बृहस्पतिस्मृति
brihaspatismriti ek smriti granth hai, jisake rachanakar brihaspati haian. brihaspati prachin arthashastrajn mane jate haian. aparark v katyayan ke granthoan mean brihaspati ke uddharan milate haian. mahabharat ke vanaparv mean ‘brihaspatiniti’ ka ullekh hai. ‘yajnavalkyasmriti’ mean inhean dharmavakta kaha gaya hai. ‘brihaspatismriti’ abhi tak sampoorn roop mean prapt nahian huee hai.
prachin ullekh
brihaspatismriti ka pramukh 18 smritiyoan mean antarbhav hota hai. ‘mitakshara’ v any bhashyoan mean inake lagabhag 700 shlok prapt hote haian, jo vyavahar vishayak haian. kautily ne inako prachin arthashastri ke roop mean varnit kiya hai. ‘mahabharat’ ke shantiparv[1] mean brihaspati ko brahma dvara rachit dharm, arth v kam vishayak granthoan ko tin sahasr adhyayoan mean sankshipt karane vala kaha gaya hai. mahabharat ke vanaparv mean ‘brihaspatiniti’ ka ullekh hai.
‘brihaspatismriti’ ko abhi tak sampoorn roop mean prapt nahian kiya ja saka hai. d aau. joli ne isake 711 shlokoan ka prakashan kiya hai. isamean vyavahar, vishayak siddhant ka varnan hai. upalabdh ‘brihaspatismriti’ par ‘manusmriti’ ka prabhav dikhaee p data hai. anek sthaloan par to brihaspati manu ke sankshipt vivaranoan ke vyakhyata siddh hote haian. aparark v katyayan ke granthoan mean brihaspati ke uddharan milate haian. bharataratn paandurang vaman kane ke anusar brihaspati ka samay 200 ee. se 400 ee. ke bich mana ja sakata hai. smritichandrika, mitakshara, parasharamadhaviy, nirnayasindhu v sanskarakaustubh mean brihaspati ke anek uddharan prapt hote haian. brihaspati ke bare mean vidvanh abhi tak kisi nishchit nishkarsh par nahian pahuanch sake haian. aparark v hemadri ne vriddh brihaspati evan jyoti brihaspati ka bhi ullekh kiya hai.
nyay vishayak vivechan
brihaspati pratham dharmashastrajn haian. jinhoanne dhan tatha hiansa ke bhed ko prakat kiya hai. isamean bhoomidan, gayashraddh, vrashotsarg, vapikoopadi ka jirnodvar adi vishay haian. isamean nyayalayin vyavahar vishayak jo vivechan hua hai, vah is smriti ki visheshata hai. kuchh pramukh batoan ka vivechan is prakar hai-praman, gavah, dastavej tatha bhukti (kabja) nyayalayin kary ke char aang haian. faujadari aur divani mamale do prakar ke hote haian. len-den ke mamale ke 14 tatha faujadari mamale ke 4 bhed hai. nyayadhish ko kisi bhi mamale ka nirnay keval shastr ke anusar nahian, to buddhi ke karan mimaansa kar hi dena chahie. nyayalay mean mamala dakhil hone se usaka phaisala hone tak ki kary paddhati isamean vistar se di gee hai.
mrichchhakatik natak ke nyayalayin prasang tatha kary paddhati, is smriti ke anusar varnit hai. is smriti ka manusmriti se nikat sambandh hai. skandapuran mean kianvadanti hai ki mool manusmriti ke bhrigu, narad, brihaspati tatha aangiras ne char vibhag kie. manu ne jin vishayoan ki sankshipt charcha ki usaka brihaspati ne vistar se vivechan kiya hai. brihaspati aur narad mean anek vishayoan par mataiky haian. parantu brihaspati ki nyay vishayak paribhashaean narad se adhik anishchayatmak haian.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bharatiy sanskriti kosh, bhag-2 |prakashak: yoonivarsiti pablikeshan, nee dilli-110002 |sanpadan: profesar devendr mishr |prishth sankhya: 545 |
sanbandhit lekh