बालाजी बाजीराव

balaji bajirav
balaji bajirav|200px|center
poora nam	balaji bajirav
janm	8 disambar, 1721 ee.
mrityu tithi	23 joon, 1761 ee.
pita/mata	bajirav pratham
prasiddhi	maratha peshava
yuddh	'udagiri ka yuddh', 'panipat ka yuddh'
poorvadhikari	bajirav pratham
vansh	maratha
shasan kal	1740 se 1761 ee.
sanbandhit lekh	maratha, maratha samrajy, shahaji bhoansale, shivaji, shambhaji, shahoo, peshava, balaji vishvanath, bajirav pratham, bajirav dvitiy, nana ph danavis, dadaji koandadev, shivaji ki shasan vyavastha
any janakari	balaji bajirav ne 1740 ee. mean peshava ka pad prapt kiya tha. pad prapti ke samay vah 18 varsh ka nav-yuvak tha. isi ke samay mean ahamadashah abdali ka akraman hua tha.

balaji bajirav (aangrezi: Balaji Bajirao, janm- 8 disambar, 1721 ee.; mrityu- 23 joon, 1761 ee.) bajirav pratham ka jyeshth putr tha. vah pita ki mrityu ke bad peshava bana tha. balaji vishvanath ke samay mean hi peshava ka pad paitrik ban gaya tha. 1750 ee. huee 'sangoli sandhi' ke bad peshava ke hath mean sare adhikar surakshit ho gaye. ab 'chhatrapati' (raja ka pad) dikhave bhar ka rah gaya tha. balaji bajirav ne maratha shakti ka uttar tatha dakshin bharat, donoan or vistar kiya. is prakar usake samay katak se atak tak maratha dudumbhi bajane lagi. balaji ne malava tatha bundelakhand mean marathoan ke adhikar ko qayam rakhate hue tanjaur pradesh ko bhi jita. balaji bajirav ne haidarabad ke nizam ko ek yuddh mean parajit kar 1752 ee. mean 'bhalaki ki sandhi' ki, jisake tahat nizam ne barar ka adha bhag marathoan ko de diya. bangal par kiye gaye akraman ke parinamasvaroop alivardi khaan ko badhy hokar u disa tyagana p da aur bangal tatha bihar se chauth ke roop mean 12 lakh rupaya varshik dena svikar karana p da. 1760 ee. mean udagiri ke yuddh mean nizam ne karari har khaee. marathoan ne 60 lakh rupaye varshik kar ka pradesh, jisamean ahamadanagar, daulatabad, burahanapur tatha bijapur nagar sammilit the, prapt kar liya.

vyaktitv

balaji bajirav ne 1740 ee. mean peshava ka pad prapt kiya tha. pad prapti ke samay vah 18 varsh ka nav-yuvak tha. vah vishram tatha vilas ka premi tha. usamean apane pita bajirav pratham ke saman uchchatar gun nahian the, parantu vah yogyata mean kisi bhi prakar se shoony nahian tha. vah apane pita ki tarah yuddh sanchalan, vishal sena ke sangathan tatha samagri-sangrah aur yuddh ki sabhi samagri ki taiyari mean utsahapoorvak laga rahata tha. usane apane pita ke kuchh yogy evan anubhavi afasaroan ki sevaean prapt ki thian.

sahoo ka dastavez

raja sahoo ne 1749 ee. mean apani mrityu se poorv ek dastavez rakh chho da tha, jisamean peshava ko kuchh bandhanoan ke sath rajy ka sarvochch adhikar sauanp diya gaya tha. usamean yah kaha gaya tha ki peshava raja ke nam ko sada banaye rakhe tatha tarabaee ke pautr evan usake vanshajoan ke dvara shivaji ke vansh ki pratishtha qayam rakhe. usamean yah adesh bhi tha ki kolhapur rajy ko svatantr samajhana chahie tatha jagiradaroan ke maujooda adhikaroan ko manana chahie. peshava ko jagiradaroan ke sath aise prabandh karane ka adhikar rahega, jo hindoo shakti ke badhane tatha devamandiroan, kisanoan aur pratyek pavitr athava labhadayak vastu ki raksha karane mean labhakari hoan.

