ब्रह्मसमाज
brahmasamaj
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| vivaran | 'brahmasamaj' bharat mean pratham dharm sudhar aandolan tha, jisaka sambandh hindoo dharm se tha. brahmasamaj us adhyatmik aandolan ki kahani hai, jo 19vian shatabdi ke navajagrat bharat ki visheshata thi. |
| sansthapak | raja ramamohan ray |
| sthapana tithi | 20 agast, 1828 ee. |
| sthan | kolakata |
| uddeshy | isaka uddeshy hindoo samaj mean vyapt buraeeyoan, jaise- sati pratha, bahuvivah, veshyagaman, jativad, asprishyata adi ko samapt karana tha. |
| vishesh | amoolakari parivartanavadi vicharoan ke karan hi 1865 ee. mean brahmasamaj mean pahali phoot p di. devendranath taigor ke anuyayiyoan ne 'adi brahmasamaj' ka gathan kiya. adi brahmasamaj ka nara tha- 'brahmavad hi hindoovad hai.' |
| sanbandhit lekh | devendranath taigor, keshavachandr sen, raja ramamohan ray |
| any janakari | raja ramamohan ray ke upadeshoan ka sar ‘sarvadharm samabhav’ tha. kalantar mean devendranath taigor ne 'brahmasamaj' ko age badhaya aur unhoanne tirthayatra, moortipooja, karmakand adi ki alochana ki. inake dvara hi keshavachandr sen ko brahmasamaj ka achary niyukt kiya gaya tha. |
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brahmasamaj hindoo dharm se sambandhit pratham dharm-sudhar andolan tha. isake sansthapak raja ramamohan ray the, jinhoann 20 agast, 1828 ee. mean isaki sthapana kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) mean ki thi. isaka mukhy uddeshy tatkalin hindoo samaj mean vyapt buraeeyoan, jaise- sati pratha, bahuvivah, veshyagaman, jativad, asprishyata adi ko samapt karana. raja ramamohan ray ko bharatiy punarjagaran ka pita mana jata hai. raja ramamohan ray pahale bharatiy the, jinhoanne samaj mean vyapt madhyayugin buraeeyoan ko door karane ke lie andolan chalaya. devendranath taigor ne bhi brahmasamaj ko apani sevaean pradan ki thian. unhoanne hi keshavachandr sen ko brahmasamaj ka achary niyukt kiya tha. keshavachandr sen ka bahut adhik udaravadi drishtikon hi age chalakar brahmasamaj ke vibhajan ka karan bana.
prachar tatha vibhajan
raja ramamohan ray ka janm 22 mee, 1774 ee. ko bangal ke hugali zile mean sthit 'radha nagar' mean hua tha. inhean farasi, arabi, sanskrit jaise prachy bhashaoan evan laitin, yoonani, fraansisi, aangrezi, hibroo jaisi pashchaty bhashaoan mean nipunata prapt thi. patana tatha varanasi mean apani shiksha prapt karane ke bad inhoanne 1803 ee. se 1814 ee. tak kampani mean naukari ki. raja ramamohan ray ne ekeshvaravad mean vishvas vyakt karate hue moortipooja evan avataravad ka virodh kiya. inhoanne karm ke siddhant tatha punarjanm par koee nishchit mat nahian vyakt kiya. raja ramamohan ray ne dharm granthoan ko manaviy antaratma tatha tark ke oopar nahian mana. raja ramamohan ray ke upadeshoan ka sar ‘sarvadharm samabhav’ tha. kalantar mean devendranath taigor (1818-1905 ee.) ne brahmasamaj ko age badhaya aur unhoanne tirthayatra, moortipooja, karmakand adi ki alochana ki. inake dvara hi keshavachandr sen ko brahmasamaj ka achary niyukt kiya gaya. keshavachandr sen (1834-1884 ee.) ne apani vakpatuta evan udaravadi drishtikon se is aandolan ko bal pradan kiya. inake hi prayasoan ke phalasvaroop brahmasamaj ki shakhaean uttar pradesh, panjab evan madras mean kholi gayi. keshavachandr sen ka atyadhik udaravadi drishtikon hi kalantar mean brahmasamaj ke vibhajan ka karan bana. 1865 ee. mean devendranath ne keshavachandr ko brahmasamaj se bahar nikal diya.
