बाजीराव प्रथम
bajirav pratham
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| poora nam | bajirav pratham |
| any nam | 'bajirav ballal' tatha 'thorale bajirav' |
| janm | 18 agast, 1700 ee. |
| mrityu tithi | 28 aprॅl, 1740 ee. |
| pita/mata | balaji vishvanath, radhabaee |
| pati/patni | kashibaee, mastani |
| santan | balaji bajirav, raghunatharav |
| prasiddhi | maratha samrajy ka dvitiy peshava |
| poorvadhikari | balaji vishvanath |
| shasan kal | 1720-1740 ee. |
| sanbandhit lekh | maratha samrajy, peshava, balaji vishvanath, balaji bajirav, shivaji, mastani |
| any janakari | bajirav pratham ne apani dooradrishti se dekh liya tha ki mugal samrajy chhinn-bhinn hone ja raha hai. isilie usane maharashtr kshetr se bahar ke hindoo rajaoan ki sahayata se mugal samrajy ke sthan par 'hindoo pad padashahi' sthapit karane ki yojana banaee thi. |
bajirav pratham (aangrezi: Bajirao I, janm- 18 agast, 1700 ee.; mrityu- 28 aprॅl, 1740 ee.) maratha samrajy ka mahanh senanayak tha. vah balaji vishvanath aur radhabaee ka b da putr tha. raja shahoo ne balaji vishvanath ki mrityu ho jane ke bad use apana doosara peshava (1720-1740 ee.) niyukt kiya tha. bajirav pratham ko 'bajirav ballal' tatha 'thorale bajirav' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. bajirav pratham vistaravadi pravritti ka vyakti tha. usane hindoo jati ki kirti ko vistrit karane ke lie 'hindoo pad padashahi' ke adarsh ko phailane ka prayatn kiya.
yogy senapati aur rajanayak
bajirav pratham ek mahanh rajanayak aur yogy senapati tha. usane mugal samrajy ki kamazor ho rahi sthiti ka fayada uthane ke lie raja shahoo ko utsahit karate hue kaha tha ki-
- "ao ham is purane vriksh ke khokhale tane par prahar karean, shakhayean to svayan hi gir jayeangi. hamare prayatnoan se maratha pataka krishnaa nadi se atak tak phaharane lagegi."
isake uttar mean shahoo ne kaha ki-
raja shahoo ne raj-kaj se apane ko qarib-qarib alag kar liya tha aur maratha samrajy ke prashasan ka poora kam peshava bajirav pratham dekhata tha. bajirav pratham ko sabhi nau peshavaoan mean sarvashreshth mana jata hai.
dooradrishta
bajirav pratham ne apani dooradrishti se dekh liya tha ki mugal samrajy chhinn-bhinn hone ja raha hai. isilie usane maharashtr kshetr se bahar ke hindoo rajaoan ki sahayata se mugal samrajy ke sthan par 'hindoo pad padashahi' sthapit karane ki yojana banaee thi. isi uddeshy se usane maratha senaoan ko uttar bharat bheja, jisase patanonmukh mugal samrajy ki j d par antim prahar kiya ja sake. usane 1723 ee. mean malava par akraman kiya aur 1724 ee. mean sthaniy hinduoan ki sahayata se gujarat jit liya.
sahasi evan kalpanashil
bajirav pratham ek yogy sainik hi nahian, balki viveki rajanitijn bhi tha. usane anubhav kiya ki mugal samrajy ka ant nikat hai tatha hindoo nayakoan ki sahanubhooti prapt kar is paristhiti ka marathoan ki shakti badhane mean achchhi tarah se upayog kiya ja sakata hai. sahasi evan kalpanashil hone ke karan usane nishchit roop se maratha samrajyavad ki niti banaee, jise pratham peshava ne arambh kiya tha. usane shahi shakti ke kendr par aghat karane ke uddeshy se narmada ke par phailav ki niti ka shriganesh kiya. at: usane apane svami shahoo se prastav kiya- "hamean murjhate hue vriksh ke dh d par chot karani chahie. shakhaean apane ap hi gir jayeangi. is prakar marathoan ka jhanda krishnaa se sindhu tak phaharana chahie." bajirav ke bahut se sathiyoan ne usaki is niti ka samarthan nahian kiya. unhoanne use samajhaya ki uttar mean vijay arambh karane ke pahale dakshin mean maratha shakti ko dridh karana uchit hai. parantu usane vakh shakti evan utsah se apane svami ko uttari vistar ki apani yogyata ki svikriti ke lie razi kar liya.
