean poori karane tatha badh niyanhtran adi ke labh bhi haian.[2]
anhtardeshiy viman-sanchalan
bhyavak besin yojana evan vikas, upayogi baandhoan, l aaukas tatha jalashayoan ke parinamashvaroop anhtardeshiy viman sanchalan mean vridvi huee, jo rashhtriy mahathv ke vrihat arthik labhoan ko sakar karane mean mahathvapoorn bhoomika nibhate haian.
manoranjan
ek baandh ka nirman karake banaya gaya jalashay ek jhil ka sunhdar drishhy prashtut karata hai. jin kshetroan mean prakritik satahi jal kam ya kalpit matr hota hai, un kshetroan mean jalashay manoranjan ke shtrot hote haian. anhy uddeshhyoan ke sath jhil se naukayan, tairaki, mathshy palan ithyadi manoranjan labh haian. ek adarsh bahuuddeshiy pariyojana ke sabhi labhoan ko prapht karane ke lie yojana banane ke shtar par hi poora vichar kiya jata hai. baandh manavata ke lie yomen sahayata upalabhdh karavate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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