raja ramamohan ka yogadan
raja ramamohan ray ne kuchh mahattvapoorn rachanaean bhi ki haian, unaki kuchh rachanaean is prakar haian- 'tuhaphatul-muvahiddin', 'gift d monatheists' (1809 ee. mean parasi mean prakashit), 'piseptas aauf jisas' adi. inhoanne 'sanvad kaumudi' ka bhi sampadan kiya. raja ramamohan ray ne 1815 ee. mean hindoo dharm ke ekeshvaravadi mat ke prachar hetu atmiy sabha ka gathan kiya, jisamean dvarakanath taigor shamil the. 1815 ee. mean inhoanne vedaant k aaulej ki sthapana ki. raja ramamohan ray ne apane samay mean bharatiy samaj mean vyapt tamam buraiyoan mean sarvadhik prakhar andolan sati pratha ke viruddh chalaya. 1829 ee. mean bharat ke gavarnar-janaral l aaurd viliyam baiantik dvara sati pratha ko pratibandhit karane ke lie lagae ge qanoon ko lagoo karavane mean raja ramamohan ray ne sarakar ki madad ki. raja ramamohan ray ne pashchaty shiksha ke prati apana samarthan jatate hue kaha ki, 'yah hamare sampoorn vikas ke lie avashyak hai.' 1817 ee. mean devid heyar ki sahayata se kalakatta mean hindoo k aaulej ki sthapana ki gee.
raja ramamohan ray ko bharat mean patrakarita ka agradoot mana jata hai. inhoanne samachar-patroan ki svatantrata ka samarthan kiya tha. bharat ki svatantrata ke bare mean unaka mat tha ki, bharat ko turant svatantrata n lekar prashasan mean hissedari lena chahie. atah raja ramamohan ray british shasan ke samarthak the. inhoanne bharat mean pooanjivad ka samarthan kiya. ravindranath taigor ne raja ramamohan ray ke vishay mean kaha ki, ‘raja ramamohan ray apane samay mean sampoorn manav samaj mean ekamatr aise vyakti the, jinhoanne adhunik yug ke mahatv ko poori tarah samajha.’ raja ramamohan ray ne bharatiy svatantrata evan rashtriy aandolan ko samarthan diya. 1821 ee. mean spenish amerika mean kraanti ke saphal hone par raja ji ne ek sarvajanik bhoj ka ayojan kar apani khushi ko vyakt kiya. inhian sab karanoan se raja ramamohan ray ke vyaktitv ko ek 'antarrashtriy vyaktitv' mana jata hai.
tatvabodhini sabha
1850 ee. mean mugal badashah akabar dvitiy ne raja ramamohan ray ko raja ki upadhi ke sath apane doot ke roop mean tatkalin british samrat viliyam chaturth ke darabar mean bheja. inhean british samrat se mugal badashah ko milane vali peanshan ki rashi ko badhane ki bat karani thi. yahian par bristal mean 27 sitambar, 1833 ee. ko raja ramamohan ray ki mrityu ho gayi. subhashachandr bos ne raja ramamohan ray ko ‘yugadoot’ ki upadhi se sammanit kiya tha. raja ramamohan ray ki mrityu ke bad brahmasamaj ki gatividhiyoan ka sanchalan dvarikanath taigor tatha pandit ramachandr vidyagish ne kiya. inake bad dvarikanath ke putr devendranath taigor ne (1818-1905 ee.) brahmasamaj ki gatividhayoan ko jari rakha. brahmasamaj mean shamil hone se pahale devendranath ne kalakatta ke jorasaanki mean 'tatvaranjini sabha' ki sthapana ki. bad mean 'tatvaranjini' hi 'tatvabodhini sabha' ke roop mean parivartit ho gayi. devendranath taigor ne tatvabodhini sabha se ju di patrika ‘tatvabodhini’ ka prarambh kiya. isake sampadak 'akshay kumar datt' the. 1840 ee. mean tatvabodhini skool ki sthapana huee, akshay kumar isake adhyapak pad par niyukt huye. is skool ke any sadasyoan mean rajendr lal mitr, eeshvar chandr vidyasagar, tarachandr chakravarti tatha pyarechandr mitr adi the.