tarabaee ki apatti

sahoo dvara jari kiye ge dastavez par tarabaee ne gahari apatti prakat ki. usane damaji gayakava d se milakar peshava balaji bajirav ke viruddh vidroh kar diya tatha yuvak raja ko bandi bana liya. parantu balaji bajirav ne apane samast vipakshiyoan ko parast kar diya. raja, peshava balaji bajirav ke hathoan mean vastut: qaidi hokar hi raha aur peshava ab se maratha sangh ka vastavik pradhan ban baitha.

sena mean parivartan

balaji bajirav ne maratha samrajyavad ko badhava dene ka sankalp kar liya tha, parantu do prakar se apane pita ki niti ka parityag kar usane bhool ki. prathamat: usake samay mean sena mean krantikari parivartan hua. shivaji ke samay mean halki paidal sena shakti ka pradhan sadhan thi. yadyapi bajirav pratham ne b di sankhya mean ghu dasavaroan ko niyukt kiya tha, parantu usane yuddh karane ke purane kaushal ka parityag nahian kiya. balaji bajirav ne sena mean sabhi prakar ke bha de ke gair-maratha sainikoan ko, pashchimi yuddh shaili ke apanane ke uddeshy se, niyukt kar liya. is prakar sena ka rashtriy roop nasht ho gaya aur kee videshi tatvoan ko uchit anushasak evan niyantran mean rakhana asan n raha. purani yuddh sheli bhi ashiank roop mean chho d di gee. doosare, balaji bajirav ne janaboojh kar apane pita ke 'hindoo pad padashahi' ke adarsh ko, jisaka uddeshy tha, sabhi hindoo saradaroan ko ek jhande ke niche sanyukt karana, tyag diya. usake anugamiyoan ne lootamar vali l daee ki purani yojana ko apanaya. ve muslim evan hindoo donoan ke viruddh bina bhedabhav ke lootamar machane lage. isase rajapootoan tatha any hindoo saradaroan ki sahanubhooti jati rahi. is prakar maratha samrajyavad ek bharatavyapi rashtriyata ke lie nahian rah gaya. ab isake lie bhitari athava bahari muslim shaktiyoan ke viruddh hindoo shaktiyoan ka ek jhande ke niche sangathan karana sambhav nahian raha.

abdali ka akraman

[[chitr:Ahmad-Shah-Abdali.jpg|left|thumb|150px|ahamadashah abdali]] balaji bajirav ke samay mean hi ahamadashah abdali ka akraman hua, jisamean marathe buri tarah parast hue. isase pahale balaji ke samay mugal samrajy ke sthan par hindoo rajy ki sthapana ke lie sthiti anukool thi. bharat par bahari akraman ho rahe the aur 1739 ee. mean nadirashah dvara dilli nirdayatapoorvak uja di ja chuki thi. mugal samrajy ki sakh itani zyada isase pahale kabhi nahian giri thi. uparant ahamadashah abdali ke bar-bar ke hamaloan se vah aur bhi kamazor ho gaya. ahamadashah abdali ne panjab par adhikar kar liya. dilli ko loota aur apane pratinidhi ke roop mean najibuddaula ko rakh diya, jo mugal badashah ke oopar vyavaharik roop mean huqoomat karane laga. is prakar yah prakat tha ki bharat ke hinduoan mean yadi ekata sthapit ho sake, to ve mugal samrajy ko samapt karane mean samarth ho sakate haian. is par bhi peshava balaji bajirav is avasar se labh nahian utha saka.

naye sipahiyoan ki bharti

anekoan upalabdhiyoan ke bavajood balaji bajirav ke samay 'hindoo pad padashahi' ko dhakka laga, visheshakar jab holkar aur siandhiya ne rajapoot pradeshoan ko loota aur raghunatharav ne khamber ke jat durg ko gher liya. isalie panipat ke yuddh mean jahaan sabhi muslim saradar ek ho ge, marathe, jat aur rajapootoan ko apane sath milane mean asaphal rahe. tulaji agriya ki nausena ko samapt karane mean aangrejoan ki madad karana bhi inaki b di bhool thi. peshava ne maratha sainy shakti ko badhane ke lie hajaroan ki sankhya mean rajapoot, buandela tatha afagan sipahiyoan ki bharti ki.