'hindoo pad padashahi' ka prachar
hindoo nayakoan ki sahanubhooti jagane tatha unaka samarthan prapt karane ke lie bajirav ne 'hindoo pad padashahi' ke adarsh ka prachar kiya. jab usane disambar, 1723 ee. mean malava par akraman kiya, tab sthaniy hindoo zamiandaroan ne usaki b di sahayata ki, yadyapi isake lie unhean apar dhan-jan ka balidan karana p da. gujarat mean grih-yuddh se labh uthakar marathoan ne us samriddh prant mean apana adhikar sthapit kar liya. parantu isake mamaloan mean bajirav pratham ke hastakshep ka ek pratidvandvi maratha dal ne, jisaka neta pushtaini senapati tryambakarav dabha de tha, ghor virodh kiya.
saphalataean
bajirav pratham ne sarvapratham dakkan ke nizam nizamulamulk se loha liya, jo marathoan ke bich matabhed ke dvara phoot paida kar raha tha. 7 march, 1728 ko palakhe da ke sangharsh mean nijam ko buri tarah har ka samana karana p da aur ‘mugi shivagaanv’ sandhi ke lie badhy hona p da, jisaki sharte kuchh is prakar thian-
- shahoo ko chauth tatha saradeshamukhi dena.
- shambhoo ki kisi tarah se sahayata n karana.
- jite gaye pradeshoan ko vapas karana.
- yuddh ke samay bandi banaye gaye logoan ko chho d dena adi.
shivaji ke vansh ke kolhapur shakha ke raja shambhuji dvitiy tatha nizamulamulk, jo bajirav pratham ki saphalataoan se jalate the, tryambakarav dabha de se ja mile. parantu bajirav pratham ne apani uchchatar pratibha ke bal par apane shatruoan ki yojanaoan ko viphal kar diya. 1 aprail, 1731 ee. ko dhavoee ke nikat bilhapur ke maidan mean, jo b dauda tatha dhavoee ke bich mean hai, ek l daee huee. is l daee mean tryambakarav dabha de parast hokar mara gaya. bajirav pratham ki yah vijay 'peshavaoan ke itihas mean ek yugantakari ghatana hai.' 1731 mean nizam ke sath ki gayi ek sandhi ke dvara peshava ko uttar bharat mean apani shakti ka prasar karane ki chhoot mil gayi. bajirav pratham ka ab maharashtr mean koee bhi pratidvandvi nahian rah gaya tha aur raja shahoo ka usake oopar keval nam matr niyantran tha.
dakkan ke bad gujarat tatha malava jitane ke prayas mean bajirav pratham ko saphalata mili tatha in prantoan mean bhi marathoan ko chauth evan saradeshamukhi vasoolane ka adhikar prapt hua. ‘bundelakhand’ ki vijay bajirav ki sarvadhik mahanh vijay mean se mani jati hai. muhammad khaan vangash, jo bundela naresh chhatrasal ko poornat: samapt karana chahata tha, ke prayatnoan par bajirav pratham ne chhatrasal ke sahayog se 1728 ee. mean pani pher diya aur sath hi mugaloan dvara chhine gaye pradeshoan ko chhatrasal ko vapas karavaya. kritajn chhatrasal ne peshava ki shan mean ek darabar ka ayojan kiya tatha kalpi, sagar, jhaansi aur hadyanagar peshava ko niji jagir ke roop mean bheant kiya.
nizamulamulk par vijay
bajirav pratham ne saubhagyavash amer ke savaee jayasianh dvitiy tatha chhatrasal bundela ki mitrata prapt kar li. 1737 ee. mean vah sena lekar dilli ke parshv tak gaya, parantu badashah ki bhavanaoan par chot pahuanchane se bachane ke lie usane andar pravesh nahian kiya. is maratha sankat se mukt hone ke lie badashah ne bajirav pratham ke ghor shatru nizamulamulk ko sahayata ke lie dilli bula bheja. nizamulamulk ko 1731 ee. ke samajhaute ki apeksha karane mean koee hichakichahat mahasoos nahian huee. usane badashah ke bulave ka shighr hi uttar diya, kyoanki ise usane bajirav ki badhati huee shakti ke rokane ka anukool avasar samajha. bhopal ke nikat donoan pratidvandviyoan ki muthabhe d huee. nizamulamulk parajit hua tatha use vivash hokar sandhi karani p di. is sandhi ke anusar usane nimn batoan ki pratijna ki-
- bajirav ko sampoorn malava dena tatha narmada evan chambal nadi ke bich ke pradesh par poorn prabhuta pradan karana.
- badashah se is samarpan ke lie svikriti prapt karana.
- peshava ka kharch chalane ke lie pachas lakh rupayoan ki adayagi prapt karane ke lie pratyek prayatn ko kam mean lana.
akal mrityu
in prabandhoan ke badashah dvara svikrit hone ka parinam yah hua ki marathoan ki prabhuta, jo pahale theth hindustan ke ek bhag mean vastut: sthapit ho chuki thi, ab qanoonan bhi ho gee. pashchimi samudr tat par marathoan ne purtagaliyoan se 1739 ee. mean sashti tatha basee chhin li. parantu shighr hi bajirav pratham, nadirashah ke akraman se kuchh chintit ho gaya. apane musalaman p dosiyoan ke prati apane sabhi matabhedoan ko bhoolakar peshava ne parasi akramanakari ko sanyukt morcha dene ka prayatn kiya. parantu isake pahale ki kuchh kiya ja sakata, 28 aprail, 1740 ee. mean narmada nadi ke kinare usaki mrityu ho gee. is prakar ek mahanh maratha rajanitijn chal basa, jisane apane vyaktigat charitr mean kuchh dhabboan ke bavazood maratha rajy ki seva karane ki bharasak cheshta ki.
maratha mandal ki sthapana
bajirav pratham ko anek maratha saradaroan ke virodh ka samana karana p da tha. vishesharoop se un saradaroan ka jo kshatriy the aur brahman peshava ki shakti badhane se eershya karate the. bajirav pratham ne pushtaini maratha saradaroan ki shakti kam karane ke lie apane samarthakoan mean se naye saradar niyukt kiye the aur unhean marathoan dvara vijit naye kshetroan ka shasak niyukt kiya tha. is prakar maratha mandal ki sthapana huee, jisamean gvaliyar ke shinde, b dauda ke gayakava d, indaur ke holkar aur nagapur ke bhoansala shasak shamil the. in sabake adhikar mean kafi vistrit kshetr tha. in logoan ne bajirav pratham ka samarthan kar maratha shakti ke prasar mean bahut sahayog diya tha. lekin inake dvara jis samantavadi vyavastha ka bijaropan hua, usake phalasvaroop ant mean marathoan ki shakti chhinn-bhinn ho gayi. yadi bajirav pratham kuchh samay aur jivit rahata, to sambhav tha ki vah ise rokane ke lie kuchh upay karata. usako bahut achchhi tarah maratha samrajy ka dvitiy sansthapak mana ja sakata hai.
maratha shakti ka vibhajan
bajirav pratham ne bahut aanshoan mean marathoan ki shakti aur pratishtha ko badha diya tha, parantu jis rajy par usane apane svami ke nam se shasan kiya, usamean thosapan ka bahut abhav tha. isake andar rajaram ke samay mean jagir pratha ke pun: chaloo ho jane se kuchh ardh-svatantr maratha rajy paida ho ge. isaka svabhavik parinam hua, maratha kendriy sarakar ka durbal hona tatha ant mean isaka toot p dana. aise rajyoan mean barar bahut purana aur atyant mahattvapoorn tha. yah us samay raghuji bhoansale ke adhin tha, jisaka raja shahoo ke sath vaivahik sambandh tha. usaka parivar peshava ke parivar se purana tha, kyoanki yah rajaram ke shasanakal mean hi prasiddh ho chuka tha. dabha de parivar ne moolaroop se gujarat par adhikar kar rakha tha, parantu pushtaini senapati ke patan ke bad usake pahale ke purane adhin rahane vale gayakava doan ne b dauda mean apana adhikar sthapit kar liya. gvaliyar ke siandhiya vansh ke sansthapak ranoji siandhiya ne bajirab pratham ke adhin gaurav ke sath seva ki tatha malava ke maratha rajy mean milaye jane ke bad is prant ka ek bhag usake hisse mean p da. indaur parivar ke malhararav v holkar ne bhi bajirav pratham ke adhin vishisht roop se seva ki thi tatha malava ka ek bhag prapt kiya tha. malava mean ek chhoti jagir pavaroan ko mili, jinhoanne dhar mean apani rajadhani banaee.
vilakshan vyaktitv
bajirav pratham ne maratha shakti ke pradarshan hetu 29 march, 1737 ko dilli par dhava bol diya tha. matr tin din ke dilli pravas ke dauran usake bhay se mugal samrat muhammadashah dilli ko chho dane ke lie taiyar ho gaya tha. is prakar uttar bharat mean maratha shakti ki sarvochchata siddh karane ke prayas mean bajirav pratham saphal raha tha. usane purtagaliyoan se basee aur salasit pradeshoan ko chhinane mean saphalata prapt ki thi. shivaji ke bad bajirav pratham hi doosara aisa maratha senapati tha, jisane gurilla yuddh pranali ko apanaya. vah 'l dakoo peshava' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. bajirav-pratham 'mastani' nam ki muslim stri se prem sambandhoan ke karan bhi charchit raha tha.
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