sangat sabha ki sthapana
21 disambar, 1843 ee. ko devendranath taigor ne brahmasamaj ki sadasyata grahan ki tatha utsah ke sath raja ramamohan ray ke vicharoan ko pracharit kiya. devendranath ne alekzeandar daf dvara bharatiy sanskriti par kie ja rahe eesaee dharm ke prachar ke prahar ke viruddh sangharsh kiya. devendranath taigor ne 'brahm dharm' namak dharmik pustika ka sankalan kiya tatha upasana ke brahm svaroop brahmepasana ki shuruat ki. 1857 ee. mean achary keshavachandr sen ne brahmasamaj ki sadasyata grahan ki. inake udaravadi vicharoan ne brahm ki lokapriyata ko badhaya. keshavachandr sen ne devendranath ke sath milakar tatkalin adhyatmik tatha samajik samasyaoan ke vichar ke uddeshy se 'sangat sabha' (maitri sangh) ki sthapana ki.
adi brahmasamaj ka gathan
1861 ee. mean keshavachandr sen ne 'indiyan mirar' namak patr ka prakashan prarambh kiya. is patr (mirar) ne shighr hi apani pahachan bana li aur aangrezi ka pahala dainik samachar hone ka gaurav prapt kiya. bad mean indiyan mirar brahmasamaj ka mukh patr ban gaya. achary keshavachandr sen ne brahmasamaj ko ek akhil bharatiy roop dene ke uddeshy se poore bharat ka daura kiya, jisake parinamasvaroop madras mean 'ved samaj' tatha maharashtr mean 'prarthana samaj' ki sthapana huee. achary keshavachandr sen ne mahilaoan ke uddhar, nari shiksha, antarjatiy vivah adi ke samarthan mean prachar kiya tatha bal vivah ka virodh kiya. in amoolakari parivartanavadi vicharoan ke karan hi 1865 ee. mean brahmasamaj mean pahali phoot p di. devendranath taigor ke anuyayiyoan ne adi brahmasamaj ka gathan kiya. adi brahmasamaj ka nara tha 'brahmavad hi hindoovad hai.'
- landan ki yatra se lautane ke bad 1872 ee. mean keshavachandr sen ne sarakar ko 'brahmavivah adhiniyam' ko qanooni darja dene ke lie taiyar kar liya. achary keshav chandr sen ne pashchimi shiksha ke prasar, striyoan ke uddhar tatha stri shiksha adi ke uddeshy se 'indiyan rifarm esosieshan' ki sthapana ki. brahmasamaj mean doosara vibhajan 1878 ee. mean hua, jab achary keshavachandr sen ne 'brahmavivah adhiniyam' 1872 ee. ka ullanghan karate huye apani alpayu putri ka vivah koochabihar ke maharaja se kiya.
sadharan brahmasamaj ki sthapana
keshavachandr sen ke anuyayiyoan ne unase alag hokar 'sadharan brahmasamaj' ki sthapana ki. sadharan brahmasamaj ke anuyayi moortipooja aur jati pratha ke virodhi tatha nari mukti ke samarthak the. sadharan brahmasamaj ki sthapana anand mohan bos dvara taiyar ki gee rooparekha par hua tha. anand mohan bos isake pratham adhyaksh the. is sangathan ke sakriy karyakartaoan mean shivanath shastri, vipinachandr pal dvarikanath gaanguli tatha surendranath banarji pramukh the.
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sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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