aanshik saphalataean

balaji bajirav ne halke hathiyaroan se susajjit phurtili paidal sena ka prayog karane ki purani maratha rananiti mean bhi parivartan kar diya. vah pahale ki apeksha adhik vazanadar hathiyaroan se lais ghu dasavaroan aur bhari topakhane ko adhik mahattv dene laga. peshava svayan apane saradaroan ko p dos ke rajapoot rajaoan ke ilaqoan mean loot-khasot karane ke lie utsahit karata tha. is prakar vah apane purane mitroan ki sahayata se vanchit ho gaya, jo usake pita bajirav pratham ke lie b de upayogi siddh hue the. isake sath hi do morchoan par dakshin mean 'nizam' ke viruddh aur uttar mean ahamadashah abdali ke viruddh l dane ki galati usane ki. arambh mean to use kuchh saphalata mili, usane nizam ko 1750 ee. mean udagir ki l daee mean hara diya aur bijapur ka poora pradesh aur aurangabad aur bidar ke b de bhagoan ko nizam se chhin liya. maratha shakti ka sudoor dakshin mean bhi prasar hua. unhoanne maisoor ke hindoo raja ko hara kar bedanoor par akraman kar diya. kintu unake badhav ko maisoor rajy ke senapati haidar ali ne rok diya, jisane bad mean vahaan ke hindoo raja ko apadasth kar diya.

uttar mean balaji bajirav ko pahale to achchhi saphalata mili, usaki sena ne rajapootoan ki riyasatoan ki manamane dhang se lootapat ki, doab ko rauandakar us par adhikar kar liya, mugal badashah se gathabandhan karake dilli par dabadaba jama liya, abdali ke nayab najibuddaula ko khade d diya aur panjab se abdali ke putr taimoor ko nishkasit kar diya. is prakar marathoan ka dabadaba atak tak phail gaya. kintu marathoan ki yah saphalata alpakalik siddh huee. 1759 ee. mean pun: bharat par ahamadashah abdali ka akraman hua aur usane marathoan ko janavari 1760 ee. mean barar ghat ki l daee mean haraya aur panjab ko pun: prapt kar dilli ki taraf badha.

virodhi

is bich marathoan ki lootamar se n keval ruhele aur avadh ke navab varanh rajapoot, jat aur sikkh bhi virodhi ban gaye the. ruhele aur avadh ke navab to abdali se ja mile, rajapoot, jat aur sikkhoan ne tatasth rahana pasand kiya. phalat: abdali ki fauj ka dilli ki taraf badhav shahalam dvitiy ke lie utana hi b da khatara tha, jitana ki marathoan ke lie. at: donoan ne apas mean sandhi kar li.

marathoan ki parajay

peshava balaji bajirav ne sadashivarav bhaoo ke senapatitv mean ek b di sena abdali ko rokane ke lie bheji. peshavaoan ne abhi tak uttar bharat mean jitani bhi senaean bheji thian, unase yah sabase vishal thi. marathoan ne dilli par qabza to kar liya, par vah unake lie marubhoomi sabit huee, kyoanki vahaan itani b di sena ke lie rasad upalabdh nahian thi. at: ve panipat ki taraf badh ge. 14 janavari, 1761 ee. ko ahamadashah abdali ke sath panipat ka tisara bhagy nirnayak yuddh hua. marathoan ki buri tarah se har huee. peshava ka yuva putr vishvasarav, jo ki namamatr ka senapati tha, bhaoo, jo vastav mean sena ki qaman sambhal raha tha tatha anek maratha senani maidan mean khet rahe. unaki ghu dasavar aur paidal sena ke hazaroan javan mare gaye.

mrityu

vastav mean panipat ka tisara yuddh samooche rashtr ke lie bhayankar vajrapat siddh hua. peshava balaji bajirav ki, jo bhog-vilas ke karan pahale hi asadhy rog se grast ho gaya tha, 23 joon, 1761 ee. mean mrityu ho gee